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First aid
The document provides information on first aid, including roles and responsibilities of first aiders, objectives of first aid, characteristics of good first aiders, basic precautions and practices, emergency action principles, vital signs, common injuries and their treatments. It discusses how to assess patients, treat wounds, bleeding, burns, and transport patients. The goals of first aid are to prevent further injury, prolong life, and alleviate suffering by bridging the gap between injury and medical care.
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First aid
- 1. First Aid Stella MarisSchool Jambi February 13,2015
- 2. First Aid Is animmediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly ill. It include self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.
- 3. Roles and Responsibilities Bridge fills the gap between the patient and the doctor. Ensure safety of himself/herself and that of bystanders. Gain access to the victim. Determine any threats to patient’s life. Summon advance medical care as needed. Provide needed care for the patient. Record all finding and care to the patient.
- 4. Objectives of FirstAid To prevent further injury To prolong life To alleviate suffering
- 5. Characteristics of aGood First Aider Gentle Resourceful Observant Tactful Empathy Respectable
- 6. Basic Precautions andPractices Personal Hygiene Protective Equipment Disinfecting
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- 9. Guidelines in GivingCare Plan of Action Needed Materials Remember Initial Response Instruction to Helpers Ask help Intervene Do no harm
- 10. Emergency Action Principles Survey the Scene Do Primary Survey Activate EMS Do2nd Survey Is the scene safe? What happened? How many are involved? Check responsiveness Protect spine Check: Airway Breathing Circulation Call help Give info: what happened, number of injured civilians Ask the victim’s name Assess the vital signs
- 11. Vital Signs Pulse rate Adult60-90 bpm Child 80-100bpm Infant 100- 120bpm Respiratory Rate Adult 12-20bpm Child 18-25bpm Infant 25-35bpm
- 12. Determine theskin appearance Look at the face and lips Record the appearance, temperature and color Do head-to-toe exam Look for fracture, burn, puncture, deformity, abrasion and contusion. Compare the eyes if dilated or constricted Unequal pupil suggests stroke or head injury
- 13. Heat stroke / drugoverdose Blood loss or shock
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- 15. Methods of Transfer I.One-man carry/ assist Assist to walk – conscious (short distance) Carry in arms –lovers carry (long distance) Piggy back carry (long distance)
- 16. Soft Tissue Injuries WoundIs a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external.
- 17. Closed wound Blunt object resultin contusion or bruises Application of external forces (punctured)
- 18. Signs and Symptoms Pain and tenderness Swelling Discoloration / bruises Uncontrolled restlessness Thirst Shock Vomiting or cough –up blood (internal) Blood in the urine or feces Blood along the mouth, nose or ear canal
- 19. First Aid Management P R I C E S -rotect - est - ce application /warm - ompress - levate - plint
- 20. First Aid withSevere Bleeding C Control bleeding Cover the wound Consult Physician Care for shock
- 21. Wound with bleedingnot severe (Home Care) Clean the wound with soap and water Apply mild antiseptics Cover wound with dressing and bandage
- 22. Burns Is an injuryinvolving the skin, bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels Thermal – contact with fire, hot objects, steams or hot liquids. Chemical – will continue to cause tissue destruction until chemical agent is removed. Electrical – severity from exposure to electrical current.
- 23. Care for Burns: •Remove from the source of burns. • Immerse in cold water. • Cover with non- sticking sterile dressing. For chemical: • Immediately remove the chemical by flushing with water.
- 24. For electrical • Unplugor disconnect the power source. • Check ABC • Seek medical attention.
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