This document discusses fitness during pregnancy and the postpartum period. It covers the physiological, biomechanical, and emotional changes that occur during each trimester of pregnancy, labor, and the postnatal period. It provides goals and guidelines for exercise during each stage to promote health and wellness. Exercise recommendations include walking, swimming, and stationary cycling. The document also discusses managing common discomforts like back pain, pelvic pain, varicose veins and hemorrhoids. Relaxation techniques to reduce stress are also covered.
This document discusses goals and techniques for chest mobilization. The goals are to maintain or improve mobility of the chest wall, trunk, and shoulders when affected by tightness or other issues. This can improve ventilation. Techniques described include stretching tight muscles while taking deep breaths, and leaning forward during expiration to push internal organs up against the diaphragm. Specific chest mobilization techniques involve movements like bending, lateral flexion, rotation, arm movements, and pulling the knees to the chest while breathing. Contraindications include rib fractures, bone cancer, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, hernias, severe pain, and unstable vital signs.
This document provides information about antenatal physiotherapy including its aims, guidelines, exercises and common discomforts during pregnancy. The aims are to improve mother and baby's health and ensure they are prepared for labor, lactation and infant care. Guidelines include warming up, avoiding jerky movements, and stopping exercises if pain occurs. The exercise plan progresses from warm up to aerobic to strengthening and relaxation. Common discomforts like nausea, heartburn and backache are discussed with tips for management.
Coping strategies in labour, Helps to copp up with the pain in the labour, with the relaxation techniqiues mentioned, helps to prevent mother from psychological disorders.
This document provides information on preoperative and postoperative physiotherapy assessment for pulmonary surgery patients. The preoperative assessment involves collecting subjective and objective information on the patient's medical history and functional status to create a treatment plan and reduce complications. The postoperative assessment examines the surgery details and any complications while monitoring pain, breathing, circulation, mobility and other factors to aid the patient's recovery. Physiotherapy focuses on regaining strength, mobility and functional independence through techniques like breathing exercises and range of motion.
Physiotherapy in antenatal & post natal careVenus Pagare
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During antenatal care, physiotherapists provide exercises to prevent or treat musculoskeletal issues, educate on proper posture and lifestyle, and prepare women for labor through relaxation techniques. Postnatally, physiotherapists focus on restoring muscle strength through an exercise program, treating issues like perineal pain, and educating on proper posture while caring for a baby.
food intake varies with every type of individual, so here are some food tips which can keep you healthy, stay fit and delay the age occurring degeneration, though along with proper food intake exercise is must.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy for geriatric patients. It discusses assessing patients, setting goals, and therapeutic interventions. The assessment involves a full history, physical exam, and evaluation of functional status. Goals aim to improve mobility, strength, and quality of life. Therapeutic interventions may include range of motion, stretching, strengthening, aerobic exercise, and gait training exercises. Orthotics and reassessment are also discussed.
effect of ex on various systems , adaptations.pptxdevanshi92
Regular physical activity can help maintain body composition and cardiovascular health in adolescents. A study compared anthropometric measures, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness between adolescent athletes and physically active non-athletes. No differences were found in anthropometric or body composition measures between groups. However, athletes had lower diastolic blood pressure and higher VO2 max, indicating regular training provides additional cardiovascular benefits. Lung function is also generally higher in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes due to training effects. Moderate exercise boosts mucosal immunity by increasing IgA, while prolonged, intensive exercise or overtraining can suppress it.
This document discusses goals and techniques for chest mobilization. The goals are to maintain or improve mobility of the chest wall, trunk, and shoulders when affected by tightness or other issues. This can improve ventilation. Techniques described include stretching tight muscles while taking deep breaths, and leaning forward during expiration to push internal organs up against the diaphragm. Specific chest mobilization techniques involve movements like bending, lateral flexion, rotation, arm movements, and pulling the knees to the chest while breathing. Contraindications include rib fractures, bone cancer, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, hernias, severe pain, and unstable vital signs.
This document provides information about antenatal physiotherapy including its aims, guidelines, exercises and common discomforts during pregnancy. The aims are to improve mother and baby's health and ensure they are prepared for labor, lactation and infant care. Guidelines include warming up, avoiding jerky movements, and stopping exercises if pain occurs. The exercise plan progresses from warm up to aerobic to strengthening and relaxation. Common discomforts like nausea, heartburn and backache are discussed with tips for management.
Coping strategies in labour, Helps to copp up with the pain in the labour, with the relaxation techniqiues mentioned, helps to prevent mother from psychological disorders.
This document provides information on preoperative and postoperative physiotherapy assessment for pulmonary surgery patients. The preoperative assessment involves collecting subjective and objective information on the patient's medical history and functional status to create a treatment plan and reduce complications. The postoperative assessment examines the surgery details and any complications while monitoring pain, breathing, circulation, mobility and other factors to aid the patient's recovery. Physiotherapy focuses on regaining strength, mobility and functional independence through techniques like breathing exercises and range of motion.
Physiotherapy in antenatal & post natal careVenus Pagare
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During antenatal care, physiotherapists provide exercises to prevent or treat musculoskeletal issues, educate on proper posture and lifestyle, and prepare women for labor through relaxation techniques. Postnatally, physiotherapists focus on restoring muscle strength through an exercise program, treating issues like perineal pain, and educating on proper posture while caring for a baby.
food intake varies with every type of individual, so here are some food tips which can keep you healthy, stay fit and delay the age occurring degeneration, though along with proper food intake exercise is must.
