Folic acid
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Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is involved in maturation of red blood cells and synthesis of compounds needed for fetal development. Adequate intake before and during early pregnancy helps prevent certain birth defects. It is absorbed in the small intestine and deficiency can cause anemia or increased dementia risk in older adults. The recommended daily intake is 400 micrograms, and sources include leafy greens, beans, eggs and meat. While generally safe, rare allergic reactions are possible.
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Folic acid
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for numerous bodily functions including DNA synthesis and repair. It must be obtained through the diet as the human body cannot synthesize it. A lack of folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in developing embryos. Folic acid is involved in single carbon transfers that are important in the synthesis of amino acids, purines and thymidylate. Certain drugs that inhibit folate metabolism are used as cancer chemotherapy, antibacterial and antimalarial treatments.
Folic acid
This document discusses folic acid and vitamin B12. It describes:
1) Folic acid is present in vegetables and consists of three parts. It is involved in DNA synthesis and preventing cancer and heart disease.
2) Deficiencies can result from pregnancy, malabsorption, drugs that inhibit enzyme activity, and lack of vegetables in the diet. This leads to megaloblastic anemia.
3) Vitamin B12 contains cobalt and is only found in animal products. Deficiencies can result from gastric issues or lack of intrinsic factor leading to neurological problems like subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
Pantothenic acid(B5)
Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) which plays a key role in numerous metabolic pathways. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to tissues where it is phosphorylated and linked to cysteine to form 4'-phosphopantetheine, which is then converted to dephospho-CoA and CoA. CoA is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and ketone bodies as well as the oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids through acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare but can cause burning feet syndrome in experimental
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its structure, functions, recommended dietary allowance, absorption, and deficiency manifestations. It notes that vitamin E was first isolated in 1936 and named tocopherol. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. It acts as an antioxidant, protects cell membranes, and works with selenium. The recommended daily intake is 15 mg or 33 IU. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and retrolental fibroplasia in premature babies.
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, forms part of coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism. It is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol. Pantothenic acid is used to synthesize coenzyme A, which transports carbon atoms within cells to form acetyl-CoA and related compounds for energy metabolism and biosynthesis of important compounds like fatty acids and cholesterol. Coenzyme A is also required for the formation of acetyl carrier protein needed for fatty acid synthesis.
Vitamin b9
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, consists of three components and its active form is tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate acts as a coenzyme that receives one-carbon fragments from donors like serine and glycine and transfers them for the synthesis of amino acids, purines, and thymidylate monophosphate. Folate deficiency can result from inadequate intake, impaired absorption, drug interference, increased demand, or hemolytic anemia and can cause megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in developing fetuses, and increased homocysteine levels.
Folic acid
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays several important roles in the body. It is required for cell growth and DNA synthesis, and is especially important during periods of rapid cell division and growth like infancy and pregnancy. A deficiency in folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in newborns if a woman is deficient during pregnancy. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, beans, oranges, and fortified grains.
Folic acid
Folic acid is a B vitamin found in green leafy vegetables and whole grains. It is required for DNA synthesis and cell division. The biologically active form is tetrahydrofolate, which carries single carbon groups and is involved in reactions like purine synthesis. Deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia during pregnancy or infancy due to impaired DNA synthesis. It is also associated with increased homocysteine levels and neural tube defects if deficiency occurs during pregnancy. While folic acid supplements can treat deficiency, they should not be given to cancer patients as it may increase abnormal cell growth and division.
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Folic acid
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for numerous bodily functions including DNA synthesis and repair. It must be obtained through the diet as the human body cannot synthesize it. A lack of folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in developing embryos. Folic acid is involved in single carbon transfers that are important in the synthesis of amino acids, purines and thymidylate. Certain drugs that inhibit folate metabolism are used as cancer chemotherapy, antibacterial and antimalarial treatments.
Folic acid
This document discusses folic acid and vitamin B12. It describes:
1) Folic acid is present in vegetables and consists of three parts. It is involved in DNA synthesis and preventing cancer and heart disease.
2) Deficiencies can result from pregnancy, malabsorption, drugs that inhibit enzyme activity, and lack of vegetables in the diet. This leads to megaloblastic anemia.
