The document provides information about first aid and emergency medical services. It discusses the history of first aid, including how the concept was developed in the 11th century by religious knights. It also outlines the principles and golden rules of first aid, such as acting quickly but with a stable mind. The document describes emergency medical services and the components that make up an emergency response system. It provides details on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), bandaging techniques, splinting, and transporting injured individuals.
The document discusses the concepts of first aid and emergency medical services. It defines first aid as immediate care provided by a bystander to an injured or ill person until medical treatment can be accessed. The history of organized first aid is traced back to religious orders in the 11th century, with modern concepts developing in the late 19th century with organizations like the Red Cross. The principles of first aid are described as acting quickly but with a calm demeanor, gaining the patient's trust, and preventing worsening of conditions. The components of emergency medical systems are outlined, along with the DRABC action plan for assessing patients.
Bandaging and Splinting & Slings; Techniques and Types (Health Subject)Jewel Jem
This document discusses various types of bandages and splints used to stabilize and support injured body parts. It describes roller bandages, self-adhering bandages, gauze rollers, elastic bandages, and triangular bandages. Different widths of roller bandages are suited for specific body areas like fingers, wrists, ankles, and legs. Splinting is used to stabilize injuries, reduce pain and prevent further damage. Types of splints include air splints, pillow splints, and buddy taping. Slings are used to support injured arms, immobilizing and protecting the area as it heals. The document provides guidance on bandaging and splinting different body areas like the head, shoulder
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, can be caused by picking the nose, blowing the nose, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, infections like the common cold, or head injuries. The first aid for a nosebleed involves having the person sit upright and pinch the nostrils while applying cold compresses to the nose and neck area to help constrict blood vessels and stop bleeding. Medical attention should be sought if bleeding does not stop or becomes heavy.
This document provides information on general principles of first aid. It discusses the history of organizations like St. John Ambulance Association and aims of first aid like saving lives and preventing deterioration. It outlines the scope of first aid including diagnosis, treatment and transportation. It describes causes of trauma-related deaths and emphasizes the importance of early treatment. Guidelines are provided for assessing airway, breathing and circulation. Specific instructions are given for conditions like bleeding, fractures, burns and more. Transportation techniques like carrying individuals with one or more people are illustrated.
This document provides guidance on splinting fractures and injuries. It describes splints as devices used to immobilize fractured bones or injured joints prior to medical treatment. The purposes of splinting are to immobilize the injured area, prevent further injury from bone fragments, reduce pain, and manage sprains and strains. General rules for splinting include using padding to support the injured area without interfering with circulation. Improvised materials like wood, cardboard or the body itself can be used to splint fractures until medical help arrives. The document provides specific guidance on splinting different areas, such as the upper arm, elbow, forearm, and lower extremities.
The document discusses guidelines for making hospital beds. It explains that beds need to be prepared for different purposes like after hygiene care, for occupied patients, or for surgery. Proper practices include washing hands, avoiding shaking soiled linen, and not placing soiled linen on the floor or another patient's bed. Different types of beds are described like admission, postoperative, and fracture beds. Principles of asepsis, patient comfort and safety, and efficient techniques are outlined.
This document describes various types of restraints used in pediatric nursing, including their purposes, procedures, and complications. It outlines restraints like mummy, elbow/knee, jacket, extremity, crib net, side rail, and abdominal restraints. Restraints are used to minimize movement, examine/treat patients, and ensure safety. They must not be too tight to avoid circulation issues. Nurses are responsible for explaining restraints, monitoring patients, and promoting safety, comfort and development.
The document discusses the concepts of first aid and emergency medical services. It defines first aid as immediate care provided by a bystander to an injured or ill person until medical treatment can be accessed. The history of organized first aid is traced back to religious orders in the 11th century, with modern concepts developing in the late 19th century with organizations like the Red Cross. The principles of first aid are described as acting quickly but with a calm demeanor, gaining the patient's trust, and preventing worsening of conditions. The components of emergency medical systems are outlined, along with the DRABC action plan for assessing patients.
Bandaging and Splinting & Slings; Techniques and Types (Health Subject)Jewel Jem
This document discusses various types of bandages and splints used to stabilize and support injured body parts. It describes roller bandages, self-adhering bandages, gauze rollers, elastic bandages, and triangular bandages. Different widths of roller bandages are suited for specific body areas like fingers, wrists, ankles, and legs. Splinting is used to stabilize injuries, reduce pain and prevent further damage. Types of splints include air splints, pillow splints, and buddy taping. Slings are used to support injured arms, immobilizing and protecting the area as it heals. The document provides guidance on bandaging and splinting different body areas like the head, shoulder
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, can be caused by picking the nose, blowing the nose, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, infections like the common cold, or head injuries. The first aid for a nosebleed involves having the person sit upright and pinch the nostrils while applying cold compresses to the nose and neck area to help constrict blood vessels and stop bleeding. Medical attention should be sought if bleeding does not stop or becomes heavy.
This document provides information on general principles of first aid. It discusses the history of organizations like St. John Ambulance Association and aims of first aid like saving lives and preventing deterioration. It outlines the scope of first aid including diagnosis, treatment and transportation. It describes causes of trauma-related deaths and emphasizes the importance of early treatment. Guidelines are provided for assessing airway, breathing and circulation. Specific instructions are given for conditions like bleeding, fractures, burns and more. Transportation techniques like carrying individuals with one or more people are illustrated.
This document provides guidance on splinting fractures and injuries. It describes splints as devices used to immobilize fractured bones or injured joints prior to medical treatment. The purposes of splinting are to immobilize the injured area, prevent further injury from bone fragments, reduce pain, and manage sprains and strains. General rules for splinting include using padding to support the injured area without interfering with circulation. Improvised materials like wood, cardboard or the body itself can be used to splint fractures until medical help arrives. The document provides specific guidance on splinting different areas, such as the upper arm, elbow, forearm, and lower extremities.
