Short Presentation for first aid and basic life support

1. FIRST AID AND BASIC
LIFE SUPPORT
BY: ROGENE BAJE & RICAARADO

2. AREAS COVERED:
 What is First Aid?
 Aims of First Aid
Chain of Survival
EMS
CPR
AED
Scene safety assessment

3. What is First Aid?
The treatment given for any injury, or sudden illness before
the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or any other qualified person.

4. Aims of First Aid
• To Preserve life
• To Prevent the condition getting worse
• To Promote recovery

5. First Aid Provider
• Recognize, assess, and prioritize the need for first aid
• Provide appropriate first aid care
• Recognize limitations, and seek professional medical assistance when
necessary

7. Securing the scene
• 1. Electrical hazards
• 2. Chemical hazards
• 3. Noxious & Toxic gases
• 4. Ground hazards
• 5. Fire
• 6. Unstable equipment
Before performing any First Aid,
Check for:

8. ACTIVATE EMS FOR:
1. Immediate threats to life.
2. Significant mechanisms of injury.
3. Warning signs of serious illness.
4. Unsure of the severity of a person’s condition.
Note:
EMS means Emergency
Medical Service

9. EMERGENCY SERVICES - 911
1. Name and telephone number
2. Give exact location
3. Type of incident
4. Seriousness of incident
5. Number of casualties
6. Condition of casualties
7. Any hazards
NOTE: DON'T HANG UP THE PHONE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO !

10. USE COMMON SENSE
Activate EMS (Emergency Medical System or emergency action plan
If scene is unsafe, do not enter!
Ask for permission
Never exceed your training
Once started, don’t stop until relieved

11. PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments
or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from
injury or infection.

12. How to remove contaminated gloves?
1. Grasp First Glove - avoid bare skin,
pinch the glove at either palm with the
gloved fingers of the opposite hand .
2. Remove Inside Out - gently pull the
glove away from the palm and towards the
fingers, turning the glove inside out
without snapping. Gather the glove you
just removed with your gloved hand.
3. Slide Finger Under Second Glove -
carefully slide your bare index finger
inside the wrist band of the gloved hand.
4. Remove Inside Out - gently pull
outwards and down, inverting the glove
and trapping the first glove inside.

13. PREPARE:
1. Place arm nearest you up alongside head.
2. Bring far arms across chest and place back of hand against cheek.
3. Grasp far leg just above knee and pull it up so the foot is flat on
the ground.
Roll
• Grasping shoulder and hip, roll person toward you in a single
motion, keeping head, shoulders, and body from twisting.
• Roll far enough for face to be angled toward ground.
Stabilize
• Position elbow and legs to stabilize head and body. Ensure
there us no pressure on chest that restricts breathing.

14. ASSESMENT
• Keep person close to your body
• Avoid twisting
• Consider person’s weight
• Respect your limitations
• Extremity drag
• Clothing drag
• Blanket drag

15. CONTROL OF BLEEDING
• Apply Direct Pressure
Using a clean pad, apply pressure directly on point of bleeding. Use
just gloved hand if pad is not available.
If the bleeding doesn't stop. Apply second pad, leave in place until the
bleeding stops.
• If Bleeding is Controlled
Consider a pressure bandage. Wrap a conforming bandage around
limb and over dressings to provide continuous pressure.
Avoid wrapping so tight that skin beyond bandage become cool to
touch or blue in color.

17. What is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?
(CPR) is a lifesaving technique that's useful in many emergencies, such
as a heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or
heartbeat has stopped.

18. CATEGORY ADULT CHILD INFANT
RATE 100 to 120 beats per minute
DEPTH 2 to 2.4 inch
5 to 6 cm
1.5 inch
4 cm
COMPRESSION
VENTILATION RATIO
1 rescuer:
30:2
5 cycles/2 minutes
2 rescuer:
30:2
5 cycles/2 minutes
2 rescuer:
15:2
10 cycles/2minutes
SCENE SAFETY ASSESSMENT

19. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
1. Push hard at a correct depth
2. Push fast at a rate of100-120
compressions per minute.
3. Allow full chest recoil.
4. Minimize interruptions to less
than10secs.
5. Avoid excessive ventilation.
• Check scene safety “Scene is
safe”
• Check for responsiveness
• “Hey are you okay?”
• “Activate emergency response
protocol and get an AED.”
• Check for breathing for 5 to 10
sec.
• Start High Performance CPR.
Parameters of High Performance CPR BLS ASSESSMENT
Scene Safety & Assessment

20. HOW TO PERFORM CPR

21. HOW TO PERFORM CPR FOR INFANTS
(NEWBORN TO 1 YEAR)

23. What is an Automated External Defibrillator?
(AED)is used to help those experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. It's a
sophisticated, yet easy-to-use, medical device that can analyze the
heart's rhythm and, if necessary, deliver an electrical shock, or
defibrillation, to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm.

24. Usage of AED – Automated External Defibrillator
Turn on the AED
Follow the prompts
Apply the pads to the patient’s bare chest.
Plug in the connector.
Analyzing heart rhythm. “Clear”
Shock is advised. Charging. (Resume HPCPR)
Stay clear of the pt. Deliver shock now.
“ Clear! Shocking on 3.1,2,3.”
Resume HPCPR

25. TAKE NOTES!
Recognizing an Emergency – priority is personal safety
Deciding to Help – if safe, take action
Implied Consent – unresponsivement, need additional help
“When in doubt, don’t drink medication.”

26. HOW TO USE AED

27. SCENE SAFETY ASSESSMENT
1. Scene safety - The scene is safe.
2. Check for Response - Hey, hey are you okay? (tap shoulder)
3. Get Help - Help someone help.
4. Check for Breathing - 1 1000, 2 1000, 3 1000, 4 1000, 5 1000 ….
5. Activation - Activate EMS and get the AED.
6. Start High Quality CPR - Perform CPR. ( 30 Compression, 2 breaths, 5 cycles)

29. SYMPTOMS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

30. CARDIAC ARREST
 No warning
Abnormal gasping
 Heart stops beating
No pulse
Unconscious
 USAGE OF AED
• Early Defibrillator
- electric shock
- It restores blood flow

31. Primary Assessment for Cardiac Arrest
1. Ask – Are you alright?
2. Alert – AED/EMS
3. Assess normal breathing
4. If breathing is not normal, perform CPR
5. Recovery position

32. Choking
Mild blockage - cough
 Can take action on his own
Severe
 Cannot take enough air
 Locate navel until he/she spills out

33. Choking
For infant:
• Baby facing down
• Support head
• Rest in your lap
• 5 back tap
• Turn 5 press (chest)

35. Control bleeding
1. Pressure injured part with clean
absorbent pads and wrap roller gauze
1. First Aid kit
2. Call EMS
Note:
If pressure cannot control use TORNIQUETS
TORNIQUETS – help control bleeding

36. Tourniquet
Absolute last resort in
controlling bleeding.
Remember
Life over limb
Once a tourniquet
is applied, it is not
to be removed ,
only by a doctor

37. HOW TO TREAT SEVERE BLEEDING

38. Shock
• Internal bleeding (sweating)
• Call EMS
• Adequate clear breathing
• Maintain body temperature
• Keep calm

39. Burns
Treatments:
• Halt the burning process
• Relieve the swelling
• Relieve the pain
• Wash with water
• Minimize risk of infection
• Seek medical advice

40. CHEMICAL BURNS
Treatment:
Flood the area with slowly
running water for at least ten
minutes.
Gently remove contaminated
clothing while flooding injured
area, taking care not to
contaminate yourself.
Continue treatment for
SEVERE BURNS
Seek medical advice

42. Fractures & Dislocations
Must treat for bleeding first
Do not push
bones back
into place
Don’t straighten break
Treat the way you found it

43. IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...
1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from moving.
2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow bloodflow to the area
3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone set back into
its socket.
The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow, finger,
or thumb.
DISLOCATIONS
LOOK FOR THESE SIGNS:
1. swelling
2. deformed look
3. pain and tenderness
4. possible discoloration of the affected area

46. Lifting techniques
Two person carry
Lift & roll
4 person straddle

49. REMINDERS!
The goal of your training is to help you gain knowledge necessary to effectively
manage a medical emergency until more advanced help is available.