manzoor nabi from ganderbal srinagar kmr course:- forestry in mewar university rajasthan ph.. 09982826606

1. Name :- Manzoor Nabi
Roll No:- 04
Course:- Forestry 4th sem
Year:- 2014-15

2. Submitted to: Mr. Vikram
Singh
Submitted by: Manzoor Nabi

3. Contents:

4. Foot and Mouth Disease
 Aphthous fever
 Tiger Heart
 Highly contagious
 Some time fatal
 Viral disease of cloven-footed animals
 cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats
Occurrence
 Asia, Africa,Europe the Middle East and South America

5. 1. AETIOLOGY
causative agent
 Family Picornaviridae  genus Aphthovirus.
serotypes:
 A
 O
 C
 SAT1
 SAT2
 SAT3
 Asia-1

6. Temperature:
progressively inactivated by temperatures above 50°C
pH:
Inactivated by pH <6.0 or >9.0
Disinfectants:
Inactivated by sodium hydroxide (2%), sodium carbonate
(4%), and citric acid (0.2%).

7. 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Hosts
 Bovine
 Sheep
 Goat
 Camel
 Swine
Low mortality rate  adult animals
Oftenly high mortality  young due to myocarditis

8. Transmission
Animate vectors
Inanimate vectors
Clinically affected animals
Inhalation
People wearing contaminated clothes or footwear or using
contaminated equipment
Hay, feedstuffs, contaminated with the virus.
Contaminated water

9. 3. Clinical signs
 Drooling of saliva  Sticky, foamy
 Anoraxia
 Shivering
 Pyraxia  Raised temperature. (104-106 F)
 Reduced milk yield
 Lameness with reluctance to move
 Sores and blisters on the feet, in the mouth or on the
tongue
 In case of females  Sores and blisters on teat
 Oftenly high mortality  young due to myocarditis
 Low feed intake  painful tongue & mouth lesions

11. 11

12. Postmortem findings :
 Necrosis of heart muscle (tiger heart), usually only in
young acutely infected animals.
 Ulcerative lesions on tongue, palate, gums, pillars of
the rumen and feet

13. 4. Pathogenesis
 Infection through inhalation, the most efficient method of
infection, virus can also gain entry to tissues through
ingestion, insemination and inoculation, and through
contact with abraded skin..
 Primary viral replication, after inhalation,takes place in the
mucosal and lymphatic tissues of the pharynx.
 Viraemia follows primary multiplication with further viral
replication in lymph nodes, mammary glands and other
organs as well as the epithelial cells of the mouth, muzzle,
teats, interdigital skin and coronary band.
 In these areas of stratified squamous epithelium, vesicle
formation results from swelling and rupture of keratinocytes
in the stratum spinosum

14. 5. Diagnosis
Clinical signs
For Lab tests take 1g epithelium of lesions (ruptured or not)
 ELISA
 Complement fixation test
Serological tests
 ELISA
 Virus neutralisation test
All submissions should accompany a history

16. 6. Treatment
Treatment usually not practiced, in some cases
o Anti-pyretics
o Anti-biotics
It is recommended that at the face of an outbreak,
isolation and slaughter of diseased animals should be
done
Animals at risk must be vaccinated and tested
serologically in regular intervals of time.
 Vaccination failure may occur due to
 Lack of the prevailing serotype,
 Poor amount of immunogen in the vaccine

17. 7. Vaccination
•Proper Vaccine Schedule at the Farm with good Quality
Vaccine
•Vaccinate all the healthy animals with good quality
vaccine including infected animals to minimize the
shedding if FMD Virus.
FMD VRI vaccine: Aftovac pure
INACTIVATED VACCINE: Aftovax
 Vaccinate only healthy animals

18. 8. Control
 Disinfection
 Disinfect equipments and
floor with house hold
bleach (2 parts with 3 parts
water mixed thoroughly)
 Remove all organic matter
 Manure, dirt, feed, etc.
 Vehicles, shoes, equipment
 Arrange separate cover-alls
for laborers for work place.
 Improve vaccination
procedure with cold chain

19. 8. Losses due to FMD
 About six Arab losses are due to FMD in Pakistan
annually.
 Production losses are more as compare to mortality.
 Reduced milk production cause huge economic losses
to farmers and on the national economy.
 Milk production may be permanently affected, even in
animals that have recovered
 FMD can devastate industry early detection and
response is key to minimizing economic impact.

20. What should Farmer do if he suspects that animals on his
farm may have FMD?
 Separate the Infected animals from healthy ones
 Livestock farmer have proper vaccine schedule on his
farm with good quality vaccine or consult local
veterinarian for good quality FMD vaccine.
 If you suspect disease in any of your animals you must
contact your local veterinarian.
 And not to send your animals outside for grazing. Any
delay could allow the disease to spread further.

21. THANKS