The document discusses guidelines for making hospital beds. It explains that beds need to be prepared for different purposes like after hygiene care, for occupied patients, or for surgery. Proper practices include washing hands, avoiding shaking soiled linen, and not placing soiled linen on the floor or another patient's bed. Different types of beds are described like admission, postoperative, and fracture beds. Principles of asepsis, patient comfort and safety, and efficient techniques are outlined.
This document describes various types of restraints used in pediatric nursing, including their purposes, procedures, and complications. It outlines restraints like mummy, elbow/knee, jacket, extremity, crib net, side rail, and abdominal restraints. Restraints are used to minimize movement, examine/treat patients, and ensure safety. They must not be too tight to avoid circulation issues. Nurses are responsible for explaining restraints, monitoring patients, and promoting safety, comfort and development.
- The document discusses the care of patients with pain, including definitions, types, causes, assessment, and management of pain.
- Types of pain include acute pain (less than 6 months), chronic pain (more than 6 months), nociceptive, somatic, visceral, referred, psychogenic, and neuropathic pain.
- Non-pharmacological management includes relaxation, distraction, guided imagery, acupuncture, massage, music therapy, laughter therapy, thermotherapy, exercise, hypnosis, biofeedback, cutaneous stimulation, TENS, and aromatherapy.
- Pharmacological management involves non-opioid analgesics for minor pain and opioid analgesics (narcotics) available by prescription for
Bandages are used to cover wounds and injured body parts. They serve several purposes, including preventing contamination, providing support, immobilizing fractures, and maintaining pressure. When applying a bandage, one should support the injured area, pad bony areas, and wrap neither too tightly nor too loosely. Bandages must be checked daily for signs of infection or improper tightness and changed regularly. Different types of bandages are used depending on the body part and specific needs.
This document provides information on different types of bandages and how to apply them. It discusses roller bandages, triangular bandages, and tailed bandages. It describes the principles of bandaging, such as supporting the injured area, checking circulation, and using different wrapping techniques like spiral turns. Specific instructions are provided on applying triangular bandages, roller bandages using different turns, and other bandage styles like the T-bandage and spica bandage.
This document discusses various comfort devices used to provide comfort to patients. It describes pillows, back rests, hand rolls, foot rests, knee rests, sand bags, air/water mattresses, rubber/cotton rings, bed cradles, bed blocks, air cushions, cardiac tables, side rails, wedge/abductor pillows, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on how it is constructed and its purpose in maintaining patient alignment, reducing pressure, and adding to physical comfort. The overall goal of comfort devices is to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
This document provides information on various types of bandaging including the principles, procedures, and techniques for bandaging different parts of the body like the eye, ear, finger, elbow, and stump. It discusses selecting the appropriate bandage material, preparing the patient, and correctly applying bandages while following steps like starting from the inner aspect and overlapping turns. Specific bandaging methods are explained for different body parts.
This document discusses medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis refers to practices that reduce pathogen transmission between patients, such as proper hand washing and cleaning supplies between patients. Surgical asepsis aims to keep surgical areas and equipment sterile to prevent infections. Methods of sterilization discussed include dry heat, moist heat like autoclaving, flaming, boiling, radiation, and chemicals like ethylene oxide. Guidelines for medical asepsis include hand washing, cleaning supplies between patients, proper disposal of soiled materials, and maintaining clean areas separate from dirty areas. Surgical asepsis requires maintaining sterility in operating rooms and for procedures.
Bandaging involves covering an injured body part to support it and restrict movement. The main purposes of bandaging are to support injuries, control bleeding, prevent contamination and swelling, and immobilize fractures or dislocations. Common types of bandages include roller, triangular, and special bandages. General principles for applying bandages properly include using the right size and material, supporting the injury, and ensuring the bandage is not too tight or loose. Different winding techniques are used depending on the body part, such as simple spiral, figure-of-eight, and spica wraps. Slings are also used to support injured upper limbs.
Introduction to Nursing-
Concept
Meaning
Definition of Nursing-
1. According to Florence Nightingale
2. According to American Nurses Association
Scope of Nursing
Aims of Nursing
Roles, Responsibilities and functions of nursing
This document provides information about first aid, including defining first aid, listing typical first aid equipment, and outlining the history and development of first aid. It describes how the events at the Battle of Solferino in 1859 inspired the founding of the Red Cross and establishment of first aid services. The document also gives basic rules of first aid, outlines first aid procedures for bone fractures including immobilization and treating for shock, lists types of fractures, and discusses common treatments for bone fractures such as casting, bracing, traction, external fixation, and open reduction internal fixation surgery.
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of costal cartilage and ribs. It describes the structure of costal cartilage, including its surfaces, borders and extremities. It also discusses the structure of ribs, including the head, neck, body, angle and tubercle. The document outlines the types of ribs and their attachments. It explains that costal cartilage and ribs help protect organs and allow for expansion of the thoracic cavity during breathing. Common injuries to costal cartilage and ribs like fractures and cartilage separation are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of a first aid course, including its subject, total hours, units, and unit descriptions. The course covers first aid for emergencies and includes topics like asphyxia, drowning, shock, wounds, injuries to bones and joints like fractures and sprains, burns, poisoning, and foreign objects in areas like the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also describes common injuries and their causes like strains from overuse of muscles, sprains which are ligament tears in joints, and scalds which are burns from hot liquids.
This document discusses various types of disasters including fire, explosions, floods, and earthquakes. It provides guidance on first aid for each type of disaster such as remaining calm during a fire, controlling bleeding for explosion victims, evacuating to higher ground during floods, and dropping and covering during earthquakes. The document also discusses the roles of nurses in immediate disaster response like assessing airways and providing first aid, and later roles like monitoring patients and preventing disease outbreaks. Rehabilitation for disaster victims is also summarized, including primary treatment, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and assistance with readjustment.
1) There are several methods for transporting injured individuals depending on the severity of injuries and number of available assistants. These include carrying methods like cradle carry, human crutch, and fireman's lift as well as dragging and stretcher techniques.
