The United Nations projects that world population will rise from just over 7 billion in 2012 to nearly 9.6 billion by 2050. This paper examines the nature of the population challenge globally, the effect of population growth on food demand in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the potential benefits -- in terms of food security, economic growth, and environment -- of reducing fertility levels more quickly than currently projected. This paper then explores promising, non-coercive approaches for reducing fertility rates.
How can the world feed more than 9 billion people by 2050 in a manner that advances economic development and reduces pressure on the environment? This is one of the paramount questions the world faces over the next four decades. Answering it requires a “great balancing act” of three needs - all of which must be met simultaneously.
A menu of solutions to sustainably feed more than 9 billion people by 2050. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/publication/creating-sustainable-food-future-interim-findings
About 24 percent of all calories currently produced for human consumption are lost or wasted. This paper examines the implications of this amount of loss and waste, profiles a number of approaches for reducing it, and puts forth five recommendations for how to move forward on this issue.
On World Environment Day (June 5, 2014), the World Resources Institute (WRI), WorldFish, the World Bank, INRA, and Kasetsart University released the newest installment of the 2013-14 World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, "Improving Productivity and Environmental Performance of Aquaculture."
This working paper examines the implications of doubling aquaculture production between now and 2050, and offers recommendations to ensure that aquaculture growth contributes to a sustainable food future.
Find out more at http://ow.ly/xHnJ2
An examination of the role of four improved land and water management practices and the effect they could have on smallholder crop yields and livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. We then provide a series of recommendations for how to scale up these practices.
Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3 calls for the world to cut per capita food waste in half by 2030. If met, this ambitious target will not only boost food security, but also improve livelihoods, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save land and water. In short, curbing food waste is both a goal in itself and a means of achieving other SDGs. Here's what we know about food loss and waste now.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
How can the world feed more than 9 billion people by 2050 in a manner that advances economic development and reduces pressure on the environment? This is one of the paramount questions the world faces over the next four decades. Answering it requires a “great balancing act” of three needs - all of which must be met simultaneously.
A menu of solutions to sustainably feed more than 9 billion people by 2050. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/publication/creating-sustainable-food-future-interim-findings
About 24 percent of all calories currently produced for human consumption are lost or wasted. This paper examines the implications of this amount of loss and waste, profiles a number of approaches for reducing it, and puts forth five recommendations for how to move forward on this issue.
On World Environment Day (June 5, 2014), the World Resources Institute (WRI), WorldFish, the World Bank, INRA, and Kasetsart University released the newest installment of the 2013-14 World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future, "Improving Productivity and Environmental Performance of Aquaculture."
This working paper examines the implications of doubling aquaculture production between now and 2050, and offers recommendations to ensure that aquaculture growth contributes to a sustainable food future.
Find out more at http://ow.ly/xHnJ2
An examination of the role of four improved land and water management practices and the effect they could have on smallholder crop yields and livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. We then provide a series of recommendations for how to scale up these practices.
Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3 calls for the world to cut per capita food waste in half by 2030. If met, this ambitious target will not only boost food security, but also improve livelihoods, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save land and water. In short, curbing food waste is both a goal in itself and a means of achieving other SDGs. Here's what we know about food loss and waste now.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 18 February 2014, Executive Vice President and Managing Director Manish Bapna offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. The event was hosted by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands. Find out more at http://www.wri.org.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Valuing Our Food: Minimizing Waste and Optimizing Resources - The Scope of th...Steven M. Finn
This presentation addresses the scope and significance of the problem of global food waste - noting that a serious disconnect exists which allows nearly one billion people to go hungry while the world wastes one to two billion tons of food annually. Our values regarding food are well out of balance, and a global food system which creates such vast amounts of waste is in many ways dysfunctional. Industrialized nations display a “culture of abundance” which leads to massive amounts of food waste while the social, economic, and environmental costs of that waste get little mainstream attention. The current state of waste, pollution, and hunger is unsustainable. This presentation notes the importance of valuing our food and optimizing resource usage to prepare the world to handle nine billion people by 2050. While the nine billion by 2050 problem is a daunting challenge, it should also be viewed as a critical opportunity to unite the world with shared purpose to eradicate hunger, minimize environmental impact, and enhance global security through a collaborative global network driven by expertise and urgency. To facilitate this transition, the overall opportunity can be viewed – and addressed – as a series of linked opportunities. This is a journey the world must embrace – we have little choice but to rapidly adopt sustainability principles across the globe which involve minimizing food waste and optimizing resource use if we are to successfully support nine billion people by 2050.
