Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
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Visit of Paula Carballero, Senior Director, Environmental Global Practice, The World Bank Rome, FAO, HQ 19 June 2015
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Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
- 1. Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant Director-General Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Visit of Ms Paula Caballero, Senior Director, Environment GlobalVisit of Ms Paula Caballero, Senior Director, Environment Global Practice, World Bank 19 June 2015, FAO HQ Rome, ItalyPractice, World Bank 19 June 2015, FAO HQ Rome, Italy Fisheries and Aquaculture DepartmentFisheries and Aquaculture Department
- 3. Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition Elimination of poverty through economic and social progress for all SO1: Contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition SO 4: Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national and international levels SO 3: Reduce rural poverty SO 5: Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises SO 2: Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs FAO Enabling Environment Development outcome indicators for monitoring progress, which measure the long- term effects to which OOs contribute Organizational Outcome indicators to measure changes produced from the use of FAO outputs, among others Enabling functions for improved corporate performance monitored by key performance indicators Output indicators for monitoring FAO deliverables Outreach Efficient and effective administration Information Technology FAO Governance, oversight and direction 3 Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the cross-cutting themes: gender and governance Global Goals
- 4. Challenges
- 5. Challenges 5 Increasing demand: 1.Population increase 2.Economic development 3.Increased consumption Decreasing resource base: 1. Overexploited fish stocks 2. IUU fishing 3. Overcapacity in fishing fleets 4. Degraded environment and ecosystems 5. Climate Changes 6. Post harvest losses 7. Natural disasters
- 6. Global fish production: Data and projections (1984-2030) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 2029 MillionMT Total (Data) Total (Model) Capture (Data) Capture (Model) Aquaculture (Data) Aquaculture (Model) Source: FISH to 2030
- 7. Brief overview of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
- 8. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Economics Division Policy, Economics and Institutions Branch FIPI Products, Trade and Marketing Branch FIPM Statistics and Information Branch FIPS Fisheries and Aquaculture Resources Use and Conservation Division Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch FIRF Fishing Operations and Technology Branch FIRO Aquaculture Branch FIRA Programme Coordination Unit FishCode Programme Assistant Director-General
- 9. FI Staff Regular Programme staff 125 Project staff 49 Technical Officers in the field 19 Others 159 Programme of Work and Budget PWB 2014-15 Regular Programme USD 43 million Voluntary contributions USD 55 million Staff and budget
- 10. Examples of important on- going projects
- 11. The Nansen Programme NW-Africa Gulf of Guinea Arabian Sea Benguela BENEFIT South CaribbeanCentral America W estern Indian O cean
- 12. Mediterranean ProjectsMediterranean Projects Common forum for management discussions and agreements Formal meeting point Focus on trust and cooperation Level Playing field Identify Common Interests/Issues Centre points for Take into account differences in capacity and culture: Sub-regional Approach Capacity Development for National/Local Institutions Teach HOW TO FISH
- 13. The Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
- 14. Efficiency of and transparency of value chain improved through appropriate incentive structures Policies, legislation and institutions and capacities in the public and private sectors improved The understanding and application of integrated, participatory and collaborative approaches enhanced The CFI is a strategic partnership to demonstrate holistic ecosystem based management and improved governance of coastal fisheries The CFI will support responsible coastal fisheries and the maintenance of ecosystem services; and increase the economic and social value generated by coastal fisheries to support human well-being and livelihoods. 14
- 16. SmartFish is a regional fisheries project managed by the Indian Ocean Commission, funded by the European Union and co-implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. SmartFish, which operates in twenty countries throughout the Indian Ocean Region, Southern and Eastern Africa, focuses on fisheries governance, management, monitoring control and surveillance, trade, and food security. SMART FISH
- 17. GLOBEFISH is the unit in the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department responsible for information on international fish trade. The core of GLOBEFISH is the GLOBEFISH Databank. GLOBEFISH produces a number of publications including fish price reports (European Fish Price Report), market studies (GLOBEFISH Research Programme) and trend analysis (GLOBEFISH Highlights). GLOBEFISH is jointly financed by FAO and GLOBEFISH Partners. GLOBEFISH is an integral part of the FISH INFOnetwork and performs a co-ordinating role in the Network activities. Globefish Partners: European Commission (DG MARE) Brussels, Bel COGEA, Italy Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute, (ASMI), USA Norwegian Seafood Council, Tromsoe, Norway FranceAgriMer - Montreuil-sous-Bois, France Seafish, the Authority, United Kingdom Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio
- 19. Discussion of selected items The Blue Growth Initiative COFI and its 2 Sub-Committees on aquaculture and trade Advocacy, partnership and outreach
- 20. FAO Blue Growth Initiative Aim: To contribute to the promotion of sustainable use and conservation of aquatic living resources Four components: Capture Fisheries Aquaculture Ecosystem services contributing to livelihoods, and Trade/markets/post harvest and social support
- 21. The Blue Growth Initiative To promote the sustainable use and conservation of the aquatic renewable resources Aim
- 22. Capture Fisheries:Capture Fisheries: Increase, Sunken Billions, CCRF, EAF. Biological management and conservation, business management, political/economic management. Contribution to Blue Growth : -10 - 20 million tons -USD 50-100 billion annually Capture fisheries are an important source of food, nutrition, employment and income for millions of people, particularly in remote rural areas - Capture fisheries face serious challenges: Degraded environment and ecosystems Overexploited fish stocks IUU fishing Climate change and ocean acidification
- 23. Aquaculture: GAAP, EAA, biological management and conservation (incl. bio-security), business management, planning and regulatory implementation Contribution to Blue Growth: •50-100 million tonnes a year
- 24. Trade/markets/post harvest and social support: Waste reduction, non-food v. food utilization, customs tariff issues, most traded, social complexities in Small Scale Fisheries. Contribution to Blue growth: •From non-food: 10 million tonnes •From waste food: 15 million tonnes
- 25. Other or “novel” ecosystem services:Other or “novel” ecosystem services: Mangroves, storm/wave bulwarks, sea-grass carbon sequestration and UN-REDD, greater symbiosis with crops (rice etc./fish production, fertilizer/pesticide runoffs), tourism (nature, culinary, culture), salt beds Contribution to Blue Growth: The sky’s the limit !!!