2) When two assistants are available, injured persons can be transported using two-handed or four-handed seats, on a chair with cloth restraints, or using the fore and aft carry method.
3) Stretchers like the standard Furley stretcher, pole and canvas stretcher, and trolley cot can also be used to transport injured casualties, especially for longer distances or those with suspected spinal injuries.
Blood is a vital transport system that circulates through the body delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste. It consists of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen throughout the body, while white blood cells help fight infection. The document provides detailed information on the components, properties, and functions of blood and its various cell types.
This document provides information on hair washing procedures for patients. It discusses the purposes of hair washing, which include keeping hair clean, healthy and tidy. It outlines the nursing assessment process, common hair and scalp problems, and principles of hair washing such as maintaining privacy and preventing water from entering ears or eyes. The document then describes the hair washing procedure step-by-step and lists the necessary articles. It emphasizes assessing any medical conditions, checking water temperature, and ensuring the patient's comfort throughout the process.
The document provides an overview of social welfare programmes in India, with a focus on programmes for women and children. It discusses the need for social welfare programmes to protect vulnerable groups and the classification of such programmes. Several key programmes are outlined, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme which provides early childhood care, education, and nutrition. The National Policy for Children aims to ensure rights and well-being of all children in India. Other programmes described support adolescent girls, child health and nutrition, and women's empowerment and safety.
CPR involves chest compressions and assisted ventilation to restore circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen in someone experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. It consists of basic life support provided by any first responder and advanced life support involving intubation, defibrillation, and drugs. The procedure for CPR involves checking responsiveness, feeling for a pulse, clearing the airway, giving chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute to a depth of 1.5-2 inches, and rescue breaths at 10-12 breaths per minute until spontaneous circulation returns.
Tepid Sponge Bath lecture and procedure for First Year Level Nursing students during their Return Demonstration. This is taken from a procedure manual good for both students and instructor.
First aid and basic life support involves treating injuries or sudden illnesses before emergency medical help arrives. It aims to preserve life, prevent conditions from worsening, and promote recovery. Key areas covered include first aid, CPR, AED use, bleeding control, shock treatment, burns care, fracture/dislocation treatment, and safe patient lifting techniques. First responders must ensure scene safety, activate emergency services as needed, provide appropriate care within their training, and seek professional help for situations beyond their scope.
First aid is emergency care provided until full medical treatment is available. It aims to preserve life, prevent further injury, and promote recovery through steps like opening airways, stopping bleeding, and treating for shock. Key skills include CPR, splinting, and wound treatment. A first aid kit should contain dressings, bandages, gloves, and other supplies. The principles of first aid are to preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery, take immediate action, and call for help.
- The document discusses the care of patients with pain, including definitions, types, causes, assessment, and management of pain.
- Types of pain include acute pain (less than 6 months), chronic pain (more than 6 months), nociceptive, somatic, visceral, referred, psychogenic, and neuropathic pain.
- Non-pharmacological management includes relaxation, distraction, guided imagery, acupuncture, massage, music therapy, laughter therapy, thermotherapy, exercise, hypnosis, biofeedback, cutaneous stimulation, TENS, and aromatherapy.
- Pharmacological management involves non-opioid analgesics for minor pain and opioid analgesics (narcotics) available by prescription for
Bandages are used to cover wounds and injured body parts. They serve several purposes, including preventing contamination, providing support, immobilizing fractures, and maintaining pressure. When applying a bandage, one should support the injured area, pad bony areas, and wrap neither too tightly nor too loosely. Bandages must be checked daily for signs of infection or improper tightness and changed regularly. Different types of bandages are used depending on the body part and specific needs.
This document provides information on different types of bandages and how to apply them. It discusses roller bandages, triangular bandages, and tailed bandages. It describes the principles of bandaging, such as supporting the injured area, checking circulation, and using different wrapping techniques like spiral turns. Specific instructions are provided on applying triangular bandages, roller bandages using different turns, and other bandage styles like the T-bandage and spica bandage.
This document discusses various comfort devices used to provide comfort to patients. It describes pillows, back rests, hand rolls, foot rests, knee rests, sand bags, air/water mattresses, rubber/cotton rings, bed cradles, bed blocks, air cushions, cardiac tables, side rails, wedge/abductor pillows, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on how it is constructed and its purpose in maintaining patient alignment, reducing pressure, and adding to physical comfort. The overall goal of comfort devices is to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
This document provides information on various types of bandaging including the principles, procedures, and techniques for bandaging different parts of the body like the eye, ear, finger, elbow, and stump. It discusses selecting the appropriate bandage material, preparing the patient, and correctly applying bandages while following steps like starting from the inner aspect and overlapping turns. Specific bandaging methods are explained for different body parts.
This document discusses medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis refers to practices that reduce pathogen transmission between patients, such as proper hand washing and cleaning supplies between patients. Surgical asepsis aims to keep surgical areas and equipment sterile to prevent infections. Methods of sterilization discussed include dry heat, moist heat like autoclaving, flaming, boiling, radiation, and chemicals like ethylene oxide. Guidelines for medical asepsis include hand washing, cleaning supplies between patients, proper disposal of soiled materials, and maintaining clean areas separate from dirty areas. Surgical asepsis requires maintaining sterility in operating rooms and for procedures.
Bandaging involves covering an injured body part to support it and restrict movement. The main purposes of bandaging are to support injuries, control bleeding, prevent contamination and swelling, and immobilize fractures or dislocations. Common types of bandages include roller, triangular, and special bandages. General principles for applying bandages properly include using the right size and material, supporting the injury, and ensuring the bandage is not too tight or loose. Different winding techniques are used depending on the body part, such as simple spiral, figure-of-eight, and spica wraps. Slings are also used to support injured upper limbs.