3) Vitamin B12 contains cobalt and is only found in animal products. Deficiencies can result from gastric issues or lack of intrinsic factor leading to neurological problems like subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
Pantothenic acid(B5)
Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) which plays a key role in numerous metabolic pathways. It is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to tissues where it is phosphorylated and linked to cysteine to form 4'-phosphopantetheine, which is then converted to dephospho-CoA and CoA. CoA is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and ketone bodies as well as the oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids through acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare but can cause burning feet syndrome in experimental
Vitamin E
This document provides information on vitamin E, including its structure, functions, recommended dietary allowance, absorption, and deficiency manifestations. It notes that vitamin E was first isolated in 1936 and named tocopherol. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. It acts as an antioxidant, protects cell membranes, and works with selenium. The recommended daily intake is 15 mg or 33 IU. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and retrolental fibroplasia in premature babies.
Vitamin B5 pantothenic acid MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, forms part of coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism. It is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol. Pantothenic acid is used to synthesize coenzyme A, which transports carbon atoms within cells to form acetyl-CoA and related compounds for energy metabolism and biosynthesis of important compounds like fatty acids and cholesterol. Coenzyme A is also required for the formation of acetyl carrier protein needed for fatty acid synthesis.
Vitamin b9
Folate, also known as vitamin B9, consists of three components and its active form is tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate acts as a coenzyme that receives one-carbon fragments from donors like serine and glycine and transfers them for the synthesis of amino acids, purines, and thymidylate monophosphate. Folate deficiency can result from inadequate intake, impaired absorption, drug interference, increased demand, or hemolytic anemia and can cause megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in developing fetuses, and increased homocysteine levels.
Folic acid
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays several important roles in the body. It is required for cell growth and DNA synthesis, and is especially important during periods of rapid cell division and growth like infancy and pregnancy. A deficiency in folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects in newborns if a woman is deficient during pregnancy. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, beans, oranges, and fortified grains.
Folic acid
Folic acid is a B vitamin found in green leafy vegetables and whole grains. It is required for DNA synthesis and cell division. The biologically active form is tetrahydrofolate, which carries single carbon groups and is involved in reactions like purine synthesis. Deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia during pregnancy or infancy due to impaired DNA synthesis. It is also associated with increased homocysteine levels and neural tube defects if deficiency occurs during pregnancy. While folic acid supplements can treat deficiency, they should not be given to cancer patients as it may increase abnormal cell growth and division.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols. It is an important antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the body during oxidation. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. A deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, muscular dystrophy, and neurological problems due to increased lipid peroxidation in tissues.
vitamin B3 niacin
Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, was first isolated in 1911 and plays important roles in the body. It was discovered to prevent the disease pellagra. Niacin is found in many foods like barley, potatoes, and cashews. A deficiency can cause symptoms like a coated tongue, mouth sores, and skin lesions. Severe deficiencies can lead to neurological and mental health issues. Niacin helps metabolize proteins and carbohydrates, supports circulation and the nervous system, and maintains healthy skin and digestion. It has therapeutic uses for conditions like high cholesterol, migraines, and heart disease.
Folic acid (B9)
Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in single-carbon transfers in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. It is required for DNA synthesis and cell division. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis. Rich dietary sources include green leafy vegetables. Folic acid supplementation is important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in newborns.
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Riboflavin VITAMIN B2
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism. It exists in tissues tightly bound to enzymes called flavoproteins and its active forms are FMN and FAD, which are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. Good dietary sources include liver, eggs, dairy products, fish, and green leafy vegetables. A riboflavin deficiency can cause symptoms affecting the skin and mucous membranes like angular stomatitis or a magenta colored tongue.
Vitamin k and e
Vitamins are essential nutrients required in small amounts for specific biological functions. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that prevents cell damage and aids in red blood cell formation. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting as it allows clotting factors to bind calcium. Hypophosphatasia is a rare bone disorder caused by alkaline phosphatase deficiency, causing skeletal abnormalities and tooth loss. It ranges from severe in infants to mild in adults.
Vitamin B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an essential component of coenzymes involved in redox reactions in the body. It acts as a precursor to FMN and FAD, which are cofactors for redox enzymes. Deficiency can result from poor intake, malabsorption, drug interactions, and genetic defects affecting flavin metabolism. Symptoms include sore throat, cheilosis, and glossitis. Status is assessed by urinary riboflavin levels, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity, and direct measurement of flavins in plasma and erythrocytes.
NIACIN (B3)
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is an essential vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic reactions related to energy production. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Niacin deficiency causes the disease pellagra, with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Treatment of pellagra involves niacin supplementation. Therapeutically, niacin is used to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by lowering LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL levels.
