This document provides an overview of respiratory emergencies for emergency medical responders. It describes the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and signs of adequate versus inadequate breathing. It then details the primary, secondary, and reassessment phases for responding to a respiratory emergency including assessing the scene, airway, breathing, circulation, and vital signs. Specific conditions are covered such as upper airway infections, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, airway obstruction, pulmonary embolism, and hyperventilation. For each, the document outlines management steps like positioning, oxygen administration, ventilation support, and prompt transport.
First aid for patients with Wound, Hemorrhage.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
First aid for patients with Wound, Hemorrhage.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
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Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
,#CHOCKING,#firstaid#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing,#NURSING
Ok, heres the story. I was teaching this otherwise sharp EMT-Basic class that bombed two respiratory emergency tests in a ROW!
So this is the remedial lecture I inflicted on them. I don\'t know if they passed because of this fine work, or just because they were afraid of another lecture fo they failed.
Hope its useful to you.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsupportsystem_nursing/
Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
,#CHOCKING,#firstaid#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing,#NURSING
Ok, heres the story. I was teaching this otherwise sharp EMT-Basic class that bombed two respiratory emergency tests in a ROW!
So this is the remedial lecture I inflicted on them. I don\'t know if they passed because of this fine work, or just because they were afraid of another lecture fo they failed.
Hope its useful to you.
The effects of self regulation education on use of inhaled anti-inflammatories
Noreen M. Clark
Center for Managing Chronic Disease
University of Michigan
Newborn Care: Respiratory distress and phototherapySaide OER Africa
Newborn Care was written for healthcare workers providing special care for newborn infants in level 2 hospitals. It covers: resuscitation at birth, assessing infant size and gestational age, routine care and feeding of both normal and high-risk infants, the prevention, diagnosis and management of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, infection, trauma, bleeding and congenital abnormalities, communication with parents
Advance life support refer to a constellation of interventions needed to support the vital physiological process during a critical illness, while we await response with definitive therapy. These life support measures are instituted to prevent cardiac arrest.
To recognise physiological derangements that arise out of multiple etiologies and stabilize them first.
EVALUATE – IDENTIFY – INTERVENE
The steps of evaluation are
1.Initial impression
2. Primary assessment
3. Secondary assessment
4. Diagnostic test
Gives insight to overall physiological status and functioning of the brain.
TICLS
Tone: Look for general posture of the child has adopted
Interactive: Is the child responsive and interacting appropriately, unresponsive or lethargic.
Consolable: Irritable, consolable or inconsolable
Look\Gaze: How is the child looking at mother, any vacant gaze
Speech: Is the child able to speak or vocalise as is appropriate for age or is there a paucity\weak\hoarseness of voice.
IDENTIFY = Abnormality in any of these parameters point towards a brain dysfunction
Impaired consciousness is a significant alteration in the awareness of self and environment with varying degree of wakefulness.
Unconsciousness persisting for at lest 1 hr – Coma.
Younger children more likely to have coma or altered sensorium secondary to non-traumatic etiology, where as traumatic brain injury is more common in older children.
Always rule out reversible causes of coma, like hypoglycemia, hyperglycaemia and electrolyte imbalance.
Any severe systemic illness can cause altered consciousness as a result of hypoxic ischemic insult, which if on-going can aggravate raised ICT.
This is part two of the diabetes presentation aimed for pharmacists and allied health professional who are interested in tailoring special pharmaceutical care plans for diabetic patients.
Many have troubles choosing the proper insulin type and dosing for their patients.. Here is a quick presentation that introduce you to different studies in that matter.
This presentation is intended for healthcare prfessionals
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
3. Respiratory System:
• The primary function of the respiratory system is to
supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood
to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.
• Respiration is achieved through the mouth, nose,
trachea, lungs, and diaphragm.
• Oxygen enters through the mouth and the nose.
• The oxygen then passes through the larynx and the
trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity.
• The trachea splits into two smaller tubes called the
bronchi.
• Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. These divide
into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli.
• The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the
capillaries into the arterial blood.
• The waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the
alveoli.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
3
5. Adequate breathing:
o Usually regular rhythm
o Rhythm may be slightly
irregular influenced by
talking
o Breath sounds are present
and equal.
o Chest expansion is
adequate and equal.
o Minimal effort.
o Adequate tidal volume.
6. Inadequate breathing:
o Breathing rate outside normal
range.
o Rhythm may be irregular at
rest.
o Inadequate depth.
o Shallow volume.
o Diminished or absent
breathing sounds.
o Unequal or inadequate chest
expansion.
o Increased effort and use of
accessory muscles to breathe.
8. Respiratory Emergencies:
Primary Assessment:
Scene Size-up:
Scene safety:
1. Ensure safe access to patient.
2. Consider that the patient may
be in distress because of
exposure to toxic materials.
3. Use a HEPA respirator if there is
evidence of communicable
diseases.
4. Assess the need for additional
resources.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
8
9. Respiratory Emergencies:
Primary Assessment:
Scene Size-up:
Mechanism of Injury:
1. Observe the scene and look for
possible MoI.
2. Ensure that the RE is not a
result of traumatic injury.
3. Question the patient, family
members, or bystanders for
possible MoI.
4. Observe for signs of urticaria,
chest pain, and fever.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
9
10. Respiratory Emergencies:
Primary Assessment:
Form a general impression:
1. Perform a rapid scan to the
patient.
2. Is the patient in a tripod
position?
3. Does the patient have a barrel
chest?
4. AVPU?
5. Set priorities depending on
MoI.