- 26. BlueBlue Growth Initiative fundingGrowth Initiative funding 51 ongoing programmes and projects Overall total budget USD 323 million USD 77 million managed by FAO (including USD 5.2 million from assessed contributions) USD 246 million co-funding managed by others
- 27. 3 TECHNICAL NETWORKS Global Network for Blue Growth and Food Security COFI Blue Growth Working Group FAO/FI Technical Network: 5 Regional Focus Groups
- 28. What is COFI? 1. History The Committee on Fisheries (COFI), a subsidiary body of the FAO Council, was established by the FAO Conference at its Thirteenth Session in 1965. The First Session in 1966, and thereafter annually until 1975. Since 1977 the sessions have been held biennially. The Committee has held 31 sessions. The last session (COFI 31) was held in June 2014 and the next session (COFI 32) is scheduled to be held in 2016.
- 29. What is COFI?What is COFI? 2. Objectives and Function2. Objectives and Function Objectives: COFI constitutes a unique inter-governmental forum for the examination of major international fisheries and aquaculture problems and issues, and for the negotiation of global agreements and non-binding instruments. Function: Review Programmes of FAO Work in Fisheries and Aquaculture Conduct periodic general reviews of problems and advise international community on possible solutions May Establish Sub-Committees on Certain Issues (SCFT, SCA)
- 30. Technical Committees Committee on Fisheries (COFI) 2014 Rome: 110 Members -1 Associate Member- 5 no-COFI Members- The Holy See- 65 IGOs/NGOs COFI-Sub-Committee on Fish Trade 2014 Bergen: 54 Members, 2 UN agencies, 12 IGO/NGOs COFI Sub-Committee on Aquaculture 2013 St. Petersburg: 51 Members, 10 IGO/NGOs
- 31. Composition of participants COFI 31 (2014))
- 32. Regional Fishery Bodies (RFB)
- 33. Advocacy, Partnership and Outreach Advocacy Partnership Outreach
Editor's Notes
- Interestingly, the IPCC comes to the conclusion in their last reports that what matters most is how we react to climate change and that our reactions can be more important than the actual changes themselves. That basically puts the work of FAO and other such organizations in the spotlight. FAO has three overarching goals, which you can see in this slide
- These goals translate into the five Strategic Obejctives, Organizational Outcomes, Outputs, Major Areas of work and Global and Regional Initiatives.
- What are the major challenges. The aquatic environment is already under stress from over-exploitation, pollution, declining biodiversity, climate change, increase in hypoxic areas, expansion of invasive species and ocean acidification. This is because economic growth in Fisheries and Aquaculture in recent decades has been accomplished in several parts of the world through unsustainable exploitation of many aquatic resources.
- Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is estimated at 15 to 20 million tons a year. Fishing continues to be one, if not the most hazardous occupation in the world, resulting in over 24,000 deaths annually, mainly on board small fishing vessels. Disease outbreaks have cost the global aquaculture industry tens of billions of dollars over the last 20 years. The tsunami of December 2004 in the Indian Ocean caused massive loss of life (over 230,000 deaths), severe damage to the physical infrastructure of many Asian countries estimated at over US $ 10 billion and another 11 billion for its reconstruction and left over 1.7 million people homeless. Overcapacity in the fishing industry, often encouraged by subsidies, is estimated at 40%. In fact, FAO and the World Bank estimate that the potential economic gain from restoring fish stocks and reducing fishing capacity to an optimal level is on the order of USD 50 billion per year.
- A joint publication recently released by FAO, the World Bank and IFPRI estimated that by 2030, world fish production would increase by some 20 million tons to reach185 million, mainly from aquaculture. This presents major challenges to ensure economically, but also socially and environmentally responsible aquatic production systems.
- The Nansen programme is a long standing Project funded by Norway since the 1970s and executed by FAO, the Norwegian Institute of Marine research and the benefitting countries. It aims at building capacity in developing countries on stock assessment and scientific information in support of fisheries management. In so doing, it has improved global information on fish stocks along the coasts of Africa, the Caribbean, Central America, the Indian Ocean and other regions. The current phase is focussed on building baseline data and capcity in support of the implementation of the Eco-system approach to fisheries and aquaculture.
