The document provides information on different types of floor finishes. It discusses various flooring materials including carpets and rugs, tiles, terrazzo, stone, timber, cement concrete, brick, and vinyl flooring. For each type of flooring, the document outlines the components/ingredients, installation process, advantages and disadvantages. It provides details on different varieties within each flooring type, such as ceramic and porcelain tiles, marble, slate and granite stone flooring, solid and engineered timber flooring. The document is intended as a guide to floor finishes for presentation purposes.

1. AASTHA
AMANUL
SHARIQ
FAIZAN
SUFIA
We are presenting on the topic
Floor finishes
Presented By-

2. What’s in a Floor finish?
Concrete floor finish
Timber floor finish
Stone floor finish Vinyl floor finish

3. TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHES!
 Carpets and Rugs
 Tiles
 Terrazzo flooring
 Stone flooring
 Timber flooring
 Cement Concrete flooring
 Brick flooring
 Vinyl flooring
 Market Survey

4. CARPETS AND RUGS
The terms “carpet” denotes a large floor coveringthat can be cut to
suit anyroom.
The “rug” means a loose-laid piece of sizeand design
determined by the maker.
TYPES OF
CARPETS & RUGS
FLAT WEAVE RUGS
PILE
RUGS &
CARPET
MECHANICALLY
PRODUCED CARPETS
YARNS
&FIBERS

5. Flatweave Rugs
Sizes:-120*80, 180*120 and 240*150 cm.
Used in hallways & playrooms.

6. Pile Rugs & Carpets
Sizes:-120 cm of rugs and 300 & 350
cm of carpets.
Produced in: Pakistan, India,
Turkey, Iran, Morocco and Spain.

7. Mechanically Produced
Carpets

8. Tiles

9. CERAMIC TILE

10. ADVANTAGES OF CERAMIC TILES
• Aesthetically far much better
than any other flooring, as it
is available in various shades
and textures.
• Easy to maintain.
• Laying is easy and less time
taking.
• Available in various sizes thus
no
cutting required.
• Tiles are fire resistant.

11. PORCELAIN TILE

12. COMPARISON
Ceramic/Non Porcelain Porcelain
Construction (how are they
made)
Made with red, brown or white
clay.
Softer and less dense.
Made with white clay, sand and
feldspar.
Fired at a higher temperature.
Harder and more dense.
Pros Easier to use
Available in more up to date
and intricate designs.
Absorbs less water.
More hard-wearing.
Cons Can be prone to cracking in
cold weather.
More brittle.
Only available in basic or very
simple designs.

13. INSTALLATION
PROCESS

15. TERRAZO
FLOORING`
 Terrazzo is a flooring material traditionally made by
exposing marblechips on the surface of concreteand
then polishing until smooth.
 However terrazzo is now available in tile form.
 It’s often used inpublic buildings because it’s long-
lasting andcan be refinished repeatedly.

16. COMPONENTS/INGREDIENTS
Installation Cost : minimum
30 to 50 INR per square feet
to a max 200 INR.
Best Use : Flooring, walls,
countertops, backsplashes
The typical thickness for
terrazzo is between 2
1/2" and 3"
CONCRETE + STONE,
GLASS, PLASTIC
AGGREGATES = TERRAZO

17. INSTALLATION PROCESS

18. DEFECTS
1. Cracks
2. Discoloration
3. Scratches
4. Sealant failure
5. Wear

19. WHY USE TERRAZO
FLOORING?
• Extremely hard wearing
• Easy to clean and maintain
• Attractive in appearance
• Flexible – can be designed to be in keeping
with other architectural features and colour
schemes
• Hygienic – suitable for some areas of food
preparation and in hospitals
• Cost effective – will outlive most other
types of hard flooring

20. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Unique beauty
2. Elegance
1.Terrazzo is quite slippery
2.Expensive
3. Longevity
4. Comfortable under feet
5. Controls noise
3.Need skills for installation
4.Polishing needed for
maintaining the look.

