This document provides information about food resources. It discusses that while there are 250,000 plant species, only around 3,000 have been used for agriculture and only 15 plants and 8 animal species supply 90% of our food. The main sources of food include agriculture crops, vegetation and fruits, meat and milk, and seafood. It also outlines some of the key food problems including undernourishment from not enough calories and malnutrition from lack of essential nutrients. The impacts of modern agriculture like waterlogging, salinity issues, and pesticide problems are summarized as well.

1. PREPARED BY:-
KHUSHBU K. SHAH
ASST. Prof.
S.S.A.S.I.T.
S.S.A.S.I.T G.T.U
SHREE SWAMI ATMANAND SARASWATI
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT
FOODRESOURCES
Environmental studies
(2110007)

2. Food Resources

3. Food Resources
 Food is one of the basic need of human beings for their
growth and proper functioning of their body.
 Although there are 2,50,000 species of plants, only
about 3000 have been tried as agriculture crops, only
300 are grown for food.
 Only 15 plants and 8 animals species supply 90% of our
food.
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4. Sources of Food
1. Agriculture crops
wheat, rice, maize, potato, soyabean, millet, sugarcane etc.
2. Vegetation and fruits
All vegetable and all fruits.
3. Meat and milk
Meat of animal like sheep, goat, hen etc.
Milk of animal like cow, buffalo, goat etc.
4. Sea food
Different type of fishes, ducks, crane,
and water birds etc.
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Food in the World
• 30,000 plant species with
parts people can eat.
• 15 plants and 8 animals
supply 90% of our food.
• Wheat, rice, and corn are
half the calories people eat.
• 66% of people eat mainly
rice, wheat, and corn
(grains).
• The top third of the
economic chain eats
primarily meat. www.iia.msu.edu/absp/ drought_00.html

6. Factors to improve food production
1. Training farmers for new techniques of agriculture, cultivation and
crop rotation.
2. Construction of water storage reservoirs.
3. Improvement in the irrigation system and canal networking.
4. Adopting water conservation and water harvesting techniques.
5. Adopting soil reclamation processes.
6. Use of fertilizers.
7. Available land acreage should be properly used.
8. Soil erosion & loss of nutrients should be prevented by vegetation
cover.
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7. Food Problems
 During last 50 years , grain production has increased to 3 times but
simultaneously population also increase , so it will create chronic
hunger and catastrophic famine due to lack of ACCESS of food, not
lack of food.
 Every year 40 million people die due to UNDERNOURISHMENT AND
MALNUTRITION
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8. (1) Undernourishment
 It is a lack of sufficient calories in available food , so that one has
little or no ability to move or work.
 The problem of undernourishment occurs when the body is not
been given enough calories as required to support its need.
 As a result, the body begins to break down its own stored proteins
and fats which reduces mental and physical efficiency as well as
affects adversely the body immune system.
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9. (1) Undernourishment
People receiving less than 90% of the minimum dietary
calories (2500 cal./day) are called undernourished.
People receiving less than 80% of the minimum dietary
calories (2500 cal./day) are called seriously
undernourished
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10. (2) Malnutrition
 Lack of essential nutrients like proteins , vitamins ,
carbohydrates etc is called as malnutrition.
 Occurs in both rich and poor countries.
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11. (2) Malnutrition
I. Anemia: caused by inability to absorb iron.
II. Goiter : caused by iodine deficiency in the diet in early childhood. It
causes abnormalities like mental retardation and deaf mustism.
III. Maramus: lack of protein and calories.
IV. Kwashiorkar : Lack of protein in the diet which leads to neural
development and learning disabilities.
V. Pellagra: Deficiency of tryptophan and lysine vitamins.
VI. Chronic hunger : which occur when people have enough food to
stay alive but not enough to lead satisfactory and productive lives.
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Impact Of Agriculture
 Changes brought about by agriculture on environment can broadly be divided
into three classes :
1) Local Changes : are also known as on-site effects which occur at near the site of
farming.
1.1) Soil erosion : wind or water action
1.2) Pollution of rivers: chemicals and fertilizers flown by wind and
irrigation water.
1.3) Poisoning of fish: Due to water pollution, fish eating get toxic to
human.
1.4) Depletion of nutrients : During slash and burn the organic matter in
soil destroyed the nutrient and taken up by crops within short period .Such
cropping get destroyed and supply becomes low .