- FAO is implementing 4 major projects in the Mediterranean to improve fisheries fisheries management and conservation. These projects (COPEMED, MEDSUDMED, EASTMED, ADRIAMED and BlackSeaFish) are focussed on the needs of the sub-regions and come in support of the activities carried out by the General Commission for Fisheries in the Mediterranean (GFCM)
- Most fisheries in the world take place in coastal waters and exclusive economic zones (EEZ) (in white in the slide). Significant fisheries do, however, exist in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), comprising the high seas and the ocean floor beyond the (extended) continental shelves of coastal States (in Blue in the slide). These fisheries mainly concentrate on highly migratory species (eg tuna and tuna like species) and on discrete demersal fisheries. The sustainable utilization of these resources (based on sound management and conservation measures) is of vital importance to many states to ensure continued social and economic benefits and to maintain the contribution of capture fisheries to the global supply. The legal framework governing fisheries in ABNJ is set out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). UNCLOS places the responsibility for the conservation and management of the living resources occurring in the high seas on fishing nations in their capacity as flag States and requests that States work together in the management and conservation of living resources. At a subregional and regional this cooperation take place through relevant fisheries organizations as mandated by UNCLOS. Many of the fisheries in the ABNJ fall within the competence areas of one of the various RFMO/As of either deep-sea fisheries (DSF-RFMO/As) or tuna and tuna related fisheries (t-RFMO/As) (either existing or emerging), but notable exceptions are the Arctic and the South-west Atlantic in relation to deep-sea fisheries and the Arctic in tuna fisheries. Recently, FAO has launched the 5 year Global Programme “Global sustainable fisheries management and biodiversity conservation in the Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)”, funded by GEF (Global Environment Facility) with a Grant of 50 million dollars, supplemented by around $220 million of co-financing from a host of partners and stakeholders. The ABNJ Programme is a very ambitious 5 years Programme intended to overcome some of the main threats to sustainable management of tuna fisheries, deep-sea fisheries and the conservation of biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ).
- The Coastal Fisheries Initiative (CFI) has been developed to demonstrate and promote more holistic processes and integrated approaches leading to environmentally, economically and socially sustainable use and management of coastal fisheries. The CFI builds on a recognition that an important barrier to real progress towards sustainable coastal fisheries is that there is limited integration among the different approaches used by governments in their partnerships with developments and environmental agencies and organizations in addressing the sector. There needs to be a more coherent and holistic use of approaches dealing with Sector-focused management; Human well-being; Wealth creation and investments; Postharvest and value chain; and Biodiversity and ecosystem health. The CFI covers all fisheries in the EEZ but does not explicitly address the aquaculture and inland fisheries sectors. The CFI consists of a combination of national and sub-regional projects, an innovative grant funding mechanism (the Challenge Fund) and a global partnership, knowledge management and research mechanism for sharing experiences and furthering effective fisheries management globally. The CFI aims to achieve the 3 outcomes below through the integration of these approaches and priorities. The CFI was developed through collaboration between six GEF Agencies that will also jointly implement the program – FAO, UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, Conservation International (CI) and WWF – and the GEF Secretariat.
- The Coastal Fisheries Initiative (CFI) has been developed to demonstrate and promote more holistic processes and integrated approaches leading to sustainable use and management of coastal fisheries complementing the GEF multi-country Large-Marine Ecosystem (LME) approach. The CFI covers all fisheries in the EEZ but do not explicitly address the aquaculture and inland fisheries sectors. The CFI consists of a combination of national and sub-regional projects, an innovative grant funding mechanism (the Challenge Fund) and a global partnership, knowledge management and research mechanism for sharing experiences and furthering effective fisheries management globally. Three geographies are included in the CFI: Indonesia: two Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs) in the Eastern part of the country Ecuador and Peru (Latin America) Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal (West Africa). The CFI was developed through collaboration between six GEF Agencies that will also jointly implement the program – FAO, UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, Conservation International (CI) and WWF – and the GEF Secretariat. Initial work consisted of a global analysis and strategic planning. The CFI Strategic Framework document, attached to this PFD as Annex 6, underpins the CFI program proposal. Accordingly, the CFI aims to contribute to the global objective of having worldwide, coastal fisheries delivering sustainable environmental, social and economic benefits through creating better governance including correct incentives, an enabling environment and the use of more holistic processes and integrated approaches. Baseline with regard to best practices, collaboration and performance assessment An important barrier to real progress toward sustainable coastal fisheries governance and management include the fact that there is limited integration among the different approaches that are used by governments in their partnerships with developments and environmental agencies and organizations in addressing the sector. These approaches, which can also be described as referring to different objectives or priorities, can, in a generalized manner, be broadly characterized into five main thematic areas: sector-focused management priorities; safeguarding of human well-being priorities; biodiversity and ecosystem health priorities; postharvest and value chain priorities; and wealth creation and investment priorities. These thematic areas are summarized in Box 1 below. These thematic areas are by no means exclusive, and many of the most successful fisheries management initiatives may already incorporate different sets of objectives and seek to find common ground between them (as has already been demonstrated in the baselines described above). However, is concern that governments currently do not receive consistent advice from development and environmental agencies and organizations: when different development and environmental agencies and organizations promote different approaches, it may create unproductive confusion at the local, national and regional levels. There is currently no global platform for collaboration among development and environmental agencies and organizations working in fisheries. Different actors tend to work independently form one and other and different approaches hence develop in silos. There is some collaboration and exchange of experiences but more on a case-to-case basis and through more limited initiatives, as well as through international and regional meetings organized on specific topics. The CFI has been developed through collaboration among six GEF Agencies each with significant competences in the different thematic areas. BOX 1: THEMATIC AREAS – APPROACHES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT Sector-focused management priorities Most fisheries management worldwide continues to be focus on efforts to establish and implement rules and regulations for the functioning of activities within the sector, and are focused on achieving objectives specifically relating to the sector. The pursuit of these objectives, and the instruments developed for achieving them, whether through regulation of inputs and outputs in the sector, improved science and information to inform decision-making, or better monitoring and enforcement, continue to have an important role to play. Safeguard of human well-being priorities These sets of objectives emphasize the need for