Vitamin b7 (biotin)
Vitamin B7, also known as biotin or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin important for metabolism. It is involved in fatty acid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism as well as glycogen synthesis. Deficiencies are rare as biotin is found widely in foods and small amounts can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria. However, avidin in raw egg whites can bind biotin and make it unavailable. Adequate intake levels for adults are 30 mcg per day for men and 25 mcg for women. Biotin supports healthy skin, hair, nails and metabolism. Deficiency can cause brittle nails, hair loss and neurological symptoms.
Vitamin K .
Vitamin K exists in three forms - vitamin K1, K2, and K3. It functions as a coenzyme in the liver to enable the carboxylation of blood clotting factors and proteins involved in bone mineralization. A daily recommended intake of 70-140 μg is needed to support blood coagulation and bone health, with deficiency leading to increased bleeding risks.
folic acid B9 MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in many foods. It is important for cell division and growth, especially during periods of rapid cell division and growth like infancy and pregnancy. Folic acid works as a coenzyme in single carbon transfers that are critical for DNA synthesis and metabolism. A deficiency can result in health issues like megaloblastic anemia or neural tube defects in developing embryos. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, legumes, liver, and fortified grains.
Folic acid- Chemistry, One carbon metabolism and megaloblastic anemia
Folic acid- Structure, forms, absorption, transportation, storage, excretion, role in one-carbon metabolism, role in methionine synthesis, role in nucleotide biosynthesis, folate trap, folate antagonists, megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin e
Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
ALL ABOUT VITAMINS VITAMIN B6, B7, B12 AND FOLIC ACID
Vitamins are nutrients which are required in micro grams.They are essential for normal function of the body.They act as cofactors and prosthetic groups for enzymes
Folic acid
Folic acid is the oxidized form of a water-soluble B vitamin found in fortified foods and supplements. It is required in the diet because gut bacteria cannot synthesize a form that is bioavailable. Folic acid is absorbed in the small intestine through active transport and carrier proteins and is transported in the blood as methyltetrahydrofolate (methyl-THFA). It is stored in tissues as polyglutamates and plays a key role in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in amino acid, nucleotide, and histidine metabolism. Deficiency can result from inadequate intake, malabsorption, increased demands, or drug interactions, and may cause megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, weight loss,
Vitamin b9
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
VITAMINB2[RIBOFLAVIN] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,BY P.RAVISANKAR [SOURCES OF VITAMI...
VITAMINB2[RIBOFLAVIN] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,BY P.RAVISANKAR [SOURCES OF VITAMIN B2,CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN B2,PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE,SYNTHESIS OF RIBOFLAVIN,REACTIONS, VITAMIN B2 DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS,FUNCTIONS,USES OF RIBOFLAVIN.
BY P.RAVISANKAR,VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI, GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.
Vitamin b7 or biotin
Vitamin B7, also called biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was first identified in the 1920s and its structure was elucidated in the 1940s. It plays an important role in metabolism, immune function, hair and skin health, and nervous system function. Good dietary sources include beef liver, barley, soybeans and cauliflower. A daily intake of 100-300 mcg is recommended for adults to prevent deficiency symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin disorders.
BIOTIN (B7)
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin and coenzyme that is essential for carboxylation reactions in metabolism. It is required by the enzymes pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, which are involved in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans due to its presence in many foods and synthesis by gut bacteria, but can cause dermatitis, weakness, and nausea. Avidin in raw egg whites binds strongly to biotin and prevents its absorption.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
Vitamin b2
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an important vitamin for dogs. It acts as a precursor for FMN and FAD, which are cofactors in enzymes involved in energy production and metabolism. Signs of a deficiency include dermatitis, weight loss, weakness, and eye lesions like cloudiness or discharge. Riboflavin is found in many foods like meat, eggs, dairy and leafy greens. Dogs need around 2.2-5.3 mg of riboflavin per kg of diet daily to meet their nutritional needs.
VITAMIN B2-RIBOFLAVIN.pptx
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement.[3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and development. The coenzymes are also required for the metabolism of niacin, vitamin B6, and folate. Riboflavin is prescribed to treat corneal thinning, and taken orally, may reduce the incidence of migraine headaches in adults.
