13. Figure 2. Per capita food losses and waste, at consumption
and pre-consumptions stages, in different regions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Europe North
America and
Oceania
Industrialized
Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Per capita food losses and waste (kg/year)
North Africa,
West and
Central Asia
South and
Southeast
Asia
Latin America
Consumer
Production to retailing
FAO, 2011
14. Figure 3. Part of the initial production lost or wasted,
at different FSC stages, for cereals in different regions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Europe North
America and
Oceania
Industrialized
Asia
Sub-Sahara
Africa
Food losses - Cereals
North Africa,
West and
Central Asia
South and
Southeast
Asia
Latin
America
Consumption
Distribution
Processing
Post-harvest
Agriculture
FAO, 2011
15. Figure 6. Part of the initial production lost or wasted at different stages
of the FSC for fruits and vegetables in different regions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Consumption
Distribution
Processing
Post-harvest
Agriculture
Europe North
America and
Oceania
Industrialized
Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Food losses - Fruits and vegetables
North Africa,
West and
Central Asia
South and
Southeast
Asia
Latin
America
FAO, 2011
16. Figure 9. Part of the initial milk and diary production lost
or wasted for each region at different stages in the FSC
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Consumption
Distribution
Processing
Post-harvest
Agriculture
Europe North
America and
Oceania
Industrialized
Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Food losses - Dairy products
North Africa,
West and
Central Asia
South and
Southeast
Asia
Latin
America
FAO, 2011
17. Food loss and waste also amount to a major
squandering of resources, including:
FAO, 2015
water land energy labour and
capital
20. SOFTCOMMODITIES:HARDREALITIES
Agriculture, forestry and fishing have a huge impact on people and nature,
particularly in some of WWF’s priority regions for conservation
1.3
BILLION
People who are
economically
active in the
agriculture sector
≈80%Proportion of food
in developing
countries produced
by smallholders
30-
50%Expected increase
in food prices
in real terms in
coming decades
45
MILLION
People who fish for
a living threatened
by overfishing and
climate change
SOCIALIMPACTS
WWF, 2014
80%
30%-50%
21. 15,000Average litres of water
used to produce a kilo of
conventionally raised
beef, mostly in
growing feed
70-
85%Global water use
accounted for by
agriculture
250
BILLION
Volume of water
used in cotton
production and
processing each
year in cubic metres
– around 2.6% of
global water use
FRESHWATER
DEFORESTATION <US$2-4.5 WWF, 2014
—
2.6%
15,000
22. 10 | WWF Market Transformation
– around 2.6% of
global water use
80%Percentage of
deforestation
worldwide driven
by food and fibre
production
4Commodities (beef,
palm, pulp/paper
and soy) whose
production is
responsible for over
half of deforestation
(and associated
emissions)
DEFORESTATION
68%Percentage of
remaining forests
in South Asia
that will be lost
to agricultural
expansion by 2030,
if current trends
continue
<US$2-4.5
TRILLION
Estimated value
of natural
capital lost each
year through
deforestation
and forest
degradation
WWF, 2014
2030
23. feed farmed fish
20%Approximate
proportion of global
GHG emissions
from agriculture,
forestry and other
land uses
56%Percentage of non-
CO2 GHG emissions,
such as methane,
from agriculture
CLIMATE
BIODIVERSITY
400+Years of using palm
biodiesel in place of
fossil fuels that it would
take to pay back the
emissions associated
with its production, if
grown on land converted
from peatland rainforest
WWF, 2014
400
24. WWF Market Transformation | 11
4,000+Plant and animal
species already
threatened by
agricultural
expansion
70%Orang-utans on the island of
Borneo living outside protected
areas. Palm oil and pulp
production (for paper) threaten
these critically endangered apes.
Borneo and Sumatra are the
only places in the world where
orang-utans live in the wild
BIODIVERSITY
250,000More than 200,000
loggerhead turtles and
50,000 leatherbacks are
caught on longline hooks
set for tuna, shark and
swordfish each year, and
tens of thousands die
from their injuries
grown on land converted
from peatland rainforest
WWF, 2014
70 20
5
25. Solutions?
caused in another part. Solutions and strate-
gies focus on systemic improvements of the
efficiency and sustainability of food supply
chains. From an economic point of view, sup-
ply chain actors will adopt food loss and waste
reduction measures only if they are profitable
or at least cost-effective. Differences in the
Strategies
for reducing
food loss
and waste
in a
globalized
world
FAO, 2011
27. Achieving Zero Hunger
The critical role of investments
in social protection and agriculture
Second edition
FAO, IFAD and WFP, 2015
28. > Urban Refrigerator
by Lebensmittelretter 2012
“People share food. No money is involved because sharing
also has an ethical dimension. We want to restore food’s
value because it is more than just pure merchandise.”