Introduction to Nursing-
Concept
Meaning
Definition of Nursing-
1. According to Florence Nightingale
2. According to American Nurses Association
Scope of Nursing
Aims of Nursing
Roles, Responsibilities and functions of nursing
This document provides information about first aid, including defining first aid, listing typical first aid equipment, and outlining the history and development of first aid. It describes how the events at the Battle of Solferino in 1859 inspired the founding of the Red Cross and establishment of first aid services. The document also gives basic rules of first aid, outlines first aid procedures for bone fractures including immobilization and treating for shock, lists types of fractures, and discusses common treatments for bone fractures such as casting, bracing, traction, external fixation, and open reduction internal fixation surgery.
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of costal cartilage and ribs. It describes the structure of costal cartilage, including its surfaces, borders and extremities. It also discusses the structure of ribs, including the head, neck, body, angle and tubercle. The document outlines the types of ribs and their attachments. It explains that costal cartilage and ribs help protect organs and allow for expansion of the thoracic cavity during breathing. Common injuries to costal cartilage and ribs like fractures and cartilage separation are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of a first aid course, including its subject, total hours, units, and unit descriptions. The course covers first aid for emergencies and includes topics like asphyxia, drowning, shock, wounds, injuries to bones and joints like fractures and sprains, burns, poisoning, and foreign objects in areas like the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also describes common injuries and their causes like strains from overuse of muscles, sprains which are ligament tears in joints, and scalds which are burns from hot liquids.
This document discusses various types of disasters including fire, explosions, floods, and earthquakes. It provides guidance on first aid for each type of disaster such as remaining calm during a fire, controlling bleeding for explosion victims, evacuating to higher ground during floods, and dropping and covering during earthquakes. The document also discusses the roles of nurses in immediate disaster response like assessing airways and providing first aid, and later roles like monitoring patients and preventing disease outbreaks. Rehabilitation for disaster victims is also summarized, including primary treatment, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and assistance with readjustment.
1) There are several methods for transporting injured individuals depending on the severity of injuries and number of available assistants. These include carrying methods like cradle carry, human crutch, and fireman's lift as well as dragging and stretcher techniques.
2) When two assistants are available, injured persons can be transported using two-handed or four-handed seats, on a chair with cloth restraints, or using the fore and aft carry method.
3) Stretchers like the standard Furley stretcher, pole and canvas stretcher, and trolley cot can also be used to transport injured casualties, especially for longer distances or those with suspected spinal injuries.
Blood is a vital transport system that circulates through the body delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste. It consists of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen throughout the body, while white blood cells help fight infection. The document provides detailed information on the components, properties, and functions of blood and its various cell types.
This document provides information on hair washing procedures for patients. It discusses the purposes of hair washing, which include keeping hair clean, healthy and tidy. It outlines the nursing assessment process, common hair and scalp problems, and principles of hair washing such as maintaining privacy and preventing water from entering ears or eyes. The document then describes the hair washing procedure step-by-step and lists the necessary articles. It emphasizes assessing any medical conditions, checking water temperature, and ensuring the patient's comfort throughout the process.
The document provides an overview of social welfare programmes in India, with a focus on programmes for women and children. It discusses the need for social welfare programmes to protect vulnerable groups and the classification of such programmes. Several key programmes are outlined, including the Integrated Child Development Services scheme which provides early childhood care, education, and nutrition. The National Policy for Children aims to ensure rights and well-being of all children in India. Other programmes described support adolescent girls, child health and nutrition, and women's empowerment and safety.
CPR involves chest compressions and assisted ventilation to restore circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen in someone experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. It consists of basic life support provided by any first responder and advanced life support involving intubation, defibrillation, and drugs. The procedure for CPR involves checking responsiveness, feeling for a pulse, clearing the airway, giving chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute to a depth of 1.5-2 inches, and rescue breaths at 10-12 breaths per minute until spontaneous circulation returns.
Tepid Sponge Bath lecture and procedure for First Year Level Nursing students during their Return Demonstration. This is taken from a procedure manual good for both students and instructor.
First aid and basic life support involves treating injuries or sudden illnesses before emergency medical help arrives. It aims to preserve life, prevent conditions from worsening, and promote recovery. Key areas covered include first aid, CPR, AED use, bleeding control, shock treatment, burns care, fracture/dislocation treatment, and safe patient lifting techniques. First responders must ensure scene safety, activate emergency services as needed, provide appropriate care within their training, and seek professional help for situations beyond their scope.
First aid is emergency care provided until full medical treatment is available. It aims to preserve life, prevent further injury, and promote recovery through steps like opening airways, stopping bleeding, and treating for shock. Key skills include CPR, splinting, and wound treatment. A first aid kit should contain dressings, bandages, gloves, and other supplies. The principles of first aid are to preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery, take immediate action, and call for help.
This document provides information on basic first aid for bleeding. It discusses the different types of bleeding (capillary, venous, arterial), common causes of bleeding (trauma, medical conditions, medicines), and treatment for severe bleeding. The treatment section outlines steps to address severe bleeding such as applying direct pressure to stop the bleeding, elevating the injured body part, and seeking emergency medical help when bleeding is under control or continuing to wait for assistance. Military and civilian first aid approaches are also briefly mentioned.
This document discusses dressings and bandages for wounds. It describes the purposes of dressings as protecting wounds, controlling bleeding, applying medication, absorbing moisture, and promoting healing. It then explains different types of dressings, including adhesive and non-adhesive, and how to apply them. The document also covers guidelines for using dressings and bandages, as well as how to apply several types of bandages using a triangular bandage for locations like the head, chest, hand, arm, and knee.
1. Personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection form barriers to protect healthcare workers from exposure to blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions.
2. Gloves should be worn for any contact with blood/body fluids and when touching mucous membranes or non-intact skin. Gowns protect clothing and exposed skin during procedures when contact with fluids is anticipated.
3. Masks, goggles, and face shields protect the eyes, nose, and mouth from splashes and sprays during patient care activities.