wider social and economic development for participants in the fisheries sector and their rights to food security and livelihoods. This is regarded as particularly important given high levels of vulnerability and poverty often encountered in fishing communities and their frequent lack of capacity, incentives and organization to participate in decision-making about fisheries management. Safeguard of human well-being objectives therefore focus greater attention to equitable distribution of benefits from fisheries, strengthening fishers' capacity to engage with institutions and decision-making mechanisms, and the need to include both women and men in management decisions. Biodiversity and ecosystem health priorities Ensuring the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem health in the marine environment, both in coastal areas and in the deep sea, as well as through interactions between the marine and terrestrial environments, is often prioritized as it underpins the sustainability of the fisheries sector as a whole. Supported by key conventions such as the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), the protection of critical habitats and the introduction of controls on resource use are seen as key to achieving these objectives. Post-harvest and value chain priorities Given the limited scope worldwide for increasing production from fisheries that are frequently already exploited at or beyond their sustainable capacity, the opportunities for reducing wastage and adding value to fish being caught is frequently seen as a priority objective. Opportunities for incentivizing sustainable fisheries through market measures and consumer demand for fish products from well-managed fisheries often underpin the approaches used to achieve these objectives. Wealth creation and investment priorities This set of priorities in fisheries management sees the introduction of appropriate economic incentives for resource users, and particularly secure tenure rights to fisheries resource, as key to achieving sustainable use. The emphasis is often on ensuring the economic performance of fisheries as a sector and its contribution to wider economic growth and well-being through more efficient exploitation and management and the capture of resource rent for reinvestment in the development of fisher communities in particular, and wider society in general. (See CFI Strategic Framework document for more information) The CFI will play an important role in examining how different approaches (above) work in different situations – at the same time as impact is generated on the ground – through its regional/national child projects and in bringing this new knowledge to the international arena to be examined, shared, understood and replicated, as appropriate. The CFI will also examine existing initiatives and results generated by such programmes and projects with a view to identify good (and bad) practices, including from ongoing LME projects. The CFI will work towards a more harmonized view on what different approaches and concepts in coastal fisheries mean and can do and promote a more holistic process for and integrated perspective on sustainable management. This implies and integration of approaches and priorities, as appropriate, in respect of sector-focused management, safeguarding of human well-being, biodiversity and ecosystem health, postharvest and value chain, and wealth and investments. See also the CFI Strategic Framework (Annex 6: Section 11 on Program Governance) which notes the need to ensure that the wider community concerned with coastal fisheries globally are aware of the CFI and have the opportunity to engage in discussions about what it is doing and what is being learnt from it. The programme will recognize the importance of addressing all three pillars of sustainable development – the environmental, social and economic dimensions. In the environmental dimension, this will require taking an ecosystem approach to management of coastal fisheries, ensuring the maintenance of ecosystem functions and taking into account interactions with other linked ecosystems, as well as the human dimensions of ecosystems. In the social dimension, it will mean adopting a participatory, inclusive approach that engages with all the stakeholders involved in coastal fisheries, and takes full account, from the start, of their objectives and priorities in fisheries and their rights to livelihoods, to food, and to representation and participation in decision-making processes. In the economic dimension, it will recognize that economic viability, and realizing the economic potential of fisheries in coastal areas, will be key to achieving sustainable fisheries. None of the approaches can be successfully implemented in isolation. The CFI aims to achieve the 3 outcomes below through the integration of these approaches and priorities, as appropriate, in respect of sector-focused management, safeguarding of human well-being, biodiversity and ecosystem health, postharvest and value chain, and wealth and investments. Component 1: Sustainability incentives in the value chain The outcome of the CFI component 1 is: The efficiency of and transparency in the fisheries value chain (from harvest to consumer) have been improved through appropriate incentive structures and contribute to sustainable resource utilization and equitable social and economic development. The achievement of this outcome will be measured with respect to whether: New or amended fisheries management regimes, including incentive structures, are implemented. Postharvest losses have decreased, quality of products and working conditions improved and carbon foot print of fish smoking has been reduced. PPPs are implemented for, for example, improved landing site management, information sharing and market access. Innovative market incentive systems are implemented for improved environmental, economic and social sustainability of coastal fisheries. Component 2: Institutional structures and processes The outcome of this CFI Component 2 is: Policies, legislation and institutions and capacities in the public and private sectors have been improved at local, national and regional levels allowing for enhanced resource management through integrated and holistic approaches that allow for effective incentive structures and that lead to more environmentally, economically and socially sustainable coastal fisheries. The related indicators refer to: The necessary policy, legal and institutional frameworks are in place, functional and in use providing the required enabling environment for implementing sustainability incentives in the value chain (see Outcome 1). Relevant international instruments are adopted, as appropriate. Fishers, fish workers and other stakeholders are part of decision making processes with regard to fisheries management and community development and have the capacity to participate in an effective manner. Relevant regional organisations have the capacity to support their member countries (and for transboundary resources) in applying CFI best practices. Fishers, fish workers and local and national government staff have the capacity to effectively participate in fisheries governance and management processes. Component 3: Best practices, collaboration and performance assessment The CFI Component 3 outcome is: The understanding and application of integrated, participatory and collaborative approaches has been enhanced among local and global partners who utilize agreed tools for measuring coastal fisheries performance and progress towards environmental, economic and social sustainability. Achievements with regard to this outcome will be measured by the following indicators: Program related best-practices and lessons-learned published and disseminated. CFI best practices are applied and collaboration among environmental and development agencies and organisations strengthened. Fisheries performance is evaluated by an integrated assessment method. Capacity developed in governments, regional organisations (RFBs/Regional Seas Conventions), private sector and environmental and development agencies and organisations to make informed decisions on fisheries governance and management approaches and to use CFI results. BOX 2: CFI PROJECT SUMMARIES The CFI consists of a combination of national and sub-regional projects, an on-demand funding mechanism (Challenge Fund) and a global knowledge management mechanism for sharing experiences and furthering effective fisheries management globally. The CFI