This document provides an overview of physiotherapy for geriatric patients. It discusses assessing patients, setting goals, and therapeutic interventions. The assessment involves a full history, physical exam, and evaluation of functional status. Goals aim to improve mobility, strength, and quality of life. Therapeutic interventions may include range of motion, stretching, strengthening, aerobic exercise, and gait training exercises. Orthotics and reassessment are also discussed.
effect of ex on various systems , adaptations.pptxdevanshi92
Regular physical activity can help maintain body composition and cardiovascular health in adolescents. A study compared anthropometric measures, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness between adolescent athletes and physically active non-athletes. No differences were found in anthropometric or body composition measures between groups. However, athletes had lower diastolic blood pressure and higher VO2 max, indicating regular training provides additional cardiovascular benefits. Lung function is also generally higher in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes due to training effects. Moderate exercise boosts mucosal immunity by increasing IgA, while prolonged, intensive exercise or overtraining can suppress it.
- The ACL originates on the lateral femoral condyle and inserts on the tibia, providing primary stability to prevent anterior tibial translation.
- Most ACL tears are non-contact injuries involving sudden deceleration, change of direction, or landing from a jump with the knee near full extension.
- Physical exam includes Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests to assess knee stability. MRI is used to confirm ACL tear.
- Treatment options include conservative rehab for partial or low-grade tears or ACL reconstruction surgery using grafts like patellar tendon or hamstring tendons fixed with interference screws. Post-op rehab emphasizes early range of motion and weight bearing.
The document provides an overview of the McKenzie method for assessing and treating musculoskeletal pain. It describes the key concepts of centralization and peripheralization and how patients' pain responses to specific movements can help classify their condition as a postural syndrome, dysfunction syndrome, or derangement syndrome. Treatment generally involves repeated movements and positioning to encourage centralization of pain. Precautions are taken to avoid worsening a patient's pain. The McKenzie method examines both spinal and extremity issues through detailed mechanical diagnosis and management.
Physiotherapy options for coping with labour (2)amrit kaur
Physiotherapists can help women cope with labor through various techniques including relaxation, breathing methods, positioning, massage, and other strategies. Relaxation is important for reducing pain and tension during labor. Breathing techniques aim to provide oxygen, reduce pain, induce relaxation, and act as a distraction. Different breathing patterns are recommended for the first, second, and third stages of labor to best assist the birthing process.
This document provides information on developing a moderate exercise program for managing diabetes, including 7 major components of an exercise routine: warm up, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, cool down, and body composition. It outlines the benefits of exercise for diabetes, defines moderate intensity, and provides guidance for each component, exercise prescription and safety considerations.
Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
Factors that influence muscle strength include energy stores and blood supply, fatigue, recovery from exercise, age, gender, and psychological factors. Muscle requires adequate energy and blood flow to contract and resist fatigue. Fatigue occurs from repeated contractions and diminishes muscle response over time. Recovery allows oxygen and energy stores to replenish while waste is removed from 1 hour to several days after exercise depending on the factor. Strength is also affected by age, gender, and psychological states that can positively or negatively impact movement ability and effort.
This document provides an overview of prosthesis for both lower and upper limb amputations. It discusses the key components and considerations for lower limb prosthetics including the socket, suspension, knee joints, shank, and ankle-foot assemblies. Different types of knee joints and feet are described, including the SACH foot and Jaipur foot. For upper limb prosthetics, it outlines the socket, suspension, arm section, elbow mechanism, wrist unit, terminal devices, and power transmission systems. The document also discusses pre-prosthetic preparation and fabrication process for lower limb prosthetics.
Roles and Characteristics of PhysiotherapistsSreeraj S R
This document outlines the various roles and responsibilities of physical therapists. It discusses that physical therapists should have skills in communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and establishing relationships with patients. The primary role of a physical therapist is to provide direct patient care to improve movement and function through treatment, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Physical therapists work at various levels of care from primary to tertiary and employ a patient management model involving examination, evaluation, diagnosis, intervention, and outcomes assessment. They may also take on roles as consultants, educators, administrators, managers, and critical inquirers applying scientific research to practice.
Diastasis Recti - How to Overcome the After-Baby Body at Any Age
What is a Diastasis and how do you fix/prevent it? What do you do if you have a diastasis?
Kinetics and Kinematics of Gait summarizes gait terminology, phases, joint motion, determinants, and the kinetics and kinematics of the trunk and upper extremities during gait. It describes the six determinants of gait including pelvic rotation and tilting, knee flexion in stance, and foot and knee mechanisms which function to minimize center of gravity displacement. The document also outlines the muscle activity, internal joint moments, and energy requirements including potential and kinetic energy exchange during the gait cycle.
Running requires greater balance, muscle strength, and joint range of movement than walking. There are three phases to the running cycle: stance, swing, and float. During running, the ground reaction force can increase to 250% of body weight. The kinematics of running involve hip flexion at heel strike and extension at toe off, knee flexion during loading and extension before toe off, and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike and plantarflexion throughout stance phase. Key muscles like gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius are active at different parts of the running cycle to provide shock absorption, balance, forward propulsion, and control of changes in direction.
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
PROFESSIONAL ISSUES [INCLUDING ETHICS] IN PHYSIOTHERAPY SRSSreeraj S R
The document discusses the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) and its role in establishing standards for the physical therapy profession worldwide. It outlines WCPT's objectives, executive committee, secretariat, subgroups, guidelines for practice, and ethical principles. It also discusses the need for a regulatory council in India to maintain standards and investigate complaints, and outlines the constitution and functions of the Indian Association of Physiotherapists, including its aims, objectives, membership types, and central executive council.
The document discusses the biomechanics of respiration including the structure and function of the ribs, ribcage muscles, and accessory muscles involved in breathing. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration and contracts to increase the vertical diameter of the thorax. The external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs during inspiration while the internal intercostals depress the ribs during expiration. Accessory muscles such as the scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectorals assist with forced breathing by stabilizing the ribcage and sternum.
This document discusses various field tests that can be used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness without expensive equipment. It describes distance run tests like the 1-mile or 12-minute run that evaluate aerobic capacity. Walking tests and step tests are also covered that involve measuring heart rate before and after the activity. The document provides details on administering selected tests and measuring pulse rates accurately.