Traansmed International provides medical transport services via air, train, and road ambulance worldwide. They transfer critical patients using doctors and nurses. They have expensive life-saving equipment in their ambulances like ventilators and need safe parking. They are seeking cooperation from others to help serve more people in need of medical transport.
This document provides information on the eye care procedure. It defines eye care as cleaning the eyes with saline to remove secretions and prevent infections. The purposes are to prevent further eye injury, prevent infections, relieve pain and discomfort, and allow instillation of eye drops. Key steps include cleaning the uninfected eye first, using one swab per eye in a single stroke, and repeating until any crusts are removed. The document also lists the necessary articles and pre, intra, and post procedure steps for safely performing the eye care.
What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate care you give someone with an illness or injury before such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrives. Giving First Aid may help someone recover more completely and quickly and it may mean the difference between life and death.
You’ll learn:
How to provide CPR.
How to provide first aid for burn (Elect. & Chemical).
How to provide first aid for broken bones.
How to treat for cut and scrapes.
How to provide first aid for severe bleeding injury.
The document discusses hemorrhage control for wounds, describing the types of wounds including open wounds like lacerations and closed wounds like contusions. It then covers the management of bleeding, emphasizing the importance of stopping bleeding through direct pressure, elevation, splinting, and use of a tourniquet as a last resort for profuse arterial bleeding. Internal bleeding is also discussed along with its signs, diagnosis, and management focusing on positioning the patient and transporting them promptly to the hospital.
The document provides information on first aid techniques and procedures. It discusses the aims of first aid, which include saving lives, preventing conditions from worsening, and promoting recovery. It also outlines the steps of first aid, which are diagnosis, treatment, and disposal. A variety of first aid treatments are described for issues like eye injuries, burns, wounds, bleeding, fractures, and more. The guidelines emphasize the importance of promptly getting medical help for serious injuries or illnesses.
Basic information about the healthcare porter service, duties and responsibilities of hospital porter and the mobile ward equipments cleaning procedures. Can understand the type of waste in the hospital
The document provides instructions for blood collection through phlebotomy and summarizes the key steps. It describes the types of blood samples needed for different tests, best practices for blood collection, and the 5 steps for safe blood sampling. These include preparing the area, selecting equipment, preparing and collecting from the patient, transferring the sample, and managing waste. Methods of collection like capillary, venous, and arterial are also outlined, with details on selecting veins, supplies needed, and procedures for each type. Potential issues are addressed, such as troubleshooting difficulties during collection.
IV cannulation is a technique used to access veins to administer fluids or medications. It involves inserting a cannula into a vein. The document discusses various tips for successful IV cannulation including vein selection, making veins more visible, catheter insertion technique, securing IV lines, and special considerations for different patient populations. Potential complications of IV cannulation are also mentioned such as damage to surrounding tissues if "fishing" for veins. New technologies to help with cannulation like ultrasound guidance, vein finders, local anesthetics, and robotic systems are also reviewed.
The document describes the Maryland Triage System for sorting and prioritizing patients during mass casualty incidents. It defines triage and explains the START and JumpSTART triage methods. Patients are categorized into Immediate, Delayed, Minor, or Expectant/Deceased groups based on their respiration, pulse, and mental status. Paper triage tags are used to identify and track patients, with sections for patient information, triage category, vital signs, treatment, and transport details. The system aims to provide the most effective treatment and transport for those in need of urgent care while efficiently utilizing emergency response resources.
meaning of disaster and disaster nursing.....disaster is very important in nursing and triage... this presentation is helpful to u all about disaster and disaster nursing..
First aid is immediate care for injuries or illness before full medical treatment is available. It helps bridge the gap to a physician. The objectives are to alleviate suffering, prevent further injury, and prolong life. Good first aiders are respectful, observant, gentle, tactful, empathetic and resourceful. Providing first aid can be challenging in unfavorable conditions like crowds, weather, or pressure from victims or relatives. Proper equipment includes dressings, bandages, antiseptics, and a first aid kit. The principles of first aid involve assessing safety, the ABCs of vital functions, activating emergency help, and fully examining the victim.
Intramuscular, intravenous, and intra-arterial cannulation techniques are described. Intramuscular injections deliver medication into large muscles and became popular after World War II. Intravenous cannulation involves inserting a cannula into a vein to deliver fluids or medications and potential complications include extravasation, hematoma, and infection. Intra-arterial cannulation is used for invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring and involves inserting a catheter into an artery like the radial artery. Potential complications of intra-arterial cannulation include thrombosis and pseudoaneurysm.
1. The document discusses proper specimen collection techniques and safety precautions. It covers specimen types including blood, urine, stool, and others.
2. Blood is the most common specimen collected, and can be obtained through venipuncture, arterial puncture, or skin puncture. Proper patient identification, site selection and preparation, and universal precautions are emphasized.
3. The document details the procedures for venipuncture and arterial puncture, including using evacuated tubes or syringes, order of draw, complications to watch for, and applying pressure after collection. Skin puncture for small volumes is also outlined. Proper handling and transport of all specimens to the lab is important for obtaining valid results.
Presentation OSHA ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration )/ Keselama...Caroline Ugan
The document discusses first aid, including defining it as initial care provided until medical treatment is accessed, outlining common first aid kit contents like bandages and antiseptic, and describing procedures for treating common injuries and emergencies like bleeding, burns, shock, and poisoning. Guidelines are provided for performing CPR, with emphasis on giving chest compressions and rescue breathing in repeated cycles until emergency responders arrive.
The digestive system begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. It consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. It absorbs water and minerals and is home to beneficial bacteria. Waste products that cannot be absorbed, known as feces, are eliminated from the body through defecation.
1) The document provides instructions for administering injections including maintaining aseptic technique, preparing medications, selecting injection sites, and using proper injection administration procedures.
2) Key steps include obtaining a physician's order, sterilizing equipment, checking medication details, selecting appropriate injection sites based on factors like drug type and patient condition, and observing standard safety measures.