This material was part of a presentation to the IRAS Conference (Institute of Religion in an Age of Science) at Silver Bay, NY on July 31, 2013.
Valuing our food and water resources steven m. finn - june 2014Steven M. Finn
A presentation linking three intertwined topics - food security, water security, and food recovery - with a focus on the need to change behavior and give the proper value to our food and water resources in order to successfully feed 9 billion by 2050. Doing so requires minimizing food and water waste while viewing 9Bx2050 not only as a challenge, but as an opportunity to advance critical sustainability initiatives globally.
Sustainable intensification of aquaculture - FAO consultation 27 nov2014Michael Phillips
Presentation made at the Regional Consultation on Strategy and Action Plan for Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific, organised by FAO. 27-28 November 2014, Bangkok, Thailand
The transformative role of livestock in the developing worldILRI
Presented by Christopher Delgado (World Resources Institute) at the ILRI@40 side event on Livestock-based options for sustainable food systems, Des Moines, USA, 15 October 2014
Tackling food and nutrition security: the importance of gender specific activ...ACIAR
Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
Make Water Matter: A Review of Today's Water Issuesconnect4water
Make Water Matter: A Review of Today's Water Issues.
This SlideShare discusses the major issues our global society is faced with relative to Water Security, Quality, and Hazards. We also discuss how water is linked to all aspects of life ranging from food to energy.
Our goal is to promote awareness, encourage individuals to take action, and to "Make Water Matter!"
Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Development: The scientific support for a new paradigm
A presentation by Prof. Johan Rockström from Stockholm Resilience Centre
Water Land Ecosystem
High level dialogue
New Delhi
3rd May 2013
This is the slideshow i am using now (2013) to open design courses. This part goes over a bit of my background, a bit of history and inspiration for permaculture and its development, and the state of the world. It also begins to explore how permaculture is manifested in the world which is a reflection of the 14 chapters of the Designers manual which acts as a framework for how the course is structured.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
What stories will impact people and the planet in 2014? On 18 February 2014, Executive Vice President and Managing Director Manish Bapna offered his perspectives on the major global developments in economics, business, natural resources and sustainability in the coming year. The event was hosted by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands. Find out more at http://www.wri.org.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 56 on The Land-Water-Energy nexus and the Sustainability of the Food System organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid, the ACP Secretariat and Concord was held on 3rd of July 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C.
Metrics and sustainable diets was the focus of a presentation by Thomas Allen of Bioversity International delivered at the Joint Conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security co-organized by the Belgian Nutrition Society, The Nutrition Society and Société Française de Nutrition on 28 and 29 May 2013 in Lille, France under the auspices of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies, a conference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security. : A system approach to assessing Sustainable Diets. Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Valuing Our Food: Minimizing Waste and Optimizing Resources - The Scope of th...Steven M. Finn
This presentation addresses the scope and significance of the problem of global food waste - noting that a serious disconnect exists which allows nearly one billion people to go hungry while the world wastes one to two billion tons of food annually. Our values regarding food are well out of balance, and a global food system which creates such vast amounts of waste is in many ways dysfunctional. Industrialized nations display a “culture of abundance” which leads to massive amounts of food waste while the social, economic, and environmental costs of that waste get little mainstream attention. The current state of waste, pollution, and hunger is unsustainable. This presentation notes the importance of valuing our food and optimizing resource usage to prepare the world to handle nine billion people by 2050. While the nine billion by 2050 problem is a daunting challenge, it should also be viewed as a critical opportunity to unite the world with shared purpose to eradicate hunger, minimize environmental impact, and enhance global security through a collaborative global network driven by expertise and urgency. To facilitate this transition, the overall opportunity can be viewed – and addressed – as a series of linked opportunities. This is a journey the world must embrace – we have little choice but to rapidly adopt sustainability principles across the globe which involve minimizing food waste and optimizing resource use if we are to successfully support nine billion people by 2050.