Riboflavin deficiency is rare and is usually accompanied by deficiencies of other vitamins and nutrients. It may be prevented or treated by oral supplements or by injections. As a water-soluble vitamin, any riboflavin consumed in excess of nutritional requirements is not stored; it is either not absorbed or is absorbed and quickly excreted in urine, causing the urine to have a bright yellow tint. Natural sources of riboflavin include meat, fish and fowl, eggs, dairy products, green vegetables, mushrooms, and almonds. Some countries require its addition to grains.
Riboflavin was discovered in 1920, isolated in 1933, and first synthesized in 1935. In its purified, solid form, it is a water-soluble yellow-orange crystalline powder. In addition to its function as a vitamin, it is used as a food coloring agent. Biosynthesis takes place in bacteria, fungi and plants, but not animals. Industrial synthesis of riboflavin was initially achieved using a chemical process, but current commercial manufacturing relies on fermentation methods using strains of fungi and genetically modified bacteria.
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Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists as both tocopherols and tocotrienols. It is an important antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the body during oxidation. The most biologically active form is alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E is absorbed with dietary fat and transported throughout the body associated with lipoproteins. A deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, muscular dystrophy, and neurological problems due to increased lipid peroxidation in tissues.
vitamin B3 niacin
Vitamin B3, also known as niacin or nicotinic acid, was first isolated in 1911 and plays important roles in the body. It was discovered to prevent the disease pellagra. Niacin is found in many foods like barley, potatoes, and cashews. A deficiency can cause symptoms like a coated tongue, mouth sores, and skin lesions. Severe deficiencies can lead to neurological and mental health issues. Niacin helps metabolize proteins and carbohydrates, supports circulation and the nervous system, and maintains healthy skin and digestion. It has therapeutic uses for conditions like high cholesterol, migraines, and heart disease.
Folic acid (B9)
Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in single-carbon transfers in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. It is required for DNA synthesis and cell division. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis. Rich dietary sources include green leafy vegetables. Folic acid supplementation is important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in newborns.
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Riboflavin VITAMIN B2
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in metabolism. It exists in tissues tightly bound to enzymes called flavoproteins and its active forms are FMN and FAD, which are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. Good dietary sources include liver, eggs, dairy products, fish, and green leafy vegetables. A riboflavin deficiency can cause symptoms affecting the skin and mucous membranes like angular stomatitis or a magenta colored tongue.
Vitamin k and e
Vitamins are essential nutrients required in small amounts for specific biological functions. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that prevents cell damage and aids in red blood cell formation. Vitamin K is required for blood clotting as it allows clotting factors to bind calcium. Hypophosphatasia is a rare bone disorder caused by alkaline phosphatase deficiency, causing skeletal abnormalities and tooth loss. It ranges from severe in infants to mild in adults.
Vitamin B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an essential component of coenzymes involved in redox reactions in the body. It acts as a precursor to FMN and FAD, which are cofactors for redox enzymes. Deficiency can result from poor intake, malabsorption, drug interactions, and genetic defects affecting flavin metabolism. Symptoms include sore throat, cheilosis, and glossitis. Status is assessed by urinary riboflavin levels, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity, and direct measurement of flavins in plasma and erythrocytes.
NIACIN (B3)
Niacin, or vitamin B3, is an essential vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic reactions related to energy production. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Niacin deficiency causes the disease pellagra, with symptoms of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Treatment of pellagra involves niacin supplementation. Therapeutically, niacin is used to treat hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by lowering LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL levels.
Vitamin b7 (biotin)
Vitamin B7, also known as biotin or vitamin H, is a water-soluble vitamin important for metabolism. It is involved in fatty acid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism as well as glycogen synthesis. Deficiencies are rare as biotin is found widely in foods and small amounts can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria. However, avidin in raw egg whites can bind biotin and make it unavailable. Adequate intake levels for adults are 30 mcg per day for men and 25 mcg for women. Biotin supports healthy skin, hair, nails and metabolism. Deficiency can cause brittle nails, hair loss and neurological symptoms.
Vitamin K .
Vitamin K exists in three forms - vitamin K1, K2, and K3. It functions as a coenzyme in the liver to enable the carboxylation of blood clotting factors and proteins involved in bone mineralization. A daily recommended intake of 70-140 μg is needed to support blood coagulation and bone health, with deficiency leading to increased bleeding risks.
folic acid B9 MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in many foods. It is important for cell division and growth, especially during periods of rapid cell division and growth like infancy and pregnancy. Folic acid works as a coenzyme in single carbon transfers that are critical for DNA synthesis and metabolism. A deficiency can result in health issues like megaloblastic anemia or neural tube defects in developing embryos. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, legumes, liver, and fortified grains.