strategic approach lies in its combination of methods that have proven successful for fisheries management and securing sustainable resource utilization. Indonesia: Ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) in Eastern Indonesia (Fisheries Management Areas – FMAs – 715, 717 and 718) – implemented by WWF This project will assist the government with the implementation of the fisheries management plans for the FMAs 715, 717 and 718 through support to innovative approaches. The project will promote more effective use of governance mechanisms and management tools and use on the ground action, facilitating the move from plan to implementation in two selected fisheries. This will include working with national and local level structures and promoting participatory approaches. In line with the fisheries management plans, use of harvest controls will be promoted and detailed targets will be set. Moreover, the extent of effectively managed spawning areas, including coral reefs and mangrove habitats will be increased. In addition, incentives for communities and the private sector in other parts of the fisheries supply chain to contribute to improved fisheries management will be created. The project will help expand private sector engagement in fisheries management through market-based incentives for fisheries transformation towards sustainable practices. The knowledge and lessons learned by the project will be shared through targeted communication actions aimed at different audiences, such as the fishing communities, private sector, academia, administrators or the public at large. Based on existing structures within the three FMAs, knowledge sharing mechanisms will be established. The project will in particular contribute to the CFI programme level with regard to implementation of holistic EAFM and co-management. This will also include locally based financial mechanisms as part of EAFM and lessons learnt and best practices will be generated with regard to linkages between incentives in the postharvest value chain and the harvesting stage, including increasing business interest in investing in coastal fisheries management. Moreover, the project will contribute experiences with integration of spatial based management tools (MPAs) for both fisheries management and conservation. Ecuador and Peru: Ecosystem based management and improved governance of coastal fisheries in the Southeast Pacific – implemented by UNDP in collaboration with WWF and CI This project will expand on earlier successful experiences and promote and scale up the use of TURFs. It will also support the reform of relevant national fisheries legislation, strengthen institutional structures for co-management and MCS of artisanal fisheries, engage in PPPs for product enhancement and development, and promote the establishment of certification systems for key fish stocks. Existing and new Multiple Use MPAs will be strengthened including pilot restoration of critical coastal habitats (mangroves, macro-algal beds) within an ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) framework. Moreover, the project will promote the Ocean Health Index for long-term ecosystem monitoring and support knowledge sharing and learning. The project will work in Ecuador and Peru. This project will contribute best practices with regard to TURFs and the institutional structures and processes necessary for their implementation within a context of MSP and EFBM. The integrated approach to coastal fisheries will also include multi-use MPAs under co-management, combining objectives of fisheries management and habitat restoration, and MCS arrangements. Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal: Delivering sustainable environmental, social and economic benefits in West Africa through good governance, correct incentives and innovation – implemented by FAO and UNEP This project will use a combined governance and value chain approach to promote sustainable fisheries. It aims to support the implementation of the EAF and promote existing international instruments and standards focusing on ensuring participation, developing know-how and capacity. It will introduce innovative PPPs along the value chain that are supported by national strategies and policy frameworks. The project will be aligned with and strengthen implementation of the activities at national level identified in related GEF investments (CCLME and GCLME Strategic Action Plans – SAPs) and ensure partnerships and collaboration with other actors and projects in the region. The project will cover Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal. The Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal project will provide insights into operationalization of EAF fisheries management plans and what institutional structures and processes are required. The project will also contribute best practices with regard to improvements in the postharvest value chain and how private-public collaboration can improve efficiency and transparency. The Challenge Fund – implemented by the World Bank and CI The Challenge Fund (CF) will play an important role in helping to catalyze private sector involvement across the three CFI geographies while also enhancing the CFI’s cross-regional learning and operational linkages. Initially, the CF is expected to target the central challenge of generating a better and enabling governance context for investment. Depending on the regional and national context, activities could cover allocation processes for managed access, capacity building in productive fisheries enterprise and collective action, and market-based solutions that help leverage improved fisheries management. By reducing the perception of risk in this way and generating a value proposition for private sector investment across the coastal fisheries value chain, the CF will be on incentivize private stakeholders to engage in PPPs aimed at deriving, developing, and implementing innovative solutions to address sustainable coastal fisheries management. Framed as a competitive grant mechanism, with no earmarks and open to all CFI countries, the CF is further intended to spur innovation by challenging CFI beneficiaries and implementation partners alike. To this end, the CF will also actively reach out to outside financial partners and investors to explore options for bundling CF grants with third party traditional (e.g. loans) and innovative sources of financing (e.g. insurance) to test viability and returns over the medium and long term. The Challenge Fund will contribute best practices in particular with regard to innovative approaches to private sector engagement and investment, linking the postharvest supply chain with sustainable fisheries management. It will support the three regional projects and help draw experiences together at the CFI programme level. The Global Partnership, knowledge management and research project – implemented by FAO This project constitutes the umbrella project for the CFI and it will be established involving all six GEC Agencies and other relevant partners. A Global Coordination Unit will be established to facilitate a Global Reference Group (GRG) and to support the global CFI Steering Committee (SC). The GRG will have an independent oversight role and assist the SC in effective CFI implementation. The project will promote sharing of the experiences and lessons generated at country and regional levels, giving the CFI a catalytic role in replicating best practices on coastal fisheries management. A knowledge management (KM) strategy will ensure that effective dissemination of new knowledge acquired inform and advocate policies and capacity strengthening. The project will also include a research component for developing – based on existing tools and initiatives - and implementing a fisheries performance evaluation system that can be used to effectively monitor the sustainability of coastal fisheries management and to evaluate improvements in sustainable environmental, social and economic benefits of the CFI and other programmes. The Global Partnership project will provide both the common platform for the CFI – as well as for broader collaboration and communication – and contribute innovation with regard to fisheries performance assessment. The project will have a key role in pulling best practices together and ensure that these influence future developments for coastal fisheries governance and management. The CFI GEF Agencies include FAO, UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, CI and WWF-US.
