ROOFING TERMINOLOGY TYPES OF ROOF TYPES OF PITCHED ROOF

1. TIMBER ROOF
LEAN TO ROOF
BY JNANESH PREETHAN

2. TIMBER ROOF
■Roof the uppermost part of the building,
provided as a structural covering,to
protect the building from weather.
■A timber roof truss is a structural
framework of timbers designed to bridge
the space above a room and to provide
support for a roof.
■The roof coverings may be A.C. sheets,
G.I. sheets, wooden shingles, tiles, slab
itself.

3. REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF
● It should be durable against the adverse
effects of various agencies such as wind, rain,
sun etc.
● The roof structure should be strong and stable
enough to take up the anticipated loads safely
including wind load.
● The roof designed according to may if provide
daylight in buildings with large floor area.
● It should have efficient arrangement. water-
proofing
● It should provide adequate insulation against
sound and adequate thermal insulation.

4. ROOFING TERMINOLOGY

5. Gable The triangular upper part of a wall
closing the end of a ridged roof
Hip The external angle at the junction of two
sides of a roof whose supporting wall adjoin.
Valley The less-than 180-degree angle where
two sloping roof sections come together
Joist In a flat roof, a horizontal structural
member over which sheathing is nailed

6. Flashing Sheet metal or other material used
at junctions of different planes on a roof to
prevent leakage.
Rafter A structural member (usually slanted)
to which sheathing is nailed
Fascia Trim board behind the gutter and
eaves.
Soffit The boards that enclose the underside
of that portion of the roof which extends out
beyond the sidewalls of the house.
Drip The strip of metal extending out beyond
the eaves to prevent rainwater from rolling
around the shingles back onto

7. TYPES OF ROOF
•Pitched or Sloping Roof -The roof having slope surface.
•Flat Roof or Terrace Roof-A roof is designated as flat if its slope
is less than ten degrees.
•Shell Roofs or curved Roof-A roof designed in curved shape
SLOPED ROOF FLAT ROOF
CURVED ROOF

8. TYPES OF PITCHED ROOF
Single Roofs
➢Lean-to-Roof
➢Couple Roof
➢Couple-close Roof
➢Collar beam Roof or
Collar tie Roof
Double or Purlin Roof
Framed or Trussed Roof
➢King Post Roof Truss
➢Queen Post Roof Truss
➢Combination of king-post
& queen-post truss
➢Mansard roof Truss
➢Truncated roof Truss
➢ Bel-fast roof Truss or
latticed roof Truss
➢ Composite roof Truss
➢ Steel sloping roof Truss

9. LEAN TO ROOF
● It is the simplest form of a pitched
roof and it is known as pent roof.
● In this type of roof, The wall of one
side of the room is taken higher
than the wall on the other side to
give necessary slope to the roof.
● A lean-to roof is generally used for
sheds, out houses attached to
main buildings verandah etc.
● This is suitable for a maximum
span of 2.4m..

10. ■This lean to roof is constructed against an existing wall or other roof.
■Main use of this roof is for constructing sheds, simple extensions, car
ports, for covering verandahs, etc. When any storage building will require
additional space than the lean to roof is constructed with existing wall.
■Construction of lean to roof is easy and inexpensive.
■Due to slope of the roof, water and snow easily run off and reduces
necessary extra waterproofing.
■So this roof is best for constructing in high rainfall and snowfall regions.
This may be done either as a part of original construction or even during
execution after some year.
■In this roof, the roof covers may be of Mangalore tiles, A.C sheets or even
pre-coated sheet and this roofing sheet also add beauty to the structure
apart from it functional use.
■This roof is not adequate for a long span where its width is more as
minimum clearance of 2.0 m to 2.5 m at eaves level is needed.

11. BASIC ELEMENTS
BATTENS: These are thin strips of wood
which are fixed on the common rafters
CORBEL STONES: allow buildings to hold
weight bearing structures that project out
horizontally from a wall.
EAVES BOARD: This is a wooden board
fixed to the feet of the common rafters at
eaves
COMMON RAFTER:These are the
intermediate rafters, which give support to
the roof coverings.