21. STONE
FLOORING

22. STONE FLOORING
Stone flooring is a type of flooring in which the floor is covered with stone slabs or stone tiles
Used in public buildings because of it durability and hardness
Thereare threebasic types of rockfrom which we carveout stone floors:
Sedimentary rock
Igneous
Metamorphic

23. TYPES OF STONE FLOORING
MARBLEFLOORING
Various colors depending on origin.
fine and prosperous looking floors.
Mainlyusedin homesfor interior flooring reason
expensive flooring.
Available indifferent sizes
Price : 120-600Rs per sq.ft.

24. SLATE FLOORING
can be usedin homesfor outdoor flooring reasons.
veryhardin nature.
varietyof colors.
extremelydurable.
slip-resistant .
Available indifferent sizes and shapes
Price : 15-80Rs per sq.ft

25. GRANITE FLOORING
graniteis composed of quartz and feldspar mixed with
particles of mica.
coarse-grained, light-colored
long life and easy to install
granitefloors are being used inareas which are used
every day.
Available indifferent sizes
Price : 30-100Rs per sq.ft

26. INSTALLATION PROCESS
1. 2.
3. 4.

27. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages Disadvantages
Veryhard in nature
Extremelydurable
Variety of colours
Formation of cracks
Regularwashing and cleaning
Weight of material

28. TIMBER
FLOORING

29. INTRODUCTION
 Timber flooring is any product
manufactured from timber that is
designed for use as flooring, either
structural or aesthetic.
 common choice as a flooring material due
to its environmental profile, durability, and
restorability.
 Used in interiors as well as exteriors.
 Divided into two categories:
1. SOLID
2. ENGINEERED

30. SOLID/HARDWOOD
ENGINEERED

31. LAYING
Over the finished floor,wooden planks with tongue and groove are placed.
The tongue and groove are jotted into each othersimilarly the whole flooring is laid.

32. APPLICATIONS
 Usually layed in interiors(bedroom, living
area, dining area, kitchen)and bathroom
excluding the wet areas.
 Used in skirting.
 Nowadays, Timber planks are widely used
in exteriors.
COST
 Ranges from Rs 60-Rs 600 per
square feet.

33. FINISHES
 WATER BASED:Appear clear and will resist turning
yellow over time.
1. They have a mild odor when applied, and will dry in
two to three hours.
2. Water-based finishes are very durable.
 OIL BASED:
1. appear amber in color.
2. They have a moderate odor when applied, and will
dry in about eight hours.
3. Produces sheen appearance of the floor.

34. MANUFACTURERS
O Major distributers of wooden flooring includes
China,germany,malaysia.
O The cheapest of them all is from china naming SPAN
dealing in oak and Merbau.

35. ADVANTAGES
EASY MAINTAINENCE:
 If taken care of,it lasts for many years,despite of much traffic and use.
 Easier to clean & get harder as they age, which makes them even easier to clean.
 Does’nt dust mites
DURABILITY
 Solid hardwood is among the longest lasting of all flooring types. With today’s flooring
finishes, these floors are also water resistant.
VARIETY:
 These are also easy to match to nearly any home style and design. There are a lot of
styles, colours and species of timber flooring available than ever before.
 Hardwood timber floors will always look good both in contemporary and traditional
interior design.

36. DISADVANTAGES
MAY SCRATCH
 A hardwood floor's finish is susceptible to scratching from
traffic or pet nails.
FULL BATH INSTALLATION NOT RECOMMENDED
 it is sensitive to humidity and the potential for pooling
water.
 Water from tubs and showers can cause hardwood floors to
buckle or warp.
LIMITED BELOW GRADE INSTALLATION
 not recommended for below grade installation due to
sensitive to humidity. These floors perform better in
humidity controlled environments.

37. CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING

38. INTRODUCTION
•The mixture
aggregate is c
(PCC)
r
•Plain cement concrete composition 1:2:4 (cement : sand : stone )
by volume Types of cement concrete floors:
Non-Monolithic or bonded floor finish floor
Monolithic floor finish floor
Monolithic floor finish
Non-Monolithic floor finish

39. COMPONENTS/INGREDIENTS
CEMENT SAND AGGREGATE
1 2 4

40. WHY USE PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE
FLOORING?
They are economical as they require
negligible maintenance cost
They can be finished with a pleasing
appearance.
Provide a smooth & non absorbent surface

41. STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION

42. Freeze-Thaw Effect
•Concrete is very strong in compression but
relatively weak in tension.
• It can and often does crack.
DEFECTS
Chemical Attack
Chemical attack can occur because concrete
is alkaline and chemically reactive.
Crazing
This is a network of very small surface cracks
usually spreading out over large areas or the
entire surface.
Scaling
thin flakes of concrete come loose and flake
or peel off the surface

43. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
They are hard & Durable Defect once developed cannot be
easily rectified
Provide a smooth & non absorbent
surface
Does not provide heat and sound
insulation
They are more fire resistant It cannot be satisfactorily repaired by
patch work
They provide more sanitary surface as
they can be cleaned & washed easily.
They are economical as they require
negligible maintenance cost

44. BRICK FLOORING
Floor that has brick /brick tile as its covering.
The flooring is done with laying bricks down in a
bed of mortar and arranged in a pattern.
Commonly used in alluvial places, where stone is
scarce and well burnt bricks of good quality are
readily available
•
•
•
•
Warehouses
Stores
Godowns
Places where heavy articles are stored

45. PATTERNS IN BRICK FLOORING
O The brick flooring may be done with bricks laid flat, or on
edge arranged in hearing-bone pattern, or set at right
angles to the walls.
O Brick-on edge is preferred to bricks laid flat, because the
former being less liable to crack under pressure than the
latter and also having the higher depth gives a greater
thickness in the former case to resist the moisture
penetration.

46. CHARACTERISTICS
Thelow maintenancerequirementsof brick flooring makeit
verypopular in kitchens.
Durability: Brick is oneof the hardest and most durable
flooring materials available. It requires little to no
maintenance,and an installation can last for years
Thetile is set insuch a way that whenit is installed it is very
difficult to detect a repeating pattern in thesurface.
This picture makesit clear that brick flooring is not confined to
squares and rectangles.

47. Promenade Brick Flooring Pattern on a Porch
Other
properties
 Color
 Texture
 Heat
 Slip
Resistant
 Hardness
 Replacem
ent
Brick Kitchen Flooring With Inlaid Pine Beams
SIZES
 Weight
• Bricks are available in a range of
thicknesses,40mm to 100mm.
• For domestic use ,the 50mm -60mm
units are suitable.
• Road construction -80 mm thick units.
• Airports, ports and freight yard-100mm
thick units.
Thin brick veneer as flooring

48. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

49. O Primarily used for architectural
purposes. But, now used in commercial
complexes, parking area and
community centres. These pavers are
offered in various designs and sizes.
DEFECTS
Cracks can occur as defect in brickwork, that can occur in due to:
Ground movement
Accident
Thermal movement
Brick Rot
APPLICATONS

50. MERITS AND DEMERITS
O Cheaper than Cement
concrete, wooden, mosaic
flooring.
• Slightly Uneven when
laid.
• The resulting surface
is not smooth and is
rough.
O Provides a non slippery and
fire resistant surface.
• Water absorbent.
• Installation requires
use of toxic materials.
O Easily repairable.
O Tough ,durable and
sufficiently hard.
O Easy in maintenance.
O Easy to construct.