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2) Regional changes :refers to changes in region of farming
2.1) Deforestation
2.2) Desertification
2.3) Soil infertility
2.4) large pollution
3) Global changes : refers to changes in the world at large
3.1) Climatic changes : Change in Oxygen & Change in
carbon and nitrogen dioxide cycle
3.2) Global warming : Due to concentration of CO2 which results in
the increasing of temperature of earth which is very hazardous to
human beings.

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Effects of Modern Agriculture
1.) Impacts related to high yielding varieties(HYVs) :
1.1) The uses of HYVs encourages monoculture i.e. the same genotype is
grown over vast areas.
1.2) Attack of pathogens, leads to total devastation of crop by disease due to
uniform condition which results in rapid spread of disease.
2) Water-logging : In punjab and Haryana , extensive areas have become
water-logged where adequate canal water supply or tube –well water
encouraged the farmers to use it over enthusiastically leading to water-
logging problem.

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3) Salinity problem : At present one third of the total cultivable
land area of the world is affected by salts.
In India about 7 million hectares of land are estimated to be
salt affected which may be saline or sodic.
Salinization of soil is caused by excessive irrigation and sodic
soil have carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium, the PH
Exceeds 8.0.

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Fertilizers related problems
4.1) Micronutrient Imbalance : Most of the chemical fertilizers used in modern
agriculture have nitrogen(N) , phosphorus(P) and potassium (K) which are
essential macronutrients .Excessive use of fertilizers cause micronutrient
imbalance.
Example :Excessive fertilizer use in Punjab and Haryana has caused deficiency of
micronutrient Zinc in soil which affecting productivity of the soil.
4.2) Nitrate pollution : Nitrogenous fertilizers applied in the field often leach deep
into soil and ultimately contaminate the ground water.
If it excess 45 mg/L , cause “Blue Baby Syndrome” methaemoglobinemia
which even lead to death of infant.
Example : India, France, Germany and Netherlands

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4.3) Eutrophication : A large proportion of N & P used in crop fields is
washed off and along with runoff water reach the water bodies
causing over nourishment of lakes a process known as eutrophication.
Due to this, lakes get invaded by algal blooms and often produce
toxins and badly affect food chain.
Thus excessive use of fertilizer in agriculture field that lake ecosystem
gets degraded.

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Pesticide related problem
Although DDT and chemicals as sulphur, arsenic etc.
pesticides have gone a long way in protecting our crops from
huge losses occurring due to pest , yet they have number of
side-effects :
5.1) Creating resistance in pests and producing new pests :
About 20 species of pests are now known which have become
immune to all types of pesticides and are known as “Super
pests”.

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5.2) Biological Magnification : Many of pesticides are non-
biodegradable and keep on accumulating in food chain, a
process called biological magnification.
As human beings occupy a high trophic level in food chain get
pesticides in bio-magnified form which is very harmful.
5.3) Death of non-target organisms : Many insecticides are broad
spectrum poisons which not only kill the target species but also
several non-target species that are useful to us.

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Land is most simply defined as “ the Solid portion of the Earth’s
surface”.
 It is a significant natural resource which plays an important role in
the development of human society.

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WHATARELANDRESOURCES?
Land resources includes all the naturally
occurring components of land which can be
used for different purposes.
This may include:-
• Minerals
• Agriculture
• Forests

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Uses of Land Resources:
•Land is used for Agriculture.
•Land contains huge amount of Minerals.
•It is also contains water in the form of underground water.
•Most of the animals have their habitat on land.
•Land provides all the resources required to fulfils the basic needs of
human civilization such as food ,cloth and shelter.

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LANDUSEPATTERNSINWORLD
 Land Resources Are Used For Following Purposes:
• Forest
• Cultivable Lands
• Mountains
• Wetlands
• Urban Area

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