First aid slide

GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
OF
FIRST AID
Dr. K.R.Mahapatro
M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth)
Orthopaedics Specialist,
DHH, Koraput.
(

HISTORY
 1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC.
AT EUROPE
 1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC.
AT INDIA
 1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC.
AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION
IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)

AIMS OF FIRST AID
 TO SAVE THE LIFE
OF THE PATIENT
 TO IMPROVE THE
CONDITION OF THE
PATIENT AND NOT
ALLOWING TO
DETORIATE
 SHIFTING OF THE
PATIENT

SCOPE OF FIRST AID

DIAGNOSIS-
HISTORY,
SYMPTOM, SIGN
TREATMENT
TRANSPOTATION

60% TO 80% OF
THE PATIENTS
ADMITTED TO
THE HOSPITAL
WITH TRAUMA
HAVE
MUSCULO-
SKELTAL
TRAUMA

CAUSE OF DEATH
IN MINUTES- RESPIRATORY
FAILURE
IN HOURS- BLEEDING
IN DAYS- ORGAN FAILURE
& FAT EMBOLISM
IN WEEKS- INFECTION

35% OF THE DEATH COULD
HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF
OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN
FIRST THREE HOURS OF
INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS
TREATMENT)

CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY
INJURED
 SECOND- TO
PROVIDE
 FIRST-TO
GET EXPERT
THE PATIENT SURGICAL &
TO HOSPITAL ANAESTHETIC
CARE,
ALIVE
IMMEDIATELY
AFTER
ARRIVAL

3 R’S FOR TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT

RESUSITATION
RECONSTRUCTION
REHABILTATION

RULES OF FIRST AID

GET  POLICE- 100
 FIRE STATION-101

HELP  AMBULANCE-102

When to Call 102
 Any life threatening or injury situation
 If you are light headed and think you may
lose consciousness
 Alone in the facility and seriously injured
 When someone is injured
seriously

RULES OF FIRST AID

CHECK  A-AIRWAY
 B-BREATHING
THE ABC  C-CIRCULATION

First Aid and CPR
Know how to get help
Let us help you

Get help as quickly as possible
Be aware of your own condition
 Are you dizzy ?
 Light headed?
 Chilled and sweating?
 Shortness of breath ?
 Pain in center of chest spreading to neck, shoulder or arms?
 Something gets caught in your throat
 Sudden weakness/numbness of the face
 Loss of speech / trouble talking or understanding speech
 Sudden severe headache
 Are you diabetic? eating or checking you blood sugar?
 Are you allergic to certain things / been stung by a bee before?

Time is critical -
do what you can before the
unexpected happens
 Keep a Blood Group card
 Taking medications? - keep a list in your pocket
 Let us know any special needs for your condition
 Updateinformation and the emergency contact info
in Human Resources 2 times per year

RULES OF FIRST AID

 MANUAL
CHECK PRESSURE
FOR  BANDAGE
 ELEVATION
BLEEDING  PRESSURE POINT
 TOURNIQUETE

RULES OF FIRST AID

AVOID
UNNECESSARY
MOVEMENT

RULES OF FIRST AID

AVOID
GIVING
FOODS

RULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID
EXTERNAL
APPLICATION
TO THE OPEN
WOUND LIKE
LIME &
HALDI

RULES OF FIRST AID
 WEEKNESS
LOOK  ANXIOUS/RESTLESS

FOR THE COLD SKIN

 PALE

SIGNS OF 

SWEATING
TRACHYCARDIA

SHOCK  COMPROMISED
RESPIRATION

MOUTH TO MOUTH
RESPIRATION
&
EXTERNAL CARDIAC
MASSAGE

SUFFOCATION
 LOSS OF
CONSIOUSNESS
 PULSE
SIGNS&  RESPIRATION

SYMPTOMS  CONGESTED FACE
& BLUE
DISCOLORATION

TREATMENT OF
SUFFOCATION
 REMOVAL FROM THE ACCIDENT
SITE
 REMOVE THE FB FROM MOUTH
 CORRECT POSTURE-SUPINE,
HYPEREXTENSION OF NECK &
LIFTING OF LOWER JAW
 OBSERVE THE RESPIRATION&
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION SOS