6. Call emergency…
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
10
11. Respiratory Emergencies:
Primary Assessment:
Airway and Breathing:
1. Ensure airways are open.
2. If closed open using jaw thrust.
3. A person with altered level of
consciousness, may need
emergency help.
4. Consider nasopharyngeal or
oropharyngeal airway.
5. Assess for gurgling or stridor.
6. Suction as needed.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
11
12. Respiratory Emergencies:
Primary Assessment:
Airway and Breathing:
1. Evaluate the patient’s ventilatory status for rate,
depth, effort, and tidal volume.
2. Inspect the chest for DCAP-BTLS
1. Deformities
2. Contustions
3. Abrasions
Determine if the
4. Punctures/Penetrations
breathing is adequate
5. Burns
or not…
6. Tenderness
7. Lacerations
8. Swelling
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
12
13. Respiratory Emergencies:
Primary Assessment:
Circulation:
1. Evaluate distal pulse rate, strength, and rhythm.
2. Tachycardia
respiratory distress.
shock.
3. Bradycardia
possible cardiac emergency.
medication reaction or poisoning.
4. Observe skin color, temperature, and condition.
5. Look for life-threatening bleeding and treat accordingly.
6. Transport of O2 may be reduced due to lack or RBC.
7. If distal pulse is not palpable, assess central pulse.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
13
15. Respiratory Emergencies:
History Taking:
Investigate the chief complaint:
1. Monitor patient for mental changes.
2. Ask OPQRST, and SAMPLE
questions.
3. Identify pertinent negatives.
4. Has the patient done anything for
their breathing problem?
5. If inhaler was used, how many
does?
6. Is the patient coughing?
7. Can he sleep lying down?
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
15
16. Respiratory Emergencies:
Secondary Assessment:
Physical Exam:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Perform Head-to-Toe exam.
Check for DCAP-BTLS.
Focus on respiratory efforts, and respiratory adequacy.
The sounds you hear when you auscultate will help you
determine lung function.
Accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, pursed lips,
confusion, and tachypnea are signs of respiratory distress.
Look for hives.
Examine skin color, cyanosis is a sign of hypoxia.
Monitor mental status.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
16
17. Respiratory Emergencies:
Secondary Assessment:
Vital signs:
1. Obtain baseline vital signs.
2. Repeat every 5-15 mins.
3. Vital signs should include BP by
ausculation, pulse rate and quality,
respiration rate and quality, and
skin assessment for perfusion.
4. Level of concousness.
5. Pulse oximeter to determine
perfusion status.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
17
18. Respiratory Emergencies:
Reassessment:
Interventions:
1. Reassess the primary examination,
vital signs, and chief complaint.
2. Assist breathing as required.
3. Administer high flow O2.
4. Assist patient with prescribed meds.
5. Check interventions rendered.
6. Be prepared to modify treatment.
7. Support the cardio-vascular system.
8. Do not delay transport.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
18
19. Respiratory Emergencies:
General Management of RE:
1. Managing life-threatening ABCs and
ensuring high flow O2 delivery are
the major concerns.
2. Patients breathing with less than 8
breaths/min or more than 30
breaths/min should have
ventilations assisted with a bagmask device.
3. Continually assess mental health.
4. Transport in the position of comfort.
5. Use precautions (HEPA mask).
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
19
20. Respiratory Emergencies:
Upper or lower airway infections:
1. Dyspnea may be from croup or epiglottitis.
2. Patient should receive humidified O2 if
available,
3. Patient sitting forward, seem lethargic, or
are drooling may have epiglottitis.
4. Don’t force patient to lie down or to insert
an oropharyngeal tube. It may cause spasm
and complete obstriction. Transport rapidly.
5. In lower infections, provide O2, monitor
signs, and transport to hospital
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
20
21. Respiratory Emergencies:
Acute pulmonary edema:
1. Congestive heart failure or toxic inhalation
may cause pulmonary edema.
2. Place the patient in position of comfort
(sitting-up).
3. Administer high flow O2.
4. Provide ventilatory support and suction.
5. Continuous positive air can be provided.
6. Transport quickly to hospital.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
21
22. Respiratory Emergencies:
COPD:
1. Patient maybe semiconscious or unconscious due to
hypoxia.
2. They may appear to have respiratory distress or
cyanotic.
3. They may have pursed lips and may be using
accessory muscles to breathe (shoulders and neck).
4. Assist with patient’s prescribed inhaler. Document
time and effect of each use.
5. Many may overuse their inhalers.
6. Keep patient in sit-upright position.
7. Treat with full-flow oxygen using a non-rebreathing
mask.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
22
23. Respiratory Emergencies:
Asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis:
1. Not all wheezing is related to asthma….
2. If patient is asthmatic help with
inhaler/nebulizer.
3. Hay fever requires support. If
accompanied with cold symptoms,
oxygen might be needed.
4. Anaphylaxis is a true emergency that
requires transporting the patient to the
hospital.
5. Use epinephrine shot if the patient was prescribed it.
6. Inject the epinephrine in the thigh at 90° angle.
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
23
27. Respiratory Emergencies:
Pulmonary embolism:
Ventilation perfusion mismatch
No gas exchange takes place
Patient is hypoxic
Cardiac arrest may
occur
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
Sitting position is
preferred
Clear airway from
hymoptysis
Provide Oxygen
27
29. Clinical Pharmacy VI:
First Aid
Anas Bahnassi PhD CDM CDE
abahnassi@gmail.com
http://www.twitter.com/abpharm
http://www.facebook.com/pharmaprof
http://www.linkedin.com/in/abahnassi