Author: Audun Lem PhD, Senior Fishery Industries Officer A presentation done at an international seminar on fisheries and aquaculture economics held in Spain at the end of July provided information on the changes and developments affecting the world’s fish producers, consumers and markets. The FAO presentation highlights that aquaculture will be overtaking wild capture fisheries by 2018

1. World Supply, Demand and Trade of Fish
and Fishery Products
Audun Lem, PhD
Production and supply
o Aquaculture
o Capture fisheries
Trade and markets
o Price projections
o Consumption by region
o Trade & domestic markets
o Fish & nutrition
o Traceability, eco-labels & sustainability

2. Aquaculture vs capture production
1950 - 2012
Source: FishstatJ & Globefish Highlights (2013) Note: 2011 & 2012 estimated figures
Aquaculture vs capture production
1950 – 2022?
Source: FishstatJ , Globefish Highlights (2013) & OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2013-2022 Note: 2011 & 2012 estimated figures, 2013-2022 projected

3. World aquaculture production map by major species
2011
Capture fisheries today
Marine Fisheries
Large proportion either fully utilized or over-exploited
Limited potential for increased production
In-Land Fisheries
Some stocks collapsed or collapsing
But many remain underutilized
Lack of data

4. FAO databases on 392 wild stocks
6% underutilized
20% moderately utilized
50% fully utilized
15% overfished
6% depleted
2% recovering
7

6. PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY
TRADE AND MARKETS

7. GLOBAL SEAFOOD SINCE 1976
Income growth + Urbanisation + Product development
World fish markets at a
glance
2010 2011 2012
2012
/
2011estim. f'cast
million tonnes %
WORLD BALANCE
Production 148.0 156.2 156.7 0.3
Capture fisheries 89.0 93.5 90.2 -3.5
Aquaculture 59.0 62.7 66.5 6.1
Trade value (exports USD billion) 109.0 127.3 129.3 1.5
Trade volume (live weight) 56.7 58.8 59.6 1.4
Total utilization 148.0 156.2 156.7 0.3
Food 128.0 131.4 134.6 2.4
Feed 14.6 18.3 15.6 -15.0
Other uses 5.4 6.4 6.5 1.6
SUPPLY AND DEMAND INDICATORS
Per caput food consumption:
Food fish (kg/year) 18.6 18.8 19.1 1.3
From capture fisheries (kg/year) 10.0 9.9 9.7 -2.0
From aquaculture (kg/year) 8.6 9.0 9.4 4.9

8. Global market trends
Strong growth: now 4th biggest importer and biggest exporting country
Steadily increasing per kaput consumption: 31 kg/kaput
long-term growth: # 1 market (EU 27)
rising population and stable consumption at 23 kg/kaput
increasing import dependence
long-term growth, overtaking Japan as # 1 importing country
rising population and stable consumption 24 kg/kaput
long-term decline in fish consumption and imports of meat>fish.
high consumption but falling: 57 kg/kaput
Top Importers and Exporters in 2010, 2011 & 2012
* includes intra-EU trade
Source: Globefish Highlights 2013

9. WTO and fish trade
159 MEMBER COUNTRIES
RULES BASED SYSTEM
o TARIFFS
o SPS/TBT
o SUBSIDIES
o DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
ROLE OF BILATERAL/PLURILATERAL AGREEMENTS
World per capita fish consumption map by major species group
2009

10. Fish & Nutrition
Fish provides many valuable nutrients
protein
long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
fat-soluble vitamins
minerals like iron, calcium, iodine, zinc & selenium
With numerous health benefits
(known) reduced risk of cardiac death, aids neurodevelopment in unborn infants
(probable) reduced risk of stroke, (possible) reduced risk of depression
Which are important in developing countries
fish provides nutrients where they are most needed
cheap small pelagics growing component of developing country diets
Globalization of supply chains (separation of producer and consumer)
+
Concerns about food safety and quality assurance
+
Consumer awareness of fisheries sustainability issues
= Growing need for traceability mechanisms and guidelines
Are costs and benefits equally distributed along the supply chain?
Balance between need for traceability and minimizing unnecessary barriers to trade?
Traceability in the Supply Chain

11. Eco-labeling and Certification
Costs & Benefits
o Fishers bear most of the cost retailers reap most of the rewards
o Access to new markets
o Stable supply and integrated value chains

12. Many new labels: clarification needed
oWhat is sustainable?
oTransparent connection to producer
FAO response
Guidelines
o for Eco-Labeling of Fish and Fishery Products from Marine
Capture Fisheries (2005)
o for the Eco-Labeling of Fish and Fishery Products from Inland
Capture Fisheries (2010)
o for Aquaculture Certification (2011)

13. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
Sets out principles and international standards for responsible practices
with respect to the goals of conservation, management and development
FAO actively promoting its implementation and monitoring progress
Internationally agreed but non-binding
CONCLUSIONS
SUPPLY INCREASES THANKS TO AQUACULTURE
o BUT FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STILL AN ISSUE
WORLD TRADE IS INCREASING
o BUT SHARE OF 3 BIG MARKETS DECLINING
o ROLE OF CHINA
o WTO
FISH AND NUTRITION
ROLE OF TRACEABILITY AND LABELING

14. THANK YOU