- About the programme The programme is implemented by the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) in collaboration with the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA), the East Africa Community (EAC) and the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD). Other regional institutions involved include the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and regional fisheries management organizations, such as the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), the Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (SWIOFC), the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO), and the Lake Tanganyika Authority (LTA). Background Fisheries are one of the most significant renewable resources that Eastern-Southern Africa and Indian Ocean Region (ESA-IO) countries have for food security, livelihoods and economic growth based on sustainable resources management plans and there is significant potential for value-added production. As populations in these countries continue to grow, the future benefits that these resources can provide will require balancing the increasing demands on fisheries, with the capacity of oceanic, coastal and freshwater fish stocks to sustain those harvests. The SmartFish Programme aims at contributing to an increased level of social, economic and environmental development and deeper regional integration in the ESA-IO through improved capacities for the sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources. Beneficiaries countries The program’s beneficiary countries include Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Though they don't benefit from 10th EDF ESA-IO funds, Mozambique and South Africa are involved as members of SADC and through the Inter-Regional Coordination Committee (IRCC) framework. Réunion Island (France) is also participating as a member of the IOC; although not as a financial beneficiary.
- The FISHINFONetwork (FIN) consists of 7 independent intergovernmental and governmental organizations plus the FAO based GLOBEFISH unit, situated in the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). Created to assist the fishery sector particularly in developing countries and countries in transition, the network provides services to private industry and to governments. The execution of multilateral and bilateral projects is one of the main activities of the network. It is also widely known for its range of publications and periodicals as well as for the organization of international conferences, workshops and training seminars. FIN has more than 70 full time staff members and works with over 100 additional international consultants in all fields of fisheries. 50 national governments have signed international agreements with the different FIN services and are using the expertise of these services to develop the fishery sector worldwide. Click on the individual service for more detailed information. INFOPESCA (South and Central America), INFOFISH (Asia and Pacific region), INFOPECHE (Africa), INFOSA (Southern Africa) INFOSAMAK (Arab countries) EUROFISH (Eastern and Central Europe), and INFOYU (China). This INFOnetwork, coordinated by GLOBEFISH, promotes trade in fish products by: providing up-to-date information on markets and prices; bringing buyers and sellers together in international conferences; training industry and government on quality requirements of the main
- All of the following items and activities are undertaken under the overall FAO Strategic Framework.
- The aim of the Blue Growth Initiative BGI is to promote the sustainable use and conservation of aquatic renewable resources, in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner. It is a cross-cutting initiative which would provide global, regional and national impact to increase food security, improve nutrition, reduce poverty of coastal and riparian communities and support sustainable management of aquatic resources. Within the SPF and for the implementation of PWB 14-15, the Blue Growth Initiative is now a Major Area of Work anchored in SO2 where it clusters relevant P/S and underpinning activities, but reaches out to related P/S in other SOs and activities in the other technical units, which impact on the health and performance of the aquatic eco-systems and dependent communities. At the regional level, it aligns its support with the RAP regional initiative on aquaculture and contributes to other regional initiatives such as water scarcity in RNE and Rice Initiative in RAP. At the national level, several countries have adopted national strategies for blue growth and are seeking FAO technical support in implementing these strategies. Work has been recently initiated in Indonesia, and about to be initiated for Gabon, Algeria and Senegal. Finally, at the global level, the BGI aligns with major organizations (such as UNEP, OECD, World Bank and the EU) and their initiatives launched to promote the concept. These organizations have welcomed a collaboration with FAO on the Blue Growth/Blue Economy. As Global Initiative, it is conducive to resource mobilization (e.g. GEF 6) and advocacy in major events discussing major issues related to Oceans.