3) Proper injection techniques involve expelling air from the syringe, inserting and withdrawing the needle quickly and gently, and massaging the injection site as needed.
This document discusses primary health care in India and its health administration system. It covers three levels of health care - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary health care is the first level and aims to deal with most health problems through primary health centers, sub-centers, and community health workers. Secondary care in district hospitals provides more complex care. Tertiary care in medical colleges and specialized hospitals offers super specialty treatment. The document traces the evolution of primary health care approaches in India from comprehensive care to basic services to the current community-based primary health care model outlined at Alma-Ata.
1) The document discusses various types of bandages such as triangular bandage, crepe bandage, adhesive bandage, and methods of bandaging including spiral, reverse spiral, and figure-of-eight bandages.
2) It also discusses transportation of injured people, splinting, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) including breathing checks, circulation checks, chest compressions, and defibrillation.
3) The document provides guidance on performing CPR on adults, newborns, and infants including the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).
This document provides information on first aid for emergencies and injuries. It discusses complications that can arise from head injuries like coma and brain death. It also covers first aid for different types of fractures like hairline fractures, impacted fractures, and fracture dislocations. Additionally, it addresses first aid for bites and stings. The document is authored by Markad Ravindra A., a brother tutor at the School of Nursing at K.E.M. Hospital in Mumbai, India.
This document discusses disaster nursing and the role of nurses in disaster management. It defines a disaster as an event that causes human suffering and needs assistance to alleviate. The goals of disaster nursing are to provide basic survival needs, identify secondary risks, estimate environmental risks and resources, and promote quality of life for survivors. The types of disasters are natural like fires or floods, and man-made like explosions. The nursing management of disasters includes initial crisis response like search and rescue, transportation, and triage of victims. It also discusses intermediate relief efforts like disease control, shelters, and sanitation. Finally, the role of community nurses in disaster management is outlined, such as communicating, coordinating care, providing healthcare, and assisting rehabilitation.
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, which are glands located on either side of the throat. It is commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection. The main types of tonsillitis are acute tonsillitis and chronic tonsillitis. Acute tonsillitis causes symptoms like a sudden onset of throat pain, fever, chills, and swollen tonsils. Chronic tonsillitis can result from repeated attacks of acute tonsillitis and causes long-term issues like poor appetite, bad breath, and difficulty breathing. Complications of tonsillitis include peritonsillar and retrotonsillar abscesses. Treatment involves rest, analgesics, antibiotics, and tonsillectomy in severe or recurrent cases.
The document discusses the concepts and principles of first aid. It defines first aid as the immediate care given to prevent worsening of conditions until medical assistance is obtained. The principles of first aid include acting quickly but with a stable mind, understanding the cause of injury, and preventing worsening of the situation. It also outlines the components of an emergency medical services system and the contents of a basic first aid kit.
This document discusses cultural competence in nursing care. It defines culture and ethnicity, and explains that cultural values and beliefs influence a person's perspectives on health, illness, and treatment. To provide culturally appropriate care, nurses must understand a patient's cultural background and incorporate their values into the plan of care. The document also lists strategies for nurses to develop cultural competence, such as increasing self-awareness, knowledge of different cultures, and respecting cultural practices and family roles. Overall, the document emphasizes that understanding a patient's culture is essential for delivering optimal nursing care.
This document provides information on biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and categorizes it into 8 categories according to the new rules of 2011. It discusses the importance of waste segregation by color coding and describes appropriate treatment methods for different categories of waste like incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. The techniques of waste disposal and the role of nurses in ensuring proper biomedical waste management are also outlined.
Child health nursing involves the care of children from conception through adolescence to promote health and treat illness. It focuses on preventative measures and caring for a vulnerable population that accounts for 35% of populations under age 15. Child health is influenced by maternal health, socioeconomic factors, environment, education, hygiene and more. Pediatric nursing aims to support a child's healthy development, integrate developmental needs, and deliver care to children and their families through a holistic and scientific approach while maintaining professional relationships with other healthcare providers.
The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) aims to achieve at least 85% cure rates for infectious tuberculosis cases through DOTS involving peripheral health workers. It also aims to increase case finding to detect at least 70% of estimated cases. RNTCP was expanded nationwide with support from the World Bank and others. It is implemented through a network of state, district, and local tuberculosis units and centers to diagnose and treat TB using quality assured microscopy, drug supplies, and direct observation of treatment. New initiatives continue to strengthen the program through improved diagnostics, addressing drug-resistant TB, and expanding the use of new technologies.
This document discusses the importance of ethics and ethical codes for nurses in India. It outlines the objectives of reviewing knowledge of ethical codes, the national code of ethics for nurses, and their purposes. The national code of ethics for nurses in India is then presented, which establishes seven principles for nurses including respecting individuals, maintaining competence, and committing to society's trust in the nursing profession. The roles of nurse managers and administrators in addressing ethical issues are also overviewed.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2. INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY:-
• The instances of recorded first aid were provided by religious knights such as
“knight hospitaller” from in the 11th century providing care to pilgrims and
knights.
• A German surgeon who first convenient the idea of “FIRST AID” (1823-1908).
• In 1877 St. john Ambulance Association of England was formed.
• In 1930. Red Cross Society of India was established.
• Today several groups and voluntary agencies are promoted the first aid such as
military
• New technologies, technique, equipment have helped make simple and
effective first aid
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3. CONCEPT OF FIRST AID
• First aid is Immediate. Help to give one victim. Of injury or sudden illness by. Bystander.
Until appropriate medical help arrives. Or victim. Is seen by healthcare provider.
•Definition of first aid:-
• First aid is the immediate care given To those are suffering from effect of accident.
Sudden illness to prevent the life. Assist recovery and prevent worsening of condition.
Until Medical assistant obtain or casualty is taken to his home -by Swapna
Naskar & Mala Goswami.