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) affects the inner part of the shinbone. It is common in athletes and those with flat feet or who overpronate. Risk factors include shoes with poor support. Treatment involves stretching the calf, shin, and hamstrings as well as strengthening exercises. Anti-inflammatory medications, ice, braces, and rest can also help relieve pain. Surgery is rare and a last resort for persistent MTSS that does not improve with conservative treatment.
This document discusses ethics in physiotherapy. It outlines seven principles of ethics: selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty, and leadership. It also discusses moving from an "ethics of trust" to an "ethics of rights" approach. Some ethical issues in physiotherapy are discussed like using uncalibrated equipment or treating certain patients. The four main principles of ethics - nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and respect for autonomy - are also outlined. The document concludes with guidelines for ethical behavior and sources for further information on physiotherapy ethics.
This document outlines an ACL reconstruction rehabilitation protocol with the following key phases:
1. The preoperative phase focuses on controlling pain and swelling, restoring range of motion through various exercises, and developing muscle strength before surgery.
2. Understanding the surgery involves a local anesthetic injection for pain control, potential use of a drainage tube, and a Cryocuff being applied before leaving the operating room.
3. The postoperative phases involve strict guidelines for range of motion and strength exercises over the first 6-12 months to ensure a full recovery, including the use of crutches, bracing, cycling and other low-impact activities.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in cancer rehabilitation by addressing physical, psychological, social, and vocational impairments caused by cancer and its treatments. Cancer patients often experience side effects like fatigue, pain, sleep problems, and reduced muscular and cardiopulmonary function after treatments. Physiotherapy aims to prevent disability, restore function, provide support, and relieve palliative symptoms through exercises like aerobic activity, Pilates, stretching, tai chi, and resistance training. Exercise prescriptions must be individualized based on a patient's health status and tailored to their needs to be safe and effective in cancer rehabilitation.
International classification of functioning, disability and healthHetvi Shukla
The document provides an overview of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It describes the ICF as a WHO framework for classifying health and health-related domains to establish a common language for disability. The ICF classification includes components on body functions, structures, activities, participation, and environmental/personal factors. The document outlines the development, aims, applications and coding guidelines of the ICF to provide a standardized system for assessing functioning and disability.
The document discusses orthotic devices, including their purposes, types, materials, design considerations, and more. Some key points:
- Orthotic devices are externally applied to parts of the body to correct deformities, limit motion, relieve pain, and improve function. Common types include braces and splints.
- Indications for orthotics include pain relief, immobilization, deformity correction, symptom relief, unloading axial forces, and improving or assisting movement.
- Design considerations include weight, adjustability, function, cost, durability, fit, donning/doffing ease, and ventilation.
- Effects may include decreased pain, increased strength/function, improved proprioception and
- The ACL originates on the lateral femoral condyle and inserts on the tibia, providing primary stability to prevent anterior tibial translation.
- Most ACL tears are non-contact injuries involving sudden deceleration, change of direction, or landing from a jump with the knee near full extension.
- Physical exam includes Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests to assess knee stability. MRI is used to confirm ACL tear.
- Treatment options include conservative rehab for partial or low-grade tears or ACL reconstruction surgery using grafts like patellar tendon or hamstring tendons fixed with interference screws. Post-op rehab emphasizes early range of motion and weight bearing.
The document provides an overview of the McKenzie method for assessing and treating musculoskeletal pain. It describes the key concepts of centralization and peripheralization and how patients' pain responses to specific movements can help classify their condition as a postural syndrome, dysfunction syndrome, or derangement syndrome. Treatment generally involves repeated movements and positioning to encourage centralization of pain. Precautions are taken to avoid worsening a patient's pain. The McKenzie method examines both spinal and extremity issues through detailed mechanical diagnosis and management.
Physiotherapy options for coping with labour (2)amrit kaur
Physiotherapists can help women cope with labor through various techniques including relaxation, breathing methods, positioning, massage, and other strategies. Relaxation is important for reducing pain and tension during labor. Breathing techniques aim to provide oxygen, reduce pain, induce relaxation, and act as a distraction. Different breathing patterns are recommended for the first, second, and third stages of labor to best assist the birthing process.
This document provides information on developing a moderate exercise program for managing diabetes, including 7 major components of an exercise routine: warm up, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, balance, cool down, and body composition. It outlines the benefits of exercise for diabetes, defines moderate intensity, and provides guidance for each component, exercise prescription and safety considerations.
Muscle energy technique, a manual therapy technique with a long term history and 8 variations which can be used in various condition to treat muscle as well as joints. This slide show consists of detailed history, variations/types and summary of MET in detail.
Factors that influence muscle strength include energy stores and blood supply, fatigue, recovery from exercise, age, gender, and psychological factors. Muscle requires adequate energy and blood flow to contract and resist fatigue. Fatigue occurs from repeated contractions and diminishes muscle response over time. Recovery allows oxygen and energy stores to replenish while waste is removed from 1 hour to several days after exercise depending on the factor. Strength is also affected by age, gender, and psychological states that can positively or negatively impact movement ability and effort.
This document provides an overview of prosthesis for both lower and upper limb amputations. It discusses the key components and considerations for lower limb prosthetics including the socket, suspension, knee joints, shank, and ankle-foot assemblies. Different types of knee joints and feet are described, including the SACH foot and Jaipur foot. For upper limb prosthetics, it outlines the socket, suspension, arm section, elbow mechanism, wrist unit, terminal devices, and power transmission systems. The document also discusses pre-prosthetic preparation and fabrication process for lower limb prosthetics.
Roles and Characteristics of PhysiotherapistsSreeraj S R
This document outlines the various roles and responsibilities of physical therapists. It discusses that physical therapists should have skills in communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and establishing relationships with patients. The primary role of a physical therapist is to provide direct patient care to improve movement and function through treatment, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Physical therapists work at various levels of care from primary to tertiary and employ a patient management model involving examination, evaluation, diagnosis, intervention, and outcomes assessment. They may also take on roles as consultants, educators, administrators, managers, and critical inquirers applying scientific research to practice.
