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First aid slide

This document provides information on general principles of first aid. It discusses the history of organizations like St. John Ambulance Association and aims of first aid like saving lives and preventing deterioration. It outlines the scope of first aid including diagnosis, treatment and transportation. It describes causes of trauma-related deaths and emphasizes the importance of early treatment. Guidelines are provided for assessing airway, breathing and circulation. Specific instructions are given for conditions like bleeding, fractures, burns and more. Transportation techniques like carrying individuals with one or more people are illustrated.

Health & Medicine◦
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID Dr. K.R.Mahapatro M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth) Orthopaedics Specialist, DHH, Koraput. (
HISTORY  1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AT EUROPE  1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AT INDIA  1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)
AIMS OF FIRST AID  TO SAVE THE LIFE OF THE PATIENT  TO IMPROVE THE CONDITION OF THE PATIENT AND NOT ALLOWING TO DETORIATE  SHIFTING OF THE PATIENT
SCOPE OF FIRST AID DIAGNOSIS- HISTORY, SYMPTOM, SIGN TREATMENT TRANSPOTATION
60% TO 80% OF THE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE HOSPITAL WITH TRAUMA HAVE MUSCULO- SKELTAL TRAUMA
CAUSE OF DEATH IN MINUTES- RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN HOURS- BLEEDING IN DAYS- ORGAN FAILURE & FAT EMBOLISM IN WEEKS- INFECTION
35% OF THE DEATH COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN FIRST THREE HOURS OF INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS TREATMENT)
CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY INJURED  SECOND- TO PROVIDE  FIRST-TO GET EXPERT THE PATIENT SURGICAL & TO HOSPITAL ANAESTHETIC CARE, ALIVE IMMEDIATELY AFTER ARRIVAL
3 R’S FOR TRAUMA MANAGEMENT RESUSITATION RECONSTRUCTION REHABILTATION
RULES OF FIRST AID GET  POLICE- 100  FIRE STATION-101 HELP  AMBULANCE-102
When to Call 102  Any life threatening or injury situation  If you are light headed and think you may lose consciousness  Alone in the facility and seriously injured  When someone is injured seriously
RULES OF FIRST AID CHECK  A-AIRWAY  B-BREATHING THE ABC  C-CIRCULATION
First Aid and CPR Know how to get help Let us help you
Get help as quickly as possible Be aware of your own condition  Are you dizzy ?  Light headed?  Chilled and sweating?  Shortness of breath ?  Pain in center of chest spreading to neck, shoulder or arms?  Something gets caught in your throat  Sudden weakness/numbness of the face  Loss of speech / trouble talking or understanding speech  Sudden severe headache  Are you diabetic? eating or checking you blood sugar?  Are you allergic to certain things / been stung by a bee before?
Time is critical - do what you can before the unexpected happens  Keep a Blood Group card  Taking medications? - keep a list in your pocket  Let us know any special needs for your condition  Updateinformation and the emergency contact info in Human Resources 2 times per year
Emergency
RULES OF FIRST AID  MANUAL CHECK PRESSURE FOR  BANDAGE  ELEVATION BLEEDING  PRESSURE POINT  TOURNIQUETE
RULES OF FIRST AID AVOID UNNECESSARY MOVEMENT
RULES OF FIRST AID AVOID GIVING FOODS
RULES OF FIRST AID AVOID EXTERNAL APPLICATION TO THE OPEN WOUND LIKE LIME & HALDI
RULES OF FIRST AID  WEEKNESS LOOK  ANXIOUS/RESTLESS FOR THE COLD SKIN   PALE SIGNS OF   SWEATING TRACHYCARDIA SHOCK  COMPROMISED RESPIRATION
MOUTH TO MOUTH RESPIRATION & EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE
SUFFOCATION  LOSS OF CONSIOUSNESS  PULSE SIGNS&  RESPIRATION SYMPTOMS  CONGESTED FACE & BLUE DISCOLORATION
TREATMENT OF SUFFOCATION  REMOVAL FROM THE ACCIDENT SITE  REMOVE THE FB FROM MOUTH  CORRECT POSTURE-SUPINE, HYPEREXTENSION OF NECK & LIFTING OF LOWER JAW  OBSERVE THE RESPIRATION& ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION SOS
CRP FREQUENCY MOUTH TO MOUTH RESP 10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE 60/MIN IN ADULT WITH TWO ASSISTANT 1 RESP- 5 ECM WITH SINGLE PERSON 2RESP- 15 ECM
FRACTURE
CAUSE OF FRACTURE DIRECT FORCE INDIRECT FORCE MUSCLE FORCE
TYPES OF FRACTURES SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLICATED
Crush Injury Hand
Crush Injury Hand
Crush Injury Hand
Crush Injury Foot
Crush Injury Foot
TYPES OF FRACTURES
TYPES OF FRACTURES
TYPES OF FRACTURES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS SWELLING PAIN LOSSOF MOVEMENT DEFORMITY FRACTURE CREPITATION ABNORMAL MOBILITY
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT PRIORITY AIRWAY BREATHING BLEEDING FRACTURE
TREATMENT LIFESAVING MEASURES DON’T WASH OR APPLY OINTMENT IN OPEN # ELEVATION IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
ELEVATION
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE BANDAGE SPLINT
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
What first aid you should do ?
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
What we do at hospital
Fracture Leg
What you do
What we do at Hospital
SPECIAL FRACTURE  MANDIBLE  FRACTURE SPINE  FRACTURE COLAR BONE  FRACTURE HUMERUS  FRACTURE FOREARM  FRACTURE PELVIS  FRACTURE LOWER LIMB
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTURE
FRACTURE PELVIS
COMPOUND FRACTURE
TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURE CLEAN WITH NORMAL SALINE PUT A STRILE PAD OR CLEAN CLOTH IMMOBILISATION
TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURE
TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURE
SPRAINS
SPRAINS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS SWELLING PAIN PAINFULMOVEMENT TENDERNESS
TREATMENT  REST  ICEPACK  ELEVATION  NSAID  NO MASSAGE  NO OINTMENT  NO HOT-FOMENTATION
DISLOCATION  NEVER TRY TO REDUCE OR MANIPULATE  IMMOBILISE IN DISLOCATED POSITION AND REFER TO HOSPITAL
DISLOCATION
WOUNDS AND BLEEDING
TYPES OF WOUNDS  INCISED WOUND  LACERATED WOUND  PUNCTURED WOUND  CONTUSION  ABRASION
TYPES OF WOUNDS
TYPES OF WOUNDS