• First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. It is usually performed By a
lay person to a sick or an injured casualty until definitive medical treatment. Can be
assessed. -from pub med
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6. PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
• Acting. Quickly but stable mind.
• Taking care of patient after knowing the details.
• Winning confidence of affected person.
• Working honestly.
• Telling the truth about the seriousness of the victims condition to his
relatives.
• Try to Understand the cause of Injury or disease. And prevent the situation
from worsening.
• Don’t allow the crown gather around the patient.
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7. Golden Rule’s Of First Aid :
• Golden rules of first aid are described under two heading as below:-
• 1. what to do
Do first thing first quickly, quietly without fuss or panic.
• Tactfully reassure. The casualty as this will lessen anxiety.
• Avoid crowd as fresh air is essential.
• Give artificial respiration. If bleeding has stopped. As every second Count.
Example ABC’s of emergencies.
• Stop any bleeding (pressuring pressure points).
• Ground against Or treat for shock.
• Do not move the casualty Unnecessarily But handle the casualty Gently.
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8. • Do not remove the cloth of the casualty unnecessarily.
• Do not do much do minimum That essential to save life And prevent the
condition from worsen.
• Give comfortable position to casualty.
• Arrange removal of casualty.
• 2)What not to do :-
• Do not let the casualty see his own injury
• Do not leave the casualty alone except to get help.
• Do not assure the casualty obvious injury are the only one.
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9. CONCEPT OF EMERGENCY.
• In 1970.The French began to transport wounded Soldiers So they could be
cared for by position away from the sense of battle. his is the earliest
documented emergency medical service.
• Emergency medical service(EMS) during the 1960 the development of
modern emergency medical service Began. The National Registry of
Emergency medical technicians was Founded to establish professional
standards.
• The concept of Ambulance 🚑 as means merely for transporting the sick
and injured passed into oblivion
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10. COMPONENTS OF THE EMS SYSTEM
• PATIENT
• MEMBER of
PUBLIC
• DISPATCHERS
• 1ST RESPONDERS
• EMERGENCY DEPT
STAFFS
• ALIEND HEARTH
STAFF
EMS
SYSTEM
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12. Action plan
• This action plan is a vital aid to the first aider in assessing whether the victim
has any life threatening condition.
• They are DRABC
D – Check for DANGER
o To you
oTo others
oTo victim
R – Check RESPONSE
oIs victim conscious?
oIs victim Unconscious?
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13. A - Airway
A – Check Airway
• Is airway clear of objects?
• Is airway open?
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15. B - Breathing
B – Check for BREATHING
• Is chest rising and falling?(LOOK)
• Can you hear victim’s
breathing?(LISTEN)
• Can you feel the breath on your
cheek?(FEEL)
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16. C - Circulation
C – Check for circulation
• Can you feel a pulse?
• Can you see any obvious sign of life?
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17. Action plan
1. Call for the patient (Ask if he is ok??)
2. Tap on his shoulder twice to make sure he is
unconscious.
3. Activate emergency call.
4. Ask for patient permission for help.
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18. Principles Of Emergency Care:
• Collect the detailed history of accident either from the
victim or from anyone who has witnessed the accident.
• The victim’s injury should be examined thoroughly, taking
note of every symptom, to now the correct diagnosis.
• By the help of diagnosis, treat the victim to the hospital
and aid the patient during transport.
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19. Principles Of Emergency Care:
• Call the doctors or shift the
victim to the hospital as
soon as possible, so that the
patience can recover soon
from doctor’s treatment
instead of prolonging the
first aid.
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20. First Aid Kit:
Following are the contents of a First Aid Kit:
Cotton wool
Adhesive tape
Crepe bandage
Sterile dressing
Bandage
Thermometer
Scissor
Glove
Soap
Pain reliever
Antacid
ORS packet
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45. Steps of bandaging
•1)SPIRAL bandaging
• this is type bandages is used for the uniform thickness part that that is finger or
wrist this each turn of bandage overlap previous turn. this is preferred over the
limb.
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46. Reverse spirals
•It is also type of spiral bandaging and usually used for parts of
where the thickness varies. for example legs, forearms. Here,
the turn of spiral should be overlap preceding one by about 3/4
of the previous and then reversed by the placing a thumb in
center. it should be smooth in between the gap it should not be
there.
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48. Figure of eight
•this is basically use for the elbow and knee joints this applied
in the manner of figure of eight. this bandage made forming
loops over the joint turn, alternatively ascent and descent to
cover the part.
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50. spica
•This is also type of figure of eight, but there the term is
longer than the other. It is used for join at right angle to
the body.
•example. The shoulder, groin and thumb.
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62. TRANSPORTATION OF THE INJURED
Aim to transport :- to enable the casuality to reach the destination without
deterioration or discomfort.
The method of transport depends on:-
• The nature & severity of injury.
• The number of helpers.
• Facilities available.
• The casualty's build.
• Distance to be covered.
• Route to be travelled.
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89. B - Breathing
B – Check for BREATHING
• Is chest rising and
falling?(LOOK)
• Can you hear victim’s
breathing?(LISTEN)
• Can you feel the breath on
your cheek?(FEEL)
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90. C - Circulation
C – Check for circulation
• Can you feel a pulse?
• Can you see any obvious sign of
life?
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95. Keep heel of hand 2
fingers above Xiphoid
process
(Lowest End of Breast Bone)
Keep other heel of the hand
above the first one and interlock
fingers
Identification of Position and placement of Hands for Chest
Compression
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104. NEW BORN AND INFANT CPR VIDEO
• CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TEXT STYLES
• SECOND LEVEL
• THIRD LEVEL
• FOURTH LEVEL
• FIFTH LEVEL
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120. NEW BORN AND INFANT CPR VIDEO
• CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TEXT STYLES
• SECOND LEVEL
• THIRD LEVEL
• FOURTH LEVEL
• FIFTH LEVEL
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121. • CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TEXT STYLES
• SECOND LEVEL
• THIRD LEVEL
• FOURTH LEVEL
• FIFTH LEVEL
Placement of electrodes
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262. FIRST AID
UNIT -IV.