- The aim of the Blue Growth Initiative BGI is to promote the sustainable use and conservation of aquatic renewable resources, in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner. It is a cross-cutting initiative which would provide global, regional and national impact to increase food security, improve nutrition, reduce poverty of coastal and riparian communities and support sustainable management of aquatic resources. Within the SPF and for the implementation of PWB 14-15, the Blue Growth Initiative is now a Major Area of Work anchored in SO2 where it clusters relevant P/S and underpinning activities, but reaches out to related P/S in other SOs and activities in the other technical units, which impact on the health and performance of the aquatic eco-systems and dependent communities. At the regional level, it aligns its support with the RAP regional initiative on aquaculture and contributes to other regional initiatives such as water scarcity in RNE and Rice Initiative in RAP. At the national level, several countries have adopted national strategies for Blue Growth and are seeking FAO technical support in implementing these strategies. Work has been recently initiated in Indonesia, and about to be initiated for Gabon, Algeria and Senegal. Finally, at the global level, the BGI aligns with major organizations (such as UNEP, OECD, World Bank and the EU) and their initiatives launched to promote the concept. These organizations have welcomed a collaboration with FAO on the Blue Growth/Blue Economy. As Global Initiative, it is conducive to resource mobilization (e.g. GEF 6) and advocacy in major events discussing major issues related to Oceans. It encompasses 4 components: 1- Capture Fisheries: The aim is to provide policy, technical and capacity-building support to Governments, regional fisheries bodies (RFBs) and industry to ensure that adequate institutional, scientific and legal framework is in place for introducing, supporting and enforcing fisheries management and good practices to combat IUU, reducing overcapacity, restorimg stocks and minimizimg the impact of fishing on the environment. 2- Global Aquaculture Advancement Partnership (GAAP): The aim here is to support an increase in global aquaculture production to meet increased demand for fish as the world population grows. GAAP will contribute to this aim by providing technical and capacity building support to Governments and farmers to develop national strategies for aquaculture development, disseminate and adopt better management and governance policies and best practices that increase productivity and reduce environmental and disease risk to stimulate investment. 3- Livelihoods and food systems: Under this component, FAO would assist members and industry organizations to develop policies for value addition and trade promotion integrating economic performance, food security, sustainability and social protection. With the transition to more sustainable fisheries management, it will promote public/private partnerships that support investment in infrastructure, technology and practices to increase fisheries value addition and quality. 4- Ecosystem Services: Under this component, FAO will contribute expertise to conduct and disseminate national and regional studies on carbon binding possibilities in sea grass beds, mangroves as defense for coastal erosion and storm and wave damage, fish-crop (rice etc.) systems, seaweed cultivation as well as other possibilities. The information will be used to assist communities to create income and livelihoods in coastal communities, reduce poverty, strengthen and improve social conditions.
- Capture fisheries have the potential if we respond correctly to climate change and otherwise do the right things to improve both research, policies and management, to increase production by 10-20 million tons per year and increase global fisheries income by 50 billion USD annually.
- Aquaculture, however, is the most important Blue Growth pathway to meet the challenge of bridging the 100 million ton gap, through the Global Aquaculture Advancement Platform, which was warmly received and endorsed by the COFI Sub-committee on Aquaculture in St. Petersburg in 2013 and then at COFI in Rome in June last year. At current growth rates aquaculture could produce an additional 50 million tons of fish annually. However, growth rates have been falling and this we must prevent. Not by any means but only by sustainable means, since, if the growth is not sustainable, then one day the industry will collapse and cause us greater problems that we can even foresee today. In the past, the industry has grown even faster than it grows today and if these growth rates could be regained, aquaculture could even bridge the gap on its own. We must however remember that the world will not end in 2030, or at least I hope not, and it is therefore good to know that the aquaculture industry can even respond to fish demand post 2030. Ladies and gentlemen, some of you will undoubtedly, and not unreasonable be thinking: “this guy is crazy, aquaculture can never produce as much fish as this without seriously damaging the environment” !! Maybe so, but who else can then produce the animal proteins, the omega 3 fatty acids and all the other nutrients we talked about earlier to feed the growing world population?
- The sector of fisheries and aquaculture contributes significantly to national economies, income and livelihood for millions of people around the world. In 2008, the first sale value of capture fisheries was estimated at US$ 100 billion and that of aquaculture at 98 billion, in addition to US$ 7.4 billion of aquatic plants. This harvest undergoes a primary and a secondary processing before distribution, generating additional value at each subsequent step, estimated in 2007 at US$ 90 billion, 180 US$ billion and 350 US$ billion respectively for primary processing, secondary processing and distribution. This value addition is also accompanied by employment opportunities, especially for women employed in first and secondary processing in developing countries. Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: - 52 million persons in fisheries and aquaculture 2008 195 million along the value chain - 660 - 880 million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their livelihoods
- In non-traditional ecosystem services the sky is the limit, ranging from carbon capture in sea grass beds that can at best be 5-10 times as effective as tropical forests, to rice-fish systems and nature, culture and culinary tourism in coastal areas including coral reefs. This we are already working on with some of our partner countries.
- Grenada- Japan- EQUATORIAL Guinea - Portugal (Blue week Lisbon) Norway – Cabo verde- GEF- FAO –EU -Germany- Colombia- Norway- EU– MULTIDONORS- OTHERS
- Global Network for Blue Growth and Food Security: Blue Growth + Essential 2. Investment readiness facility 3. Innovation and knowledge COFI working group on Blue Growth is being set up in LinkedIn Work with the COFI Bureau and member countries will be intensified leading up to COFI 2016.
- Here you see a brief historical background of the Committee on Fisheries. The Committee on Fisheries (COFI), a subsidiary body of the FAO Council, was established by the FAO Conference at its Thirteenth Session in 1965. The First Session in 1966, and thereafter annually until 1975. Since 1977 the sessions have been held biennially. The Committee has held 31 sessions. The last session (COFI 31) was held in June 2014 and the next session (COFI 32) is scheduled to be held in 2016.