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Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
ALL ABOUT VITAMINS VITAMIN B6, B7, B12 AND FOLIC ACID
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Folic acid
Folic acid is the oxidized form of a water-soluble B vitamin found in fortified foods and supplements. It is required in the diet because gut bacteria cannot synthesize a form that is bioavailable. Folic acid is absorbed in the small intestine through active transport and carrier proteins and is transported in the blood as methyltetrahydrofolate (methyl-THFA). It is stored in tissues as polyglutamates and plays a key role in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in amino acid, nucleotide, and histidine metabolism. Deficiency can result from inadequate intake, malabsorption, increased demands, or drug interactions, and may cause megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, weight loss,
Vitamin b9
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
VITAMINB2[RIBOFLAVIN] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,BY P.RAVISANKAR [SOURCES OF VITAMI...
VITAMINB2[RIBOFLAVIN] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,BY P.RAVISANKAR [SOURCES OF VITAMIN B2,CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN B2,PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE,SYNTHESIS OF RIBOFLAVIN,REACTIONS, VITAMIN B2 DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS,FUNCTIONS,USES OF RIBOFLAVIN.
BY P.RAVISANKAR,VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE, VADLAMUDI, GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.
Vitamin b7 or biotin
Vitamin B7, also called biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that was first identified in the 1920s and its structure was elucidated in the 1940s. It plays an important role in metabolism, immune function, hair and skin health, and nervous system function. Good dietary sources include beef liver, barley, soybeans and cauliflower. A daily intake of 100-300 mcg is recommended for adults to prevent deficiency symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin disorders.
BIOTIN (B7)
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin and coenzyme that is essential for carboxylation reactions in metabolism. It is required by the enzymes pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and β-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, which are involved in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin deficiency is rare in humans due to its presence in many foods and synthesis by gut bacteria, but can cause dermatitis, weakness, and nausea. Avidin in raw egg whites binds strongly to biotin and prevents its absorption.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
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Folic acid- Chemistry, One carbon metabolism and megaloblastic anemia
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ALL ABOUT VITAMINS VITAMIN B6, B7, B12 AND FOLIC ACID
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VITAMINB2[RIBOFLAVIN] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,BY P.RAVISANKAR [SOURCES OF VITAMI...
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Similar to Folic acid
Vitamin b2
Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is an important vitamin for dogs. It acts as a precursor for FMN and FAD, which are cofactors in enzymes involved in energy production and metabolism. Signs of a deficiency include dermatitis, weight loss, weakness, and eye lesions like cloudiness or discharge. Riboflavin is found in many foods like meat, eggs, dairy and leafy greens. Dogs need around 2.2-5.3 mg of riboflavin per kg of diet daily to meet their nutritional needs.
VITAMIN B2-RIBOFLAVIN.pptx
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement.[3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and development. The coenzymes are also required for the metabolism of niacin, vitamin B6, and folate. Riboflavin is prescribed to treat corneal thinning, and taken orally, may reduce the incidence of migraine headaches in adults.
Riboflavin deficiency is rare and is usually accompanied by deficiencies of other vitamins and nutrients. It may be prevented or treated by oral supplements or by injections. As a water-soluble vitamin, any riboflavin consumed in excess of nutritional requirements is not stored; it is either not absorbed or is absorbed and quickly excreted in urine, causing the urine to have a bright yellow tint. Natural sources of riboflavin include meat, fish and fowl, eggs, dairy products, green vegetables, mushrooms, and almonds. Some countries require its addition to grains.
Riboflavin was discovered in 1920, isolated in 1933, and first synthesized in 1935. In its purified, solid form, it is a water-soluble yellow-orange crystalline powder. In addition to its function as a vitamin, it is used as a food coloring agent. Biosynthesis takes place in bacteria, fungi and plants, but not animals. Industrial synthesis of riboflavin was initially achieved using a chemical process, but current commercial manufacturing relies on fermentation methods using strains of fungi and genetically modified bacteria.
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This document discusses vitamins, including fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K and water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, and C. It provides details on the sources, absorption, functions, deficiency symptoms, and important facts about each vitamin. The document emphasizes that vitamins are essential organic compounds required in small amounts for normal physiological functions and most must be obtained from diet as they are not synthesized by the body.