COMMUNITY EMERGENCIES & COMMUNITY RESOURCES.
MARKAD RAVINDRA A.
BROTHER TUTOR,
SCHOOL OF NURSING,
K.E.M. HOSPITAL PAREL MUMBAI -12
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263. DEFINITION OF DISASTER.
•An occurrence, either the natural or man-
made that causes human suffering and
Creates human needs that victims cannot
alleviate without assistance.
-The American Red Cross.
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264. DISASTER alphabetically means.
•D - Destruction.
•I- Incident.
•S- Suffering.
•A -Administrative.
•S- Sentiments.
•T- Tragedies.
•E – eruption of communicable diseases.
•R – Research program and its implementation.
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265. DISASTER NURSING
•It is a different age, professional nursing skill, knowledge, attitude
in recognizing and meeting the nursing health, emotional needs
of disaster victim.
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266. GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING.
• To provide basic survival needs of affected population.
• To identify the possibility of a secondary disaster.
• Estimate the risk and resource in the environment.
• To create inequality in access to healthcare or appropriate
resource
• Encourages survivors to participate in their own health
plans and well-being.
• To promote the highest. Achievable quality of life for
survivors.
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271. EMERGENCY NURSING MANAGEMENT.
1)Initial crisis management.
• A)Search and Rescue: The top priority in disaster management is to search
for the afflicted people in the affected areas transport them. To save, place
this process known as SAR (Search and Rescue )
• B)Transportation of victims: Immediately after the disaster, every person
rushed to health services.
• C) classification of injured triage:
• Yeah, the principle of first come, first created is not applicable. Due to lack of
resources to meet the needs of injured people the priority of treatment is
decided by the process of instant classification.
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273. TRIAGE TAG.
•Price tag is prefabricated label place on each
patient that helps.
•Identify the patient.
•Content record assessment findings.
•Identify priority of patient needs for medical
treatment and transport from emergencies
scenes.
•Identify additional hazards.
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274. INTERMEDIATE MANAGEMENT OR RELIEF PHASE.
A) epidemiological
surveillance.
B) Control and prevention of
diseases.
C) Residential facilities.
D) Water and electronic
arrangement.
E) food arrangement.
F) communication system.
G) Sanitation.
H) safety and living
Facilities.
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275. •D) identification of death and care of dead bodies:
•Therefore identification and care of dead bodies is an
important part in disaster.
•To remove the dead bodies from disaster site, determine
their identity, keep them in maturity, arrange the
postmortem proper care of dead bodies, ensuring them to
their relative, performing last rites to unclaimed the bodies.
Are the importance aspect of disaster management. It should
kept in mind that dear always lies or risk of epidemics
spreading due to the decades and infected bodies.
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276. POST DISASTER ACTIVITY.
A)Evaluation of harm and damages.
B) Rehabilitation.
After occurrence of disaster, rehabilitation programme can
be classified following heads.
1) Development of infrastructure and housing.
2) Social and psychological rehabilitation.
3) Economical rehabilitation.
4) Environmental rehabilitation.
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277. Community health nurse ROLE in disaster management.
•Communicators.
•Team coordinators.
•Rescuer.
•Healthcare provider.
•Health educator and councillor.
•Damage assessor.
•Rehabilitator
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281. REHABILITATION.
• After disaster Rehabilitation of affected people is an important part of
disaster management. The restoration of normal life is possible through only
the rehabilitation.
• Rehabilitation program classified as follows.
• A) Development of infrastructure and housing.
• B) Social and psychological rehabilitation.
• C) Economical rehabilitation.
• D) Environmental rehabilitation.
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282. A) Development of infrastructure and housing.
• Provide housing facility :- priority should be given construction and allocation
of permanent houses in place of temporary housing.
• To reinstate the road, bridges and railway service and other transport system.
• To restore electricity and water supply Incorporating latest techniques.
• To normalize communication system.
• To reconduct community buildings .
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283. B) Social and psychological rehabilitation.
• Giving psychotherapy and mental support to the injured fractured and
people who suffering from the physical disorder due to the disaster.
• Activating and straightening exhibiting health facility and infrastructure.
• Reestablish the educational activity in affected areas.
• Rehabilitate homeless children, women, affected people.
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284. C)Economical rehabilitation.
• To get start business activity immediately.
• To provide employment to people who become jobless due to the disaster.
• Arrange the for the government jobs for them.
• To restart the agriculture and framing.
• To rehabilitated small businessmen and masons.
• To bring occupational activity in line through financial grants and loans.
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285. D) Environmental rehabilitation.
• Due to disaster, environmental and biological balance, affected areas gets
disturbed. Therefore, with other activities of rehabilitation is necessary to
take ecological balance and development. Main features are environmental
rehabilitation.
• To do dance plantation.
• To develop artificial ponds, Lakes, gardens.
• To prevent bio pollution.
• To do Effective surveillance of these factors which are responsible for the air,
water and land pollution.
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286. Organization providing assistance in disaster management
• International Agency, government and non governmental organization, voluntary
associations. Etc. plays an important. Role in disaster management migration and it’s
management. Somewhere below listed.
• UNDP- United Nation development program.
• FAO – Food and Agriculture organization.
• UNCHS – United Nations Center for Human Settlements.
• RDRU – regional disaster with revolution unit this is reginal development units of united
nation.
• UNEP - United National environmental program.
• UNIE –NET- United nation national Emergency network.
• UNHCR – United Nations high. Commissioners of refugees.
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287. Organization providing assistance in disaster management
• WFO – World food organization.
• WMO – World Meteorological Organization.
• WHO – World Health Organization.
• ADPC – Asian Disaster Preparedness center.
• Red Cross society.
• NDMA – National Disaster Management Authority, India.
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