- COFI meetings are held biennially and are open to any FAO Member and non-Member eligible to be an observer of the Organization (Representatives of the UN, UN specialized agencies and Related Organizations, Inter-governmental Organizations including regional fishery bodies, and international non-governmental organizations). The two main functions of COFI are: to review the programmes of work of FAO in the field of fisheries and aquaculture and their implementation; and to conduct periodic general reviews of fishery and aquaculture problems of an international character and appraise such problems and their possible solutions with a view to concerted action by nations, by FAO, inter-governmental bodies and the civil society. COFI may establish sub-committees on certain specific issues, and has done so in two cases: the Sub-Committee on Fish Trade, and the Sub-Committee on Aquaculture. Such subsidiary bodies meet in the intersessional period of the parent Committee. COFI constitutes the only global inter-governmental forum where major international fisheries and aquaculture problems and issues are periodically examined and recommendations are addressed to governments, regional fishery bodies, NGOs, fishworkers, FAO and the international community. COFI has also been used as a forum in which global agreements and non-binding instruments were negotiated. The flagship among these is the 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Together with the other voluntary fisheries instruments that were developed within its framework, – the four International Plans of Action on Seabirds, Sharks, Fishing Capacity, and IUU Fishing, and the FAO Strategy for Improving Information on Status and Trends in Capture Fisheries – the Code embraces and informs FAO’s fisheries work programme and seeks to hasten structural adjustment within the fisheries sector as a means of putting it on a more sustainable footing.
- COFI: created 1965, first session 1966, Rome. Next Session July 2016, Rome, Italy. COFI-FT: created 1985, first session 1986, Rome. Since then in different venues. Next Session 2016 Morocco. COFI-AQ: created 2001, first session 2002, Beijing. Since then in different venues. Next Session 5-9 October 2015 Brazilia, Brazil. COFI is the principal global forum for discussion and decisions on fisheries policy issues The work of COFI is facilitated by its two Sub-Committees who prepare more technical issues for COFI’s endorsement. The existence of the two sub-committees is a unique feature of COFI. The growing relevance of COFI and its two sub-committees is evidenced by strong and growing participation from FAO members and by civil society including private sector organizations
- Composition of participants in COFI 31 (2014) (the number of the persons participated in the session) COFI Members: 110 countries and 347 participants Associated Member of COFI: 1 (Faroe Islands) and 3 participants. Observers from FAO Members: 5 countries and 12 participants Holy See: 3 participants Observers from UN, UN Specialized Agencies and Related Organizations: 6 organizations and 12 participants Observers from Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs): 37 organizations and 59 participants Observers from International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs): 27 organizations and 96 participants. The list of participants is available on the COFI Website: http://www.fao.org/cofi/41776-0ce177486b379dabb9408da3acd708a7b.pdf
- Regional Fishery Bodies (RFBs) are a mechanism through which States or organizations that are parties to an international fishery agreement or ("agreement" is fundamental, and different from arrangement) arrangement work together towards the conservation, management and/or development of fisheries. (Some RFBs, especially those with an ecosystem mandate, work with seabirds, etc that are connected with fisheries but are not fish stocks per se.) The mandates of RFBs vary. Some RFBs have an advisory mandate, and provide advice, decisions or coordinating mechanisms that are not binding on their members. Some RFBs have a management mandate – these are called Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). They adopt fisheries conservation and management measures that are binding on their members. The functions of RFBs also vary. They can include the collection, analysis and dissemination of information and data, coordinating fisheries management through joint schemes and mechanisms, serving as a technical and policy forum, and taking decisions relating to the conservation, management, development and responsible use of the resources. The difference between a "regional fishery body" and a "regional fishery arrangement" is that the former has established a Secretariat that operates under a governing body of member States and the latter does not have.
- FI’s work has long been anchored in combination of advocacy, partnership and outreach. We advocate at global, regional and national levels about the contributions of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture activities to food security and nutrition and to poverty alleviation – and not just in the typical sector fora. This means working to insert fisheries and aquaculture into the global oceans, biodiversity and conservation communities – through dialogs on sustainable development that have frequently forgotten the nexus between environment and natural resource-based production. We are creating the platforms for working group dialogues at the forthcoming Hague Summit at the end of April. You contributed to the global call for managing fishing capacity the other week to better ensure that capture fisheries are able to deliver their full economic and food potential. This means we advocate regionally – through traditional fisheries entities such as regional fisheries management organizations and bodies, but also through our contributions to the NEPAD Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and the Partnership for African Fisheries, and to the Conference for African Ministers for Fisheries and Aquaculture – the CAMFA. Clearly, advocacy is a two-way street with partnerships – and we have many, both internal -- as through our 18 fisheries and aquaculture officer positions around the world -- and external partners. Some of the highlights include: partnerships with Industry and civil society. We don’t have the numbers to reach out to all our stakeholders on the group, but we can through our relationships and networks. During the consultations for the development of the Voluntary Guidelines on Securing Small-scale Fisheries some ¾ of the contributions of approximately 4 thousand participants participated thru CSO-led national consultations. We benefit from and contribute to inter-agency partnerships such as between FAO-IMO-UNEP-UNDP-ILO as well as, for the Fish to 2030 report – with WB/IFPRI/FAO. and We work in partnerships with the GEF, the World Bank Global Ocean Partnership, The 50-in-10 collaboration of NGOs, businesses, public/private investors, philanthropies, & governments – to name a few. And, none of this can occur if we aren’t reaching out – whether on the ground or on the water with our fisheries and aquaculture stakeholders, through our national and regional offices, or at the global level – such as through our forthcoming side events with the - The GEF Assembly in May in Cancun, The 3rd International Conference on Small Island Developing States in September in Samoa, - The Second World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress also in September in Merida, and - co-organizing UserRights 2015 the February global conference on tenure and rights-based approaches for fisheries in Cambodia.