Financing the Transition Towards a suitable Blue Economy St Jame's Palace State Apartments 10 July 2014, London, United Kingdom

1. Fish and FNS
Financing the Transition Towards a Suitable Blue Economy
St James’s Palace State Apartments
10 July 2014, London, Great Britain
Presentation By
Árni M. Mathiesen
Assistant Director-General
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO)

2. Vitamin A deficiency
Causing blindness
250 million preschool children affected
Iron deficiency
Anaemia contributes to 20% of all maternal deaths.
40% of preschool children anaemic in developing countries.
Iodine deficiency
Impairing cognitive development in children
54 countries still iodine-deficient
Millions of children suffering nutrition deficiency
Source: WHO
842 million hungry people
Source: WHO
Trend
Worldwide obesity has nearly doubled since 1980.
Adults (aged 20 or older)
More than 1.4 billion (35% of total) overweight in
2008
Over 200 million men and nearly 300 million
women (11 % of total) obese in 2008.
Children (under the age of 5)
More than 40 million children overweight or obese
in 2012.
Billions of obesity or overweight people
Source: WHO
Food security and nutrition status
Hunger hand-in-hand with poverty

3. Contribution of fish to human diet
Fish as a percentage of total
animal protein intake
Fish provides high quality animal protein Fish especially important to countries
with low animal protein intake

4. Contribution of fish to nutrition
Fish, a source of
nutrients
Nutrient level per 100 g
Daily need (RDI) for
children:
Protein;
20% of animal protein for
3 billion people
Carp fillet: 18 g
Salmon fillet: 19 g
1 g/kg body weight
(incl. veg. prot.)
DHA+EPA (Ω-3);
seafood main source
Carp fillet: 350 mg
Salmon fillet: 2000 mg
150 (250) µg
Vitamin A;
250 million preschool
children deficient
Cod liver oil: 5000 µg
Mola (whole): 2500 µg
500 µg RAE
Iron;
1.6 billion people deficient
Dried tuna frames: 35 mg
Chanwa pileng (whole): 45 mg
8.9 mg
(at 10% bioavailability)
Iodine;
seafood natural source, 2
billion people deficient
Cod fillets: 250 µg
Seaweed: >2000 µg
120 µg
Zinc;
800 000 child deaths per
year
Bones from herring: 19 mg
Chanwa pileng (whole): 20 mg
5.6 mg
(at moderate bioavailability)

5. Socioeconomic contribution of aquaculture and fisheries

6. Future fish supply and
demand projections
OECD-FAO Fish Model Projections (2022)
Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2013-2022 (Table A.26.2).
Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2010-12 average.
Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red.
WB-FAO-IFPRI Fish to 2030 Projections
Source: World Bank Report on Fish to 2030 (Table 3.7).
Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2006.
Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red
Country/
region
Fish Demand
(2030) Total
fish
prod.
(2012,
mil.
tonne)
S-D
gap
2030
(col. 4
minus
col. 3)
kg/cap.
Total
(mil.
tonne)
WORLD
29.1
261.2 156.5
-104.7
S.S. Africa
10.8
15.1 6.9
-8.2
L.A. & C.
12.2
18.3 14.8
-3.4
N. Africa
12.9
3.7 2.8
-0.8
Europe
27.3
23.4 16.0
-7.4
N. America
29.8
12.9 6.7
-6.1
Source: Estimation of FI/FAO (preliminary results)
Main assumptions: 1) Per capita fish demand affected by income growth.
2) Fish price unchanged. 3) Preference over fish unchanged
FAO/FI Fish Supply-Demand Gap Projections

7. Issues, constraints and challenges
Source: WHO
Resources and environment
Environment degradation and habitat destruction
Loss of biodiversity
Overexploited fish stocks
Biosecurity (disease outbreaks)
Climate changes (El Niño, ocean acidification, stock
migration, severe weather conditions, etc.)
Socioeconomic and governance
Overcapacity (fleets and labor)
IUU fishing
Bycatch and discards
Assess to capital and financial services (loans, insurance,
etc.)
Equity (poverty, forced labor, child labor, etc.)
Public image of fisheries and aquaculture

9. Filling Fish Supply-Demand
Source: WHO
Maintaining/increasing capture fisheries production
Recovery of the “Sunken Billions” through reducing overcapacity and rehabilitating
overexploited stocks
Cultured-based fisheries (stock enhancement)
More direct human consumption
Shifting industrialized use of fish (fish meal and fish oil) to direct human consumption
Reducing waste
Utilization of bycatch and discards
Utilization of processing waste
Reducing post-harvest spoilage (cold storage, more efficient value chain, etc.)
Sustaining aquaculture growth
Sustainable intensification in Asia.
Expansion in Africa and Latin America
Increasing acceptance in western countries
More efficient feed and feed management
Genetic improvement of seed stocks
Low-trophic species (non-fed finfishes, mollusks, etc.)
Innovation in farming systems and technologies

10. Improved Fisheries Governance
CCRF-EAF
Fisheries Management
Enforcemen
t &
Compliance
Catch
statistics,
Fleet
information
Total
allowable
catch or
Equivalen
t decision
Stock
Assessment
50 bill. USD
Poverty alleviation
TAC-setting
Rules

11. Source: WHO
Thank youThank you