CRP FREQUENCY
MOUTH TO MOUTH RESP
10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT
EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE
60/MIN IN ADULT
WITH TWO ASSISTANT
1 RESP- 5 ECM
WITH SINGLE PERSON
2RESP- 15 ECM

CAUSE OF FRACTURE

DIRECT FORCE
INDIRECT FORCE
MUSCLE FORCE

TYPES OF FRACTURES

SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLICATED

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SWELLING
PAIN
LOSSOF MOVEMENT
DEFORMITY
FRACTURE CREPITATION
ABNORMAL MOBILITY

TREATMENT PRIORITY

AIRWAY
BREATHING
BLEEDING
FRACTURE

TREATMENT
LIFESAVING MEASURES
DON’T WASH OR APPLY
OINTMENT IN OPEN #
ELEVATION
IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

BANDAGE
SPLINT

What first aid you should do ?

SPECIAL FRACTURE
 MANDIBLE
 FRACTURE SPINE
 FRACTURE COLAR BONE
 FRACTURE HUMERUS
 FRACTURE FOREARM
 FRACTURE PELVIS
 FRACTURE LOWER LIMB

TREATMENT OF COMPOUND
FRACTURE

CLEAN WITH NORMAL SALINE
PUT A STRILE PAD OR CLEAN
CLOTH
IMMOBILISATION

TREATMENT OF COMPOUND
FRACTURE

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

SWELLING
PAIN
PAINFULMOVEMENT
TENDERNESS

TREATMENT
 REST
 ICEPACK
 ELEVATION
 NSAID
 NO MASSAGE
 NO OINTMENT
 NO HOT-FOMENTATION

DISLOCATION
 NEVER TRY TO
REDUCE OR
MANIPULATE
 IMMOBILISE IN
DISLOCATED
POSITION AND
REFER TO
HOSPITAL

TYPES OF WOUNDS
 INCISED
WOUND
 LACERATED
WOUND
 PUNCTURED
WOUND
 CONTUSION
 ABRASION

COMPLICATION OF WOUNDS

BLEEDING INFECTION
(INTERNAL &
EXTERNAL)

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF
BLEEDING
SWEATING
LOSS OF CONSIOUSNESS
PALE SKIN
RIGOR
TRACHYCARDIA
TRACHEPNOEA

CONTROL OF BLEEDING
 MANUAL PRESSURE
 BANDAGE
 ELEVATION
 PRESSURE POINT
 TOURNIQUETE

TYPES OF POISONING

 AS FOOD- Acid, insecticides
 THROUGH RESPIRATION- Carbon
monoxide
 THROUGH INJECTION-Snake Bite, Dog
Bite, Wrong Injection

TREATMENT OF POISONING

 Refer the patient immediately to hospital and
send the remaining of the poisoning to the
hospital.
 Induce Vomiting immediately with the finger
or saturated common salt solution.
Contradiction to vomiting- Acid poisoning &
unconscious patient

TYPES OF BURN INJURY

 SUPERFICIAL & DEEP
 DRY, WET, CHEMICAL, & ATOMIC

CASES REQUIRE REFERRAL

 Childrenmore than 15% burn
 Adults more than 35 % burn

MANAGEMENT
 Retrieval of patient from fire
 Don’t remove the burned dress from wound
 Cover the body with cleaned cloth
 Remove the belt, rings etc.
 Don’t rupture the blebs
 Give sufficient ORS
 Chemical Burn -wash with water

TRANSPOTATION
OF INJURED
PERSON

TRANSPOTATION OF
INJURED PERSON

WITH ONE PERSON
WITH TWO PERSONS
WITH MULTIPLE PERSONS

WITH ONE PERSON
HUMAN CRUTCH

WITH ONE PERSON
FIREMAN LIFT & CARRY

WITH TWO PERSONS
FOUR HAND SEAT

WITH TWO PERSONS
THREE HAND SEAT

WITH TWO PERSONS
FIRE & AFT METHOD

WITH TWO PERSONS
TWO HAND SEAT

WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER

WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER, CROSSING THE WALL

WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER, DOWN THE STAIR-CASE

RULES OF STREACHER

 FOOT OF THE PATIENT
SHOULD FACE FRONT SIDE
EXCEPT DURING GOING UP IN
STAIR CASE & LIFTING IN TO
AMBULANCE

IMPROVISED
METHOD
OF
PREPARING
STREACHER

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Editor's Notes