This material was part of a presentation to the IRAS Conference (Institute of Religion in an Age of Science) at Silver Bay, NY on July 31, 2013.
Valuing our food and water resources steven m. finn - june 2014Steven M. Finn
A presentation linking three intertwined topics - food security, water security, and food recovery - with a focus on the need to change behavior and give the proper value to our food and water resources in order to successfully feed 9 billion by 2050. Doing so requires minimizing food and water waste while viewing 9Bx2050 not only as a challenge, but as an opportunity to advance critical sustainability initiatives globally.
Sustainable intensification of aquaculture - FAO consultation 27 nov2014Michael Phillips
Presentation made at the Regional Consultation on Strategy and Action Plan for Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture in Asia-Pacific, organised by FAO. 27-28 November 2014, Bangkok, Thailand
The transformative role of livestock in the developing worldILRI
Presented by Christopher Delgado (World Resources Institute) at the ILRI@40 side event on Livestock-based options for sustainable food systems, Des Moines, USA, 15 October 2014
Tackling food and nutrition security: the importance of gender specific activ...ACIAR
Dr Brigitte Bagnol is a researcher associated with the International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC), KYEEMA Foundation, Australia and part of the AIFSC project 'Strengthening food security through family poultry and crop integration'. Her presentation looks at the gender dimensions of this work.
Make Water Matter: A Review of Today's Water Issuesconnect4water
Make Water Matter: A Review of Today's Water Issues.
This SlideShare discusses the major issues our global society is faced with relative to Water Security, Quality, and Hazards. We also discuss how water is linked to all aspects of life ranging from food to energy.
Our goal is to promote awareness, encourage individuals to take action, and to "Make Water Matter!"
Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Development: The scientific support for a new paradigm
A presentation by Prof. Johan Rockström from Stockholm Resilience Centre
Water Land Ecosystem
High level dialogue
New Delhi
3rd May 2013
This is the slideshow i am using now (2013) to open design courses. This part goes over a bit of my background, a bit of history and inspiration for permaculture and its development, and the state of the world. It also begins to explore how permaculture is manifested in the world which is a reflection of the 14 chapters of the Designers manual which acts as a framework for how the course is structured.
DuPont Advisory Committee on Agricultural Innovation and Productivity published The Role of Technology in Agriculture in 2013. The report focuses on meeting global food demand through science-based innovation that reaches farmers around the world.
By 2050, nearly 10 billion people will live on the planet. Can we produce enough food sustainably? "World Resources Report: Creating a Sustainable Food Future" shows that it is possible – but there is no silver bullet.
Learn more at: https://www.wri.org/events/2019/07/how-feed-world-without-destroying-it
View full report: https://sustainablefoodfuture.org
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition SecurityDuPont
DuPont Advisory Committee on Agricultural Innovation and Productivity: 2014 report focuses on global food and nutrition security; farmers, sustainable agriculture, empowering women, training.
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?IFPRI-PIM
CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets Workshop on Rural Transformation in the 21st Century (Vancouver, BC – 28 July 2018, 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists). Presented by Will Masters, Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy and Department of Economics, Tufts University.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
This webinar showcased how efforts in India and sub-Saharan Africa are harnessing renewable energy, in particular solar power, to ensure health facilities have access to clean and reliable electricity. The session covered insights from the recently released report, “A Spoonful of Solar to Help the Medicine Go Down: Exploring Synergies Between Health Care and Energy,” as well as from WRI Africa’s Productive Use of Renewable Energy (PURE) initiative.