51. VINYL FLOORING

52. SOMEBASIC VINYL FLOORING
1.THEROTILE
•
THISISATYPEOF VINYLTILE.
THISCANBEFIXED ON ANYAREAOF YOURHOME.
THISCOSTSAROUNDRS.60/SQ.FT.
2.BASIC VINYLSHEET
•
THISISAPLAINVINYLSHEET, MOSTLYUSEDINHOSPITALS
ANDINDUSTRIES.
•ONECANSELECT THEBASICCOLOUROF SHEET AND
CHOOSE SOME PRINTINGIMAGESOF ONE’SOWN
CHOICE.
THISCOSTSAROUNDRS.30/SQ.FT.

53. EMBOSSED
EMBOSSED VINYLFLOORING CANBE USEDINTHE
LIVING ROOM.
• UNLIKEOTHEREMBOSSED DESIGNS,THISISEASY
TO CLEANANDMAINTAIN.
THISCOSTSAROUNDRS.52– RS.120/SQ.FT.
PRINTED
PRINTEDVINYLFLOORING WILLBE AWESOMETO
LOOK. THEDESIGNSYOU GET INVINYLWILL NOT
EVEN BE AVAILABLEIN TILES, MARBLESAND
GRANITES.
THISWILL COSTYOUAROUNDRS.20–RS. 40/SQ.
FT.
.

54. 3.PVC VINYLFLOORING
•
CHOOSE PVC VINYLFLOORING FOR A CLASSICLOOK.
THISWILL COSTYOUAROUNDRS.80–RS. 100/SQ.FT.
4.ANTI– SKIP
THISFLOORING ISUSEDINBATHROOMS
THOUGHITISCHEAP ANDGOOD TOLOOK
ITIS VINYLITTENDSTOPEEL WHEN ITISPRONE TOWET.
5.TRANSPORTFLOORING
ONE CANUSETRANSPORTVINYLFLOORING INYOUR PARKIN
AREA ASITISMANUFACTUREDSPECIALLY FOR BARINGTHE
WEIGHTOF THEVEHICLE.

55. AVAILABILITY:
VINYLSHEETSAREAVAILABLEINROLLS ,HAVINGWIDTH 6’TO 12’WIDTH.
TYPICALVINYLTILESAREAVAILABLEINSIZESOF 1 SQFT.
VINYLPLANKSAREAVAILABLEINSIZESRANGINGFROM 0.25’BY 3’ OR LONGER
THEYGENERALLY HAVETHICKNESSOF 1MM,1.3MM,2MMAND3MM.
PRICERANGEVARIESFROM RS20TORS120/SQFT.
USES:
GENERALLY USEDINHOSPITALS WHERE MUCHOF CLEANLINESSISREQUIRED.
ITIS INSTALLEDINCHILDRENROOMS TOAVOID ACCIDENTS.
ITIS INSTALLEDINBLOOD BANKS.
IT ISALSO INSTALLEDINHOTELSOF HOMES ,WHERE EVERDESIRED.

56. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•VINYLLFLOORING WITHNONWAX COATINGHAS
AN EASY TENDENCYOF WEARINGOUT.
•FREEDOM OF AESTHETICEFFECTS –
AVAILABLEINAWIDERANGEOFCOLOURS
ANDPATTERNS •VINYLFLOORINGCANNOTWITHSTANDMUCHOF
WATEROF CHEMICAL CLEANSERS
•EASE OF INSTALLATION,EASY TOCLEAN
•EASILYRECYCLABLE
•VINYLFLOORING TENDTODISCOLOUROR FADE
AWAY WHEN EXPOSED TOTOOMUCHOF SUNLIGHT.
•TYPICALVINYLFLOORING CANNOTWITHSTAND
MUCHPULLINGOR PUSHINGOF OBJECTSOR SHARP
OBJECTS.
•VARIABLETHICKNESS
•LIGHTWEIGHT.
•DURABLE
•PROVIDESUSWITHRANGEOF CHOICE.