Diastasis Recti - How to Overcome the After-Baby Body at Any Age
What is a Diastasis and how do you fix/prevent it? What do you do if you have a diastasis?
Kinetics and Kinematics of Gait summarizes gait terminology, phases, joint motion, determinants, and the kinetics and kinematics of the trunk and upper extremities during gait. It describes the six determinants of gait including pelvic rotation and tilting, knee flexion in stance, and foot and knee mechanisms which function to minimize center of gravity displacement. The document also outlines the muscle activity, internal joint moments, and energy requirements including potential and kinetic energy exchange during the gait cycle.
Running requires greater balance, muscle strength, and joint range of movement than walking. There are three phases to the running cycle: stance, swing, and float. During running, the ground reaction force can increase to 250% of body weight. The kinematics of running involve hip flexion at heel strike and extension at toe off, knee flexion during loading and extension before toe off, and ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike and plantarflexion throughout stance phase. Key muscles like gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius are active at different parts of the running cycle to provide shock absorption, balance, forward propulsion, and control of changes in direction.
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
PROFESSIONAL ISSUES [INCLUDING ETHICS] IN PHYSIOTHERAPY SRSSreeraj S R
The document discusses the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) and its role in establishing standards for the physical therapy profession worldwide. It outlines WCPT's objectives, executive committee, secretariat, subgroups, guidelines for practice, and ethical principles. It also discusses the need for a regulatory council in India to maintain standards and investigate complaints, and outlines the constitution and functions of the Indian Association of Physiotherapists, including its aims, objectives, membership types, and central executive council.
The document discusses the biomechanics of respiration including the structure and function of the ribs, ribcage muscles, and accessory muscles involved in breathing. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration and contracts to increase the vertical diameter of the thorax. The external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs during inspiration while the internal intercostals depress the ribs during expiration. Accessory muscles such as the scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectorals assist with forced breathing by stabilizing the ribcage and sternum.
This document discusses various field tests that can be used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness without expensive equipment. It describes distance run tests like the 1-mile or 12-minute run that evaluate aerobic capacity. Walking tests and step tests are also covered that involve measuring heart rate before and after the activity. The document provides details on administering selected tests and measuring pulse rates accurately.
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) affects the inner part of the shinbone. It is common in athletes and those with flat feet or who overpronate. Risk factors include shoes with poor support. Treatment involves stretching the calf, shin, and hamstrings as well as strengthening exercises. Anti-inflammatory medications, ice, braces, and rest can also help relieve pain. Surgery is rare and a last resort for persistent MTSS that does not improve with conservative treatment.
This document discusses ethics in physiotherapy. It outlines seven principles of ethics: selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty, and leadership. It also discusses moving from an "ethics of trust" to an "ethics of rights" approach. Some ethical issues in physiotherapy are discussed like using uncalibrated equipment or treating certain patients. The four main principles of ethics - nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and respect for autonomy - are also outlined. The document concludes with guidelines for ethical behavior and sources for further information on physiotherapy ethics.
This document outlines an ACL reconstruction rehabilitation protocol with the following key phases:
1. The preoperative phase focuses on controlling pain and swelling, restoring range of motion through various exercises, and developing muscle strength before surgery.
2. Understanding the surgery involves a local anesthetic injection for pain control, potential use of a drainage tube, and a Cryocuff being applied before leaving the operating room.
3. The postoperative phases involve strict guidelines for range of motion and strength exercises over the first 6-12 months to ensure a full recovery, including the use of crutches, bracing, cycling and other low-impact activities.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in cancer rehabilitation by addressing physical, psychological, social, and vocational impairments caused by cancer and its treatments. Cancer patients often experience side effects like fatigue, pain, sleep problems, and reduced muscular and cardiopulmonary function after treatments. Physiotherapy aims to prevent disability, restore function, provide support, and relieve palliative symptoms through exercises like aerobic activity, Pilates, stretching, tai chi, and resistance training. Exercise prescriptions must be individualized based on a patient's health status and tailored to their needs to be safe and effective in cancer rehabilitation.
International classification of functioning, disability and healthHetvi Shukla
The document provides an overview of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It describes the ICF as a WHO framework for classifying health and health-related domains to establish a common language for disability. The ICF classification includes components on body functions, structures, activities, participation, and environmental/personal factors. The document outlines the development, aims, applications and coding guidelines of the ICF to provide a standardized system for assessing functioning and disability.
The document discusses orthotic devices, including their purposes, types, materials, design considerations, and more. Some key points:
- Orthotic devices are externally applied to parts of the body to correct deformities, limit motion, relieve pain, and improve function. Common types include braces and splints.
- Indications for orthotics include pain relief, immobilization, deformity correction, symptom relief, unloading axial forces, and improving or assisting movement.
- Design considerations include weight, adjustability, function, cost, durability, fit, donning/doffing ease, and ventilation.
- Effects may include decreased pain, increased strength/function, improved proprioception and
This document provides an overview of lower limb prosthetics. It defines prosthetics as devices that replace missing limbs and discusses their aims of restoring function and mobility. It describes the common levels of lower limb amputation as transtibial and transfemoral. The key components of a lower limb prosthesis are then outlined as the socket, suspension system, knee joint, shank/pylon, and foot/terminal device. Issues related to prosthesis use like skin problems, pain, and ineffective suspension are also summarized.
The document discusses upper limb orthosis, devices used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the upper limb. It covers the objectives of upper limb orthosis including protection, correction, and assistance. It also discusses the classification, biomechanics, principles, and assessment of upper limb orthosis and provides descriptions and examples of specific upper limb orthoses including shoulder orthoses, arm slings, arm abduction orthoses, elbow/forearm/wrist orthoses, and elbow or wrist mobilization orthoses.