Vitamins- steps to healthier you
This document provides information about various vitamins. It discusses 13 vitamins - thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), cyanocobalamin (B12), ascorbic acid (C), retinol (A), ergocalciferol (D), tocopherol (E), and phylloquinone (K). For each vitamin, it mentions the chemical name, sources, functions, deficiency symptoms, absorption and any relevant chemistry. The document provides details on the roles of these vitamins
Vitamin b2
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin that is part of the B vitamin group. It plays an important role in metabolism as the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN, which are required for many enzyme reactions. Sources of riboflavin include liver, dairy products, eggs, meat, and leafy greens. Deficiency can cause lesions on the skin, eyes, and mouth as well as eye irritation and sensitivity to light. Daily requirements vary from 0.4 to 2.2 mg depending on age, sex, and pregnancy/lactation status.
Vitamin (1)
This document defines vitamins as organic compounds essential for growth that must be obtained through diet. It focuses on vitamin A, describing it as a group of compounds including retinol, retinal, and provitamin A. Provitamin A, such as beta-carotene, is converted to vitamin A in the intestines. Vitamin A is found in animal liver, fish liver oil, and plants. The biological form, 11-cis retinal, is derived from retinal and involved in rhodopsin formation in the retina. Sources of vitamin A include liver, eggs, dairy, and carotene-rich fruits and vegetables. Vitamin A deficiency can cause vision problems, growth inhibition, and neurological issues.
Vitamins
This document provides information on vitamins and co-enzymes. It discusses both fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble vitamins (B complex, C). Key points include: vitamins act as co-enzymes in metabolic reactions; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver while water-soluble vitamins are not stored; deficiencies of various vitamins can cause diseases like rickets, osteomalacia, night blindness, and pellagra. The document also discusses vitamin functions, sources, structures, and roles in vision, bone health, antioxidant activity, and more.
vitamins%20edit.pptx
Vitamins are small organic molecules required in small amounts that are not synthesized by the body. They are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver while water-soluble vitamins are not stored, except for vitamin B12, and are excreted in urine. Vitamins function as coenzymes and are essential for growth, maintenance and reproduction, with deficiencies leading to diseases like beriberi, pellagra, or megaloblastic anemia.
Panthothenic Acid
Panthothenic acid,also called B5, is a water soluble vitamin.
its names derived from Greek word pantot. Pantos, means "from everywhere"
FA S1 VITAMINS m.pharm anaalysis, food analysis
m.pharm analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, food analysis, cosmetic analysis and evaluation, modern bio analytical techniques, advanced pharmaceutical analysis, phamaceutical validation
vitamins and its chemistry
Physiological Function of Vitamins and their chemistry
vitamin A and b complex, vitamin C, E, and cyanocobalamin
Vitamins.pdf
Vitamins-Introduction, Water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
Water soluble vitamins-B complex vitamins: thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), folate (folic acid), vitamin B12, biotin and pantothenic acid-their source, structure, properties, metabolism, physiological significance, deficiency disease and human requirements.
Fat soluble vitamins: Fat soluble vitamins, Vitamin A, D, E and K and their their source, structure, properties, metabolism, physiological significance, deficiency disease and human requirements.
Vitamin A-Carotene in plants-α-carotenes, β-carotenes and γ-carotenes, 3 forms of vitamin A-Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic acid.
Vitamin D3-cholecalciferol,
Vitamin E -Tocopherol, Vitamin K-Phylloquinone or Anti hemorrhagic Vitamin or Coagulation Vitamin
Single Cell protein
Spirulina-Single cell protein (SCP) refers to dead and dry cells of microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, fungi, and algae.
These SCPs serve as a food or feed supplement and can be an alternative to conventional protein sources. SCP includes a high content of protein with all essential amino acids.
Heterocyclic compounds.pptx
This document discusses heterocyclic compounds and their biological significance. It summarizes key points about pyridine, pyrimidine, purines, quinine, pteridines, and isoalloxazine. These compounds play important roles in biological processes as components of coenzymes, vitamins, and metabolites involved in cellular metabolism and energy production. Many also have therapeutic applications such as in treating malaria, cancer, microbial infections, and hyperthyroidism.
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
A vitamin that can dissolve in water. Vitamins are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should. Water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body's tissues but are not stored in the body.
microbial products
Microorganisms are capable of synthesizing many vitamins that humans cannot produce themselves. Some key vitamins produced by microbes include thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, and beta-carotene. The commercial production of many vitamins involves the fermentation of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Major producers employ genetically engineered microbes to optimize yield.