57. VINYLFLOORING WEAR LAYERS
VINYLNO–WAX:
THELEASTDURABLEOF THETHREE, YOURFLOOR WILL NONETHELESSRESIST
SCRAPES, SCUFFS,ANDSOME STAINS.
REQUIREDMAINTENANCEINCLUDESREGULARWASHING
A GOOD POLISHINGFROM TIMETOTIMETORESTORESHINE.
URETHANE (PVC):
URETHANESURFACESWILL KEEP THEIR"LIKENEW"APPEARANCELONGERTHA
MOST VINYLNO–WAX SURFACES,ASWELL ASRESIST STAINS,SCRAPES, SCUFFS
ANDHEEL MARKS.
ITHASA MORETEXTUREDSURFACE,WHICHSOMETIMESSIMULATESTILEOR
STONEPATTERNS.
ENHANCEDURETHANE:
THISMOSTDURABLEOF WEAR LAYERSRESISTSSTAININGFROM MANY
COMMON HOUSEHOLD ELEMENTS.
SINCEGRIMEANDDIRTWILL NOTSTICKTOTHISTYPEOF SURFACE.
THEONLYMAINTENANCENEEDED ISANOCCASIONALSWEEP OR MOPPING.

58. INSTALLATION OF VINLY
FLOORING
1.Create a paper template.
2.Tape the paper template to the underlayment.
3.Mark the underlayment and
place the template on the flooring.

59. 5. Glue down the floor.
4. Cut the flooring.
6. Press down the flooring.
7. Apply Caulk.

60. MAINTAINANCE
•THE VINYL FLOORS SHOULD FIRST BE DUSTEDAND THEN
DAMP-MOPPED.
• MICROFIBER CLOTHS AND MOPSARE ABLE TO SOAK7 TO 10
TIMESTHEIR WEIGHT INLIQUIDAND ARE EXCELLENT AT
TRAPPING DEBRIS AND DUST
•ONE SHOULD NOT "DRENCH"THE VINYL. WATER CANWORK
ITS WAY INTO CRACKSAND SEAMS WHEN AMOP ISTOO WET,
DESTROYING THE GLUE.
• THIS CAUSESTHE VINYL TO COMELOOSEAND/OR CORNERS
TO CURLUP.
•OVER-USEOF CLEANING CHEMICALSON NO-WAX VINYL WILL
CAUSEAFILM OVER THESURFACE.
"IT GETS STICKYAND ACTUALLY ATTRACTS THE DIRT,"

61. Market Survey
Shopname:Hindustan
Sanitary& TileEmporium
Address:F-57,FBlock, Sector
9,Noida,Uttar Pradesh
201301

62. These tiles areimported from Gujarat
Brands available were- Kajaria, Orient, Somany,
Junction

63. Starting price was Rs. 25 per sq feet
Sizes availablewere- 2*2, 32*32, 4*2
(inches)

64. Shop Name
Tiles Gallery
Location
Nafees Road, Batla House, Near
Hari Masjid, Okhla, NewDelhi –
25

65. Tiles are
imported from
Gujarat.

66. Different
types of
textures are
available in
the shop.

67. Sizes – 2 by 2 Sq feet, 2 by 4 Sq feet, 8 by 10 Sq feet, 12
by 12 Sq feet,12 by 18 Sq feet, 12 by 24 Sq feet, 10 by
12 Sq feet.
Costs – 2 by 2 - ₹ 400
2 by 4 - ₹ 500
12 by 12 - ₹ 120
8 by 12 - ₹ 180
16 by 16 - ₹ 200

68. Shop Name – Raj
Marbles and Granite
Location- Jasola
Village, New Delhi - 25

69. Marbles are
formed from
metamorphic
rocks.

70. Different types of
Marbles

71. Shop Name – M/S City
Home Furnishing
Location- Dhamera
Road Bulandshar

72. Different types of tiles are
available in the shop.
Prices defer from 38Rs,42Rs,50Rs/sq feet