This document provides information on various therapeutic modalities and psychosocial interventions including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), psychotherapies, group therapies, and biophysical interventions. It describes the procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of ECT. It also discusses individual psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy, education groups, support groups, and self-help groups.
Therapeutic modalities such as heat and cold therapies are used to manage injury and promote healing. Cold modalities like ice reduce inflammation and pain through vasoconstriction. Heat increases blood flow and circulation to aid healing. Modalities must be appropriately timed and balanced to support healing without hindering it. Examples of cold modalities include ice packs and contrast baths, while heat modalities include whirlpools, paraffin baths, and ultrasound. Electrical stimulation like TENS and interferential current can also reduce pain and swelling and promote muscle recovery.
The document discusses several studies that analyzed biomechanics during stair climbing. SAMANTHA M. REID et al. (2007) found that alternate stair ambulation patterns like step-by-step lead-leg and trail-leg had higher knee loads than traditional step-over-step. M. Spanjaard et al. (2008) examined how increasing step-height and body mass influenced lower limb biomechanics during descent. Centro di Bioingegneria et al. (2002) investigated biomechanics at different stair inclinations. Additional studies analyzed kinematics of ascending and descending, differentiated patterns between young and older adults, and identified normal parameters in young individuals.
Orthosis are devices used to support weak joints and correct deformities. They work by applying three point pressure and distributing weight across a wide surface area. Common orthosis include ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which support the ankle and foot, knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) which stabilize the knee and lower leg, and hip knee ankle foot orthosis (HKAFO) which provide support from the hip to the foot. Orthosis are made of plastic or metal and their design depends on the joints needing support and the individual's condition.
Lower limb orthoses assist with gait, reduce pain, decrease weight bearing, control movement, and minimize deformities. They include foot orthoses and ankle-foot orthoses. Foot orthoses affect ground forces and gait rotation, and are used to treat various foot conditions like pes planus, pes cavus, metatarsalgia, and heel pain. Ankle-foot orthoses control ankle motion and provide stability, and include metal and plastic designs with options for plantar stops, dorsiflexion stops, and dorsiflexion assists.
This document discusses different types of prosthetics including transtibial, transfemoral, and transradial prosthetics which replace legs below the knee, above the knee, and arms below the elbow. It also mentions body-powered arms, myoelectric prosthetics, robotic limbs, and direct bone attachment techniques for prosthetics.
This document discusses upper limb prosthetics. It describes the characteristics of a successful prosthesis, considerations when choosing a prosthesis, reasons for upper limb amputations, amputation levels, types of prosthetics including cosmetic, functional, body-powered, externally powered and myoelectric prosthetics. It provides details on the typical components of an upper limb body-powered prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control cables, terminal devices and any intervening joint components. It outlines the timelines for amputation and prosthetic fitting.
Spinal orthotics are external devices that limit spinal motion, correct deformities, reduce loading, or improve spinal function. They include flexible braces made of fabric or elastic and rigid braces made of thermoplastics or metals. Cervical collars come in soft and hard varieties and are used for neck injuries or post-operatively. Thoracic-lumbar-sacral orthoses (TLSO) and lumbosacral corsets (LSO) are used for lumbar injuries or fractures. The halo cervical orthosis provides the greatest cervical immobilization using pins in the skull. Drawbacks of orthotics include discomfort, skin issues, and decreased function with prolonged use.
A prosthesis is an artificial replacement for any part of the body that is missing. It is designed to replace the function and appearance of the missing limb as much as possible. Prostheses for lower and upper limb amputations are prescribed based on the level and cause of amputation. The main components of a prosthesis are the socket, suspension system, control system, and terminal device. The socket provides an intimate fit with the residual limb. Suspension systems like belts and harnesses help hold the prosthesis securely. Control systems can be body-powered using cables or externally powered using batteries. Terminal devices replace missing hands or feet. The goal is to restore ambulation and functional tasks using a prosthesis.
This document describes various types of lower limb prostheses. It discusses partial foot prostheses, Syme's prosthesis, transtibial prostheses, transfemoral prostheses, knee disarticulation, and hip disarticulation prostheses. For transtibial prostheses, it outlines the components which include the foot-ankle assembly, socket, shank, and suspension. It also describes the types and purposes of various prosthetic feet and knees. For transfemoral prostheses, it discusses the components of the prosthesis and types of sockets and suspension systems.
- Muscle strength is directly proportional to muscle cross-sectional area and is affected by factors like muscle length, velocity of contraction, and the type of contraction (eccentric, concentric, isometric).
- Common techniques to increase strength include progressive resistance exercise programs (DeLorme, Oxford) and exercising to muscle fatigue with both high and low weight.
- Physical agent modalities like heat, cold, ultrasound, electrical stimulation and massage can be used to treat muscle and joint conditions. Precautions must be followed for each modality.
- Manipulation techniques like mobilization, muscle energy and counterstrain are commonly used by physiotherapists to restore joint range of motion. Risks are generally
This document provides an overview of the history and types of spinal orthoses. It begins with a brief history of spinal orthotic use dating back to ancient times. It then describes various types of cervical, cervicothoracic, and thoracolumbosacral orthoses, including their indications, biomechanics, design features, and how they control spinal motion. Examples of custom-fit and prefabricated options are discussed. The document concludes with descriptions of specific orthosis designs like the halo, SOMI, and TLSO and how they immobilize different spinal regions.
Regular exercise during pregnancy provides several health benefits such as reducing backaches, preventing gestational diabetes, and improving mood and energy levels. While pregnant, it is safest to avoid high-impact activities like downhill skiing, contact sports, and scuba diving due to risks of falling or lack of oxygen. Low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, cycling, and modified running are generally safe. It is important to listen to your body and stop exercising if you experience symptoms like dizziness, bleeding, or decreased fetal movement.
1. Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care by addressing musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyles, providing education on posture, exercise and preparing for labor.