DIST-ALERT detects disturbances to any kind of vegetation cover, including forests, grasses, shrubs and even crops, occurring anywhere on Earth in near real-time.
OPERA’s first-of-its-kind vegetation disturbance monitoring product (DIST-ALERT) detects disturbances to any kind of vegetation cover, including forests, grasses, shrubs and even crops, occurring anywhere on Earth in near real-time.
Protecting forests is critical, but meeting biodiversity, climate and sustainable development targets means preventing the loss of other valuable natural ecosystems as well.
In this webinar, local governments and other stakeholders will learn about advanced transmission solutions, including grid-enhancing technologies (GETs) and high-performance conductors. The webinar will cover the mechanics and purpose of these technologies and feature expertise from regulators and subject matter experts. We will also discuss transmission capacity expansion needs, incentives, and how local governments can become involved in transmission-related conversations.
Supercharged by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act, the U.S. is rapidly transitioning to electric vehicles. But access to EV charging remains a key challenge, especially within underserved communities. Cities, towns and counties are at the frontlines of this transition and are actively planning for and deploying charging infrastructure across their communities.
This webinar will share experiences and lessons learned from recent peer-learning cohorts run by WRI in partnership with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory as part of the U.S. Department of Energy Clean Energy to Communities program.
This webinar will help local government staff and other community stakeholders—such as community-based and environmental justice organizations—better understand FERC and the available pathways for these stakeholders to engage with the agency. Featured speakers will cover the history of FERC, how it functions, and its role in affecting the future of the electricity sector. The webinar will also discuss why community voices are valuable at FERC and how these voices can have the greatest impact.
The challenge for 2024 is to understand how we can move those in power to make the necessary shifts toward a net zero, climate-resilient future.
In WRI’s Stories to Watch 2024, WRI’s President & CEO, Ani Dasgupta, presents four key stories that help explain how we can make these shifts. Each story hinges on whether leaders use their power to make life better for people, nature, and the climate — and the factors that influence them.
Our four stories look at the political barriers to effective climate action, how to fix the world’s dysfunctional food system, the missing link in the clean energy revolution, and climate change’s ‘silent killer’.
Learn more: https://www.wri.org/events/2024/1/stories-watch-2024
Join World Resources Institute on December 13 for a webinar that explores grid reliability in the United States and how to help state decisionmakers, regulators, RTOs, and other key stakeholders understand what is needed in the immediate and long-term to build a more reliable grid.
This webinar unpacks findings from the Traceability and Transparency in Supply Chains report, explore priority action areas for closing key gaps, and showcase collaborative approaches to advancing traceability and transparency.
The webinar will introduce a new Roadmap resource for local governments to maximize IRA incentives for clean energy projects and bring economic, health and social benefits to their communities.
In a series of interviews and a literature review, WRI’s U.S. Energy team focused on efforts to achieve full, mature fleet electrification in the long term, which brings in various other considerations, such as grid and utility considerations.
This webinar will go over the key takeaways from this endeavor and will feature expert speakers who will share their experiences and insights around fleet electrification.
This WRI webinar discussed how cities can take advantage of the new economic landscape for clean energy spurred by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). This is a critical moment for local governments to understand the clean energy provisions in the IRA, how they can be leveraged to significantly advance the clean energy transition at the local level, and how cities can mobilize to advance their clean energy goals given these new opportunities.
This webinar explored considerations and actions cities can take to shape a more equitable energy future for their communities. It featured WRI experts and panelists from leading cities who are actively integrating elective pay and clean energy tax credits introduced in the IRA into their clean energy procurements and community programs.
This pitch deck provides local government staff with a modifiable template for proposing actions related to 24/7 CFE procurement to decision makers. The slides include instructions and links to resources to give additional context for potential actions.
This presentation outlines a new Land & Carbon Lab research consortium, Global Pasture Watch, which will contribute to better understanding land use conversion, food production, land productivity, and impacts for biodiversity and climate change at a global scale.