Vitamin b6
Water soluble vitamin pyridoxine (vitamin B6) introduction, Chemistry of vitamin B6, Biochemical role of vitamin B6, active form of vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal phosphate) synthesis and their role, Recommended dietary allowance of vitamin B6, Dietary sources of vitamin B 6, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B6.
Vitamin b9 / Folic acid
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is an important water-soluble B vitamin found naturally in many foods. It plays several key roles in the body, including the production of red blood cells and preventing neural tube defects in developing embryos. A lack of folic acid can lead to megaloblastic anemia and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and birth defects like spina bifida. Good dietary sources include leafy green vegetables, liver, eggs, pulses, and some fruits. The recommended daily intake varies from person to person depending on age and life stage.
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Folic acid
- 1. FOLIC ACIDFOLIC ACID Presented By:Presented By: NABIN PANDITNABIN PANDIT Nepal Institute Of Health SciencesNepal Institute Of Health Sciences Jorpati, KathmanduJorpati, Kathmandu Diploma In PharmacyDiploma In Pharmacy 33rdrd YearYear Roll No:15Roll No:15
- 2. FOLIC ACIDFOLIC ACID Folic acid is also called vitamin(B9) is involved in maturation ofFolic acid is also called vitamin(B9) is involved in maturation of red blood cell and synthesis of purines and pyrimidines which arered blood cell and synthesis of purines and pyrimidines which are required for development of fetal nervous system.required for development of fetal nervous system. Adequate folic acid is intake before conception and through firstAdequate folic acid is intake before conception and through first trimester of pregnancy helps prevents certain brain and spinaltrimester of pregnancy helps prevents certain brain and spinal cord defects.cord defects. Folate is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum.Folate is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum. The US recommended daily dose is 400 microgram and upperThe US recommended daily dose is 400 microgram and upper limit is 1000 microgram.limit is 1000 microgram. Folate is essentially nontoxic. Deficiency produces megaloblasticFolate is essentially nontoxic. Deficiency produces megaloblastic anemia. A deficiency of folate in old age significantly increase theanemia. A deficiency of folate in old age significantly increase the risk of developing dementia.risk of developing dementia. Folic acid is found in dried peas, dried beans, yeast, and leafyFolic acid is found in dried peas, dried beans, yeast, and leafy green vegetable, eggs ,meats.green vegetable, eggs ,meats.
- 3. Chemical Structure Of Folic AcidChemical Structure Of Folic Acid IUPACIUPAC name:N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-name:N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4- dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L- glutamic acidglutamic acid
- 4. Physical propertiesPhysical properties State: Crystalline powder having 5-85%State: Crystalline powder having 5-85% waterwater Odor: OdorlessOdor: Odorless Taste : TastelessTaste : Tasteless Solubility: Soluble in dilute mineral NaoHSolubility: Soluble in dilute mineral NaoH giving clear orange brown solution and it isgiving clear orange brown solution and it is insoluble in cold water.insoluble in cold water. Color: Yellow to yellowish orange colorColor: Yellow to yellowish orange color
- 5. Stability/StorageStability/Storage :It is stored in air tight container:It is stored in air tight container protected from light.protected from light. UsesUses : It is used in treatment of megaloblastic anemia.: It is used in treatment of megaloblastic anemia. It is used in folic acid deficiency.It is used in folic acid deficiency. It is also used in vitamin/mineral supplementationIt is also used in vitamin/mineral supplementation during pregnancy/lactation.during pregnancy/lactation. Adverse Effects:Adverse Effects: Folic acid supplementation isFolic acid supplementation is generally thought to be safe for human use. However,generally thought to be safe for human use. However, in rare cases, allergic reactions have occurred.in rare cases, allergic reactions have occurred. Patients experiencing any signs or symptoms of aPatients experiencing any signs or symptoms of a severe allergic reaction including hives, difficulty insevere allergic reaction including hives, difficulty in breathing or swallowing, and shortness of breath.breathing or swallowing, and shortness of breath.
- 6. ThankThank You!!!You!!! Any Questions???Any Questions???
- 7. ThankThank You!!!You!!! Any Questions???Any Questions???
Editor's Notes
- Dementia-a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental process caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorder, personality changes and impaired reasoning. Duodenum-The first part of small intestine.
- hives- a itchy area of skin that may be sign of an allergic reaction