2. During antenatal care, physiotherapists help prevent and treat back pain and pelvic girdle pain, teach exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor, and provide relaxation techniques and advice for maintaining mobility.
3. Postnatal physiotherapy can help with common issues like pelvic floor dysfunction and back pain, as well as educate new mothers on recovering from birth.
1. Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care by addressing musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyles, providing education on posture, exercise and preparing for labor.
2. During antenatal care, physiotherapists help prevent and treat back pain and pelvic girdle pain, teach exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor, and provide relaxation techniques and advice for maintaining mobility.
3. Postnatal physiotherapy can help with common issues like pelvic floor dysfunction and back pain, as well as educate mothers on recovering from birth and resuming normal activities.
1. Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care by addressing musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyles, providing education on posture, exercise and preparing for labor.
2. During antenatal care, physiotherapists help prevent and treat back pain and pelvic girdle pain, teach exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor, and provide relaxation techniques and advice for maintaining mobility.
3. Postnatal care involves addressing common issues like diastasis recti, pelvic floor dysfunction, and back pain, as well as ensuring a smooth recovery through continued education and guidance on exercises.
1. Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care by addressing musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyles, providing education on posture, exercise and preparing for labor.
2. During antenatal care, physiotherapists help prevent and treat back pain and pelvic girdle pain, teach exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor, and provide relaxation techniques and advice for maintaining mobility.
3. Postnatal care involves addressing common issues like diastasis recti, urinary incontinence, muscle cramps and back pain through techniques like exercises, electrical stimulation and manual therapy.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During pregnancy, physiotherapists provide education on posture, exercise, and injury prevention. They also teach relaxation techniques to prepare women for labor. Postnatally, physiotherapists help mothers recover physically through an exercise program and treat any musculoskeletal issues. The overall goal is to help women maintain a healthy pregnancy and support their physical recovery after giving birth.
1) The document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care, and the physiotherapy role in addressing musculoskeletal issues and promoting healthy lifestyle.
2) During postnatal care, physiotherapy aims to help the mother's physical recovery through exercises and treatment of issues while educating on ergonomics of caring for a baby.
3) Specific conditions that may require special considerations during pregnancy and appropriate exercises in each trimester are also covered.
1) The document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care, and the physiotherapy role in addressing musculoskeletal issues and promoting healthy lifestyle.
2) During postnatal care, physiotherapy aims to help the mother's physical recovery through exercises and treatment of issues while educating on ergonomics of caring for a baby.
3) Physiotherapy techniques like relaxation, breathing exercises, and advice on posture are provided to mothers during both antenatal and postnatal periods.
This document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care including screening for abnormalities and preparing mothers for labor. It also discusses postnatal physiotherapy focusing on treating musculoskeletal issues like perineal pain and preventing problems like varicose veins. Exercises are outlined for each trimester and postpartum recovery.
1) The document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care including a multidisciplinary team, and the physiotherapist's role in addressing musculoskeletal issues and promoting healthy lifestyle.
2) During postnatal care, the physiotherapist focuses on exercises and education to aid the mother's physical recovery, treat any issues, and provide guidance on proper posture and ergonomics for childcare activities.
3) Advice is also given for special needs, including exercise guidelines tailored to each trimester of pregnancy and considerations for conditions like gestational diabetes.
The document discusses women's health and exercise during pregnancy. It provides guidelines for exercise during each trimester, including frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise recommended. It also discusses potential complications during pregnancy, labor, and the postnatal period. Exercise is recommended to reduce health risks during pregnancy, but should avoid high impact activities and the supine position after the first trimester. Guidelines are given for safe exercise during and after pregnancy.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During antenatal care, physiotherapists provide exercises to prevent or treat musculoskeletal issues, educate on proper posture and lifestyle, and prepare women for labor through relaxation techniques. Postnatally, physiotherapists focus on restoring muscle strength through an exercise program, treating issues like perineal pain, and educating on proper posture while caring for a baby.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During antenatal care, physiotherapists provide exercises to prevent or treat musculoskeletal issues, educate on proper posture and lifestyle, and prepare women for labor through relaxation techniques. Postnatally, physiotherapists focus on restoring muscle strength through an exercise program, treating issues like perineal pain, and educating on proper posture while caring for a newborn.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During antenatal care, physiotherapists provide exercises to prevent or treat musculoskeletal issues, educate on proper posture and lifestyle, and prepare women for labor through relaxation techniques. Postnatally, physiotherapists focus on restoring muscle strength through an exercise program, treating issues like perineal pain, and educating on proper posture while caring for a newborn.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care. During antenatal care, physiotherapists provide exercises to prevent or treat musculoskeletal issues, educate on proper posture and lifestyle, and prepare women for labor through relaxation techniques. Postnatally, physiotherapists focus on restoring muscle strength through an exercise program, treating issues like perineal pain, and educating on proper posture while caring for a baby.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in both antenatal and postnatal care by addressing musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyles, providing postural and ergonomic advice, preparing women for labor, and teaching relaxation techniques. During antenatal care, physiotherapists help prevent and treat issues like back/pelvic pain, nerve compressions, pelvic floor dysfunction, and more. They provide advice on exercise, nutrition, posture, and birth options. Postnatal care involves addressing common issues like diastasis recti and pelvic floor dysfunction. Overall, physiotherapy aims to help women have a healthy pregnancy and recovery.
This document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care including screening for abnormalities and educating on nutrition, and the roles of various healthcare professionals on the antenatal care team. Physiotherapy focuses on preventing and treating musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyle, providing postural advice, preparing for labor, and teaching relaxation techniques. Exercises are described as beneficial if done in moderation, and contraindications are provided. Postnatal physiotherapy aids with problems like pelvic floor dysfunction.