In this high-level webinar, IPCC authors, government representatives and leading carbon removal experts discuss how carbon removal is a critical tool in our toolbox to address the climate crisis.
For the third year in a row, the State of Climate Action provides a comprehensive assessment of the global gap in climate action across the highest-emitting sectors by highlighting where recent progress must accelerate over the next decade to limit warming to 1.5°C.
Learn how Forest Data Partnership’s approach will build alignment of stakeholders to reach consensus around key datasets in the ever-expanding landscape of forest monitoring data.
In this webinar, panelists explored the shared importance of vehicle electrification and shifts to active mobility, the role of various actors in catalyzing new solutions for aviation and maritime shipping, the status of tipping points in driving exponential progress, and how a systems approach can help us reimagine transport as we know it.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. December 9, 2013
Richard Waite, Associate, Food, Forests and Water Program Photo Source: EU Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection
CREATING A SUSTAINABLE
FOOD FUTURE:
ACHIEVING REPLACEMENT LEVEL FERTILITY
2. • The food challenge and menu of solutions
• Population, food security, and environment: Focus
on Africa
• Effective approaches to reducing fertility rates
Agenda
3. HOW CAN THE WORLD FEED MORE THAN
9 BILLION PEOPLE IN 2050 IN A MANNER THAT
ADVANCES DEVELOPMENT AND REDUCES
PRESSURE ON THE ENVIRONMENT?
4. Source: WRI analysis based on Alexandratos, N., and J. Bruinsma. 2012. World agriculture towards
2030/2050: The 2012 revision. Rome: FAO.
The world needs to close the food gap
5. Source: World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators. Accessible at:
<http://databank.worldbank.org/Data/Home.aspx> (accessed December 13, 2012).
The world needs agriculture to support economic
development
6. The world needs to reduce agriculture’s environmental
impact
Share of global impact (percent in 2010)
Source: WRI analysis based on IEA (2012); EIA (2012); EPA (2012); Houghton
(2008); FAO (2011); FAO (2012); Foley et al. (2005).
70
70
100% = 3862 km3 H2O
24
37
100% = 49 Gt CO2e 100% = 13.3 bn ha
WATER
WITHDRAWAL
GREENHOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS
EARTH’S LANDMASS
(EX-ANTARCTICA)
7. A menu of solutions is required to sustainably
close the food gap
Global annual crop production (kcal trillion)*
Source: WRI analysis based on Bruinsma, J. 2009. The Resource Outlook to 2050: By how much do
land, water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Rome: FAO; Alexandratos, N., and J.
Bruinsma. 2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision. Rome: FAO.
* Includes all crops intended for direct human consumption, animal feed, industrial uses, seeds, and biofuels
Illustrative
8. Consumption
Reduce food loss and waste
Shift to healthier diets
Achieve replacement level fertility
Reduce biofuel demand for food crops
Production
Sustainably increase crop yields
Boost yields through attentive crop breeding
Improve soil and water management
Expand onto low-carbon degraded lands
Sustainably increase productivity of livestock
Increase productivity of pasture and grazing lands
Reduce then stabilize wild fish catch
Increase productivity of aquaculture
Menu for a sustainable food future (Preliminary)
9. Menu for a sustainable food future
Contributes to feeding everyone in 2050 while
satisfying (or not negatively impacting) a number
of criteria:
Poverty alleviation
Gender
Ecosystems
Climate
Water
Photo source: Andrew So.
10. The world’s population is projected to grow from about
7 billion people in 2012 to nearly 9.6 billion in 2050, with
half of growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Population (in billions)
Note: “SSA” = Sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan. “LAC” = Latin America and Caribbean. “N America” = North America. “N Africa” =
Rest of Africa.
Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (UNDESA).
2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. New York: United Nations. Total population
by major area, region, and country. Medium fertility scenario.
11. All regions except sub-Saharan Africa are projected to
reach replacement level fertility by 2050
Total fertility rate
Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (UNDESA).
2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. New York: United Nations. Total fertility by
major area, region, and country. Medium fertility scenario.
Note: “SSA” = Sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan. “LAC” = Latin America and Caribbean. “N America” = North America. “N Africa”
= Rest of Africa.
12. 1.5
25% population undernourished
tons/hectare - cereal yields
Source: FAO, WFP and IFAD (2013), WRI analysis based on FAOSTAT (2012), WRI analysis based on
Alexandratos and Bruinsma (2012).
Population, food security and environment in sub-
Saharan Africa: a perfect storm?
25% cereals imported
13. High population growth will create a large “food gap” in
sub-Saharan Africa
Global annual crop production (kcal trillion)*
Source: WRI analysis based on Bruinsma, J. 2009. The Resource Outlook to 2050: By how much do land,
water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Rome: FAO; Alexandratos, N., and J. Bruinsma. 2012.
World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision. Rome: FAO.
2006 - food
availability 2050 - baseline food
availability needed
660
2,380
* Includes all crops intended for direct human consumption, animal feed, industrial uses, seeds, and biofuels
14. Achieving replacement level fertility could help close the
global 2050 food gap
Global annual crop production (kcal trillion)*
Source: WRI analysis based on Bruinsma, J. 2009. The Resource Outlook to 2050: By how much do land,
water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Rome: FAO; Alexandratos, N., and J. Bruinsma. 2012.
World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision. Rome: FAO.
2006 - food
availability 2050 - baseline food
availability needed
9,500
16,000
* Includes all crops intended for direct human consumption, animal feed, industrial uses, seeds, and biofuels
Reduced demand
(worldwide
replacement level
fertility)
10%
15. Achieving replacement level fertility could help close
sub-Saharan Africa’s 2050 food gap
Global annual crop production (kcal trillion)*
Source: WRI analysis based on Bruinsma, J. 2009. The Resource Outlook to 2050: By how much do land,
water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Rome: FAO; Alexandratos, N., and J. Bruinsma. 2012.
World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision. Rome: FAO.
2006 - food
availability 2050 - baseline food
availability needed
660
2,380
* Includes all crops intended for direct human consumption, animal feed, industrial uses, seeds, and biofuels
Reduced demand
(worldwide
replacement level
fertility)
25%
16. Achieving replacement level fertility can bring
about a “demographic dividend”
Source: WRI analysis based on Bruinsma, J. 2009. The Resource Outlook to 2050: By how much do land,
water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Rome: FAO; Alexandratos, N., and J. Bruinsma. 2012.
World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision. Rome: FAO.
Singapore
Hong Kong
South Korea
Taiwan
18. Source: World Bank. 2012. Databank: “Fertility rate, total (births per woman).” Data retrieved
November 30, 2012, from World Development Indicators Online (WDI) database.
Total fertility rates can decline rapidly
Total fertility rate
19. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest total fertility rates
Total fertility rate (2005–2010)
Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (UNDESA).
2013. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. New York: United Nations.
21. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest total share of women
with at least lower secondary education
Percent of women ages 20–39 with at least lower secondary education
(2005–2010)
Source: Harper, S. 2012. “People and the planet.” University of Oxford. Presentation at The Royal
Society, London, April 2012.
22. Photo Source: UK Department for International Development (DFID).
Approach 2: Reduce child and infant mortality
23. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest child mortality rates
Mortality of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births (2005–2010)
Source: World Bank. 2012. Databank: “Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births).” Data retrieved April
2, 2013, from World Development Indicators Online (WDI) database.
24. Photo Source: Travis Lupick.
Approach 3: Increase access to reproductive health services,
including family planning
25. Source: World Bank. 2012. Databank: “Contraceptive prevalence (% of women ages 15-49).” Data
retrieved April 2, 2013, from World Development Indicators Online (WDI) database.
Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest share of women
using contraception
Percent of women ages 15–49 using contraception (2005–2010)