This document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care including screening for abnormalities and educating on nutrition, and the roles of various healthcare professionals on the antenatal care team. It describes physiotherapy's role in preventing and treating musculoskeletal issues during pregnancy, promoting healthy lifestyle, providing postural advice, preparing for labor, and teaching relaxation techniques. Guidelines are provided for safe exercise during pregnancy and contraindications. Postnatal physiotherapy aids with problems like pelvic floor dysfunction.
This document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care including screening for abnormalities and educating on nutrition, and the roles of various healthcare professionals on the antenatal care team. It describes physiotherapy's role in preventing and treating musculoskeletal issues during pregnancy, promoting healthy lifestyle, providing postural advice, preparing for labor, and teaching relaxation techniques. Guidelines are provided for safe exercise during pregnancy and contraindications. Postnatal physiotherapy aids with problems like pelvic floor dysfunction.
This document discusses the role of physiotherapy in antenatal and postnatal care. It covers maternal physiology changes during pregnancy, objectives of antenatal care including screening for abnormalities and educating on nutrition, and the roles of various healthcare professionals on the antenatal care team. Physiotherapy focuses on preventing and treating musculoskeletal issues, promoting healthy lifestyle, providing postural advice, preparing for labor, and teaching relaxation techniques. Exercises are described as beneficial unless contraindicated by certain high risk conditions. Postnatal physiotherapy addresses problems like pelvic floor dysfunction.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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4. •What is child bearing year?
- “ time from conception through post partum
adjustments”
•Nine months of pregnancy + three months after
birth of baby
•What is fitness?
- physical + psycho-emotional well being
7. 1)To promote good health, poise and sense of well being
during pregnancy and encourage preventive medicine
2) To give opportunity to discuss fears and expectations
3) To provide instructions in skills to conserve energy, pain
tolerance level and strains of pregnancy
8. 4) To alleviate the stress and strain
5) To rehabilitate women during puerperium and
post natal life as same as pre – pregnant state
13. • Goals :
1) To educate the pregnant woman along with
her spouse by any means like ante natal
classes, pictures, videos, booklets etc.
14. • Education regarding :
- Pregnancy physiology and psychology
- Physical and psycho-emotional changes
- Need for partner and family support
- Screening examinations
15.
16. - Coping with changes and minor discomforts
- Small frequent meals
- Eat before rising
- Avid greasy and rich food
- Propping up the bed head
- If necessary, contact doctor
17. - Empty bladder often
- Take frequent fluid
intake
- Eat fiber reach diet
- If necessary, contact
doctor
33. • Goals:
1) To educate women to cope up with certain
physiological changes
2) To perform brief screening assessment before
starting actual exercise programme
3) To give proper exercise guidelines
4) To check contraindications
5) To inform regarding precautions
36. - Light frequent
meals
- Sleep in semi
recumbent position
- Ingest proper milk
- Avoid fatty foods,
coffee
37. Constipation &
haemorrhoids
- Increased soluble fiber
and fluid intake
- Increase activity level
like exercise, walking
- Change iron
supplements
- analgesics, ice ,
padding
38. - Support hosiery
- Avoid prolonged
standing
- Walk rather than stand
- Elevate feet when lying
- Rest frequently
39. • Exercise guidelines : set by the American College
of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1) Consult with medical caregiver before
commencing exercises
2) Gradually increase exercises if previously
sedentary
3) Women can continue to exercise during
pregnancy and can experience health benefits
even from mild to moderate exercise. Regular
exercise at least three times per week is
recommended.
40. 4) Maximum heart rate should not exceed 140-150
beats/min or limit set in consultation with doctor.
5) Do not perform exercises that require lying on your
back after the first trimester of pregnancy.
6)Prolonged periods of motionless standing should be
avoided.
7) Avoid over flexing and overextending joints, quick
direction changes, jumping and jarring motions. Be
careful during exercises requiring balance and use
outside support.
41. 8) Modify the intensity of cardio exercise according to
perceived exertion or the “talk test.” Stop exercising
when fatigued and do not exercise to exhaustion. ”
listen to your body.”
9) Never exercise when you have a fever or if the
climate is hot and humid. Wear loose, cool clothing to
stay cool.
10) Drink liquids before, during and after exercise and
be particularly careful to ensure an adequate diet due
to increased caloric needs.
42. 11) Your fitness goals during pregnancy should not be
exercising for weight loss, increase in flexibility or
strength gain.
12) If a regular pattern of contractions, low back pain,
pelvic pressure, or any other unusual symptom
develops while exercising, stop and communicate with
your health care provider.
13) Always include at least a 5-minute warm-up and a 5-
minute cool down period.
14) Get up and down from floor carefully and keep legs
moving when you first stand up. This prevents blood
from pooling in the legs and causing dizziness.
43. 15) Pain, discomfort, or shortness of breath should be
avoided. Valsalva manoeuvers should be avoided.
16) Vary your exercise program. Some excellent
alternatives are walking, swimming and stationary
cycling.
44. Absolute contraindications Relative contraindications
Severe cardiovascular, respiratory
or systemic disease
History of repeated (3 or more)
miscarriage or premature labor
Uncontrolled hypertension,
diabetes or thyroid disease
Diabetes
Ruptured membranes or premature
labor
History of rapid labor or poor fetal
growth
Persistent bleeding after 1st
trimester
Early pregnancy bleeding
Incompetent cervix Sedentary lifestyle with very poor
fitness
Preeclampsia or toxemia Breech presentation after 28 weeks
Multiple pregnancy (triplets, etc.) Palpitations or arrhythmias
Poor fetal growth Anemia or iron deficiency
Extreme over- or underweight
45. Potential risk to the foetus from maternal
exercises
Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Abnormal heart rate
Decreased utero placental flow
Increased uterine contractions
Reduced maternal glucose level
Disruption of maternal endocrine haemostasis
Poor growth
58. Benefits of exercise
• Maintain healthy body weight and avoid
excess fat accumulation
• Maintain or improve cardiovascular fitness,
muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility
• Decreased musculoskeletal complaints such as
back pain
• Decreased minor discomforts of pregnancy
• Improved posture and body mechanics, which
may improve coordination, balance, and body
awareness
59. • breath awareness and relaxation
• Prevention and treatment of problems
associated with gestational diabetes,
hypertension, and preeclampsia
• Stress reduction and enhanced self-image
• Possible easing of labour with fewer
complications of delivery faster postnatal
recovery
64. • Goals:
1) To educate the woman to get relax and stress
free
2) To educate woman for dressing
3) To continue exercises as much as possible of
second trimester but with mild intensity
4) To educate the woman to cope up with changes
5) To educate and practice for different positions
helpful in labour
68. • Relaxation exercises/ techniques:
- Major aim is to prevent the mother becoming
unduly tired
- To help the mother in labour
- To help the mother to control her thoughts
and emotions
74. • “ the process in which the foetus, placenta
secundines are expelled from the uterus via
the birth canal after minimum period of 20
weeks”
• Mainly 3 stages of labour
75. • Stage 1 – from onset of labour untill full
dilation of cervix
• Changes during this stage – pain and
contractions
76.
77. • Stage 2 – full cervical dilation to expulsion of
the foetus from vagina
86. • Goals :
1) Relief of pain either of episiotomy or
caesarian
2) Ergonomic advices for preventing further
complications
3) Educate Exercise programme
88. - Advice for abdominal
binder or tubigrip or
supportive under wears
- Abdominal retraction
exercises
- Pelvic tilting exercise
- Progression with
coming up upto the
hands
90. - Ultrasound to the
periphery initially
- Warm compresses
- Crushed ice
- PEME
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101. 1) Jennifer Hollowell et al., did study on The
effectiveness of antenatal care programmes to
reduce infant mortality and preterm birth in
socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women in
high-income countries: a systematic review
• 36 distinct eligible studies covering a wide range
of interventions, including group antenatal care,
clinic-based augmented care, teenage clinics,
prenatal substance abuse programmes, home
visiting programmes, maternal care coordination
and nutritional programmes.
102. • Conclusions: There was insufficient evidence
of adequate quality to recommend routine
implementation of any of the programmes as
a means of reducing infant mortality in
disadvantaged/vulnerable women.
• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2011, 11:13
103. • Ana L Vallim et al., did study on Water
exercises and quality of life during pregnancy
to evaluate the effects of a physical exercise
program of water aerobics on the quality of
life (QOL) of sedentary pregnant women
• 35 women was given routine antenatal care,
while another group of 31 women, in addition
to receiving the same routine care as the first
group, also participated in three classes of
water aerobics per week.
104. • QOL was evaluated by applying the WHOQOL-
BREF questionnaire in both groups at the
20th, 28th and 36th weeks of pregnancy.
• Conclusion : The great majority of the
participants considered that the practice of
water aerobics had benefitted them in some
way. QOL scores were found to be high in both
groups during follow-up. There was no
association between the practice of water
aerobics and QOL.
• Reproductive Health 2011, 8:14
105. • Po-Chun Ko, Ching-Chung Liang et al. did
study on A randomized controlled trial of
antenatal pelvic floor exercises to prevent
and treat urinary incontinence
• to evaluate the effect of antenatal pelvic floor
muscle exercise (PFME) in the prevention and
treatment of urinary incontinence during
pregnancy and postpartum period
• Three hundred women were randomly
assigned to the PFME group and control
group.
106. • Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6),
Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7),
and question of self-reported urinary
incontinence.
• Conclusions: PFME applied in pregnancy is
effective in the treatment and prevention of
urinary incontinence during pregnancy, and
this effect may persist to postpartum period.
• International Urogynecology Journal January
2011, Volume 22, Issue 1, pp 17-22
107. • J.T. van der Spank ET AL. did study on Pain
relief in labour by transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation (TENS) by burst –
conventional obstetric TENS-apparatus
• On 59 women compare to epidural analgesia
• Conclusion : During TENS application the pain
scores were significantly lower (p<0.0001)
• Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
November 2000, Volume 264, Issue 3, pp 131-
136
108. • Keep the “WOMAN” fit and happy,
always gives “SAFTEY” to “MUMMY AND
BABY”
109. • R Sapsford et all; WOMEN’S HEALTH – a
textbook for physiotherapists, part two – child
bearing year
• Jil mentle, Jeanette Haslam, Sue Barton,
Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
pg no 93 – 244
• Elizabeth Noble, Essential Exercises for the
Childbearing Year: A Guide to Health and
Comfort Before and After Your Baby Is Born
110. • Margaret Polden, Jill Mantle , Physiotherapy in
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• Exercise guidelines by The American College of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2001
• Ann Thomson, Alison Skinner, Joan Piercy, Tidy’s
Physiotheray, twelfth edition , pg no :382-400
• Sandie Keane, Pilates for core strength
• Roger L. Hammer, PhD ,Jan Perkins, MSc,Richard
Parr, EdD, FACSM, Exercise During the
Childbearing Year. Journal of Perinatal Education,
9(1), 1-13; pregnancy, postpartum exercise,
guidelines.
111. • Jennifer Hollowell et al., The effectiveness of
antenatal care programmes to reduce infant
mortality and preterm birth in socially
disadvantaged and vulnerable women in high-
income countries: a systematic review, BMC
Pregnancy and Childbirth 2011, 11:13
• Ana L Vallim et al., Water exercises and quality of
life during pregnancy Reproductive Health 2011,
8:14
• Po-Chun Ko, Ching-Chung Liang et al. A
randomized controlled trial of antenatal pelvic
floor exercises to prevent and treat urinary
incontinence. International Urogynecology
Journal January 2011, Volume 22, Issue 1, pp 17-
22
112. • J.T. van der Spank ET AL. Pain relief in labour
by transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS) Archives of Gynecology
and Obstetrics November 2000, Volume
264, Issue 3, pp 131-136