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First aid

The document provides information on first aid, including roles and responsibilities of first aiders, objectives of first aid, characteristics of good first aiders, basic precautions and practices, emergency action principles, vital signs, common injuries and their treatments, and bandaging techniques. A first aider is responsible for ensuring safety, providing immediate care, summoning medical help, and documenting care provided to bridge the gap between injury and medical treatment. The goals of first aid are to prevent further injury, prolong life, and alleviate suffering.

First Aid Stella Maris School Jambi February 13,2015
First Aid Is an immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly ill. It include self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.
Roles and Responsibilities  Bridge fills the gap between the patient and the doctor.  Ensure safety of himself/herself and that of bystanders.  Gain access to the victim.  Determine any threats to patient’s life.  Summon advance medical care as needed.  Provide needed care for the patient.  Record all finding and care to the patient.
Objectives of First Aid To prevent further injury To prolong life To alleviate suffering
Characteristics of a Good First Aider Gentle Resourceful Observant Tactful Empathy Respectable
Basic Precautions and Practices Personal Hygiene Protective Equipment Disinfecting
Medicine Kit
Human Anatomy
Guidelines in Giving Care Plan of Action Needed Materials Remember Initial Response Instruction to Helpers Ask help Intervene Do no harm
Emergency Action Principles Survey the Scene Do Primary Survey Activate EMS Do 2nd Survey Is the scene safe? What happened? How many are involved? Check responsiveness Protect spine Check: Airway Breathing Circulation Call help Give info: what happened, number of injured civilians Ask the victim’s name Assess the vital signs
Vital Signs Pulse rate Adult 60-90 bpm Child 80-100bpm Infant 100- 120bpm Respiratory Rate Adult 12-20bpm Child 18-25bpm Infant 25-35bpm
 Determine the skin appearance  Look at the face and lips  Record the appearance, temperature and color  Do head-to-toe exam  Look for fracture, burn, puncture, deformity, abrasion and contusion.  Compare the eyes if dilated or constricted  Unequal pupil suggests stroke or head injury
Heat stroke / drug overdose Blood loss or shock
Head Injury / stroke
Methods of Transfer I. One-man carry/ assist Assist to walk – conscious (short distance) Carry in arms –lovers carry (long distance) Piggy back carry (long distance)
Soft Tissue Injuries Wound Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external.
Closed wound Blunt object result in contusion or bruises Application of external forces (punctured)
Signs and Symptoms  Pain and tenderness  Swelling  Discoloration / bruises  Uncontrolled restlessness  Thirst  Shock  Vomiting or cough –up blood (internal)  Blood in the urine or feces  Blood along the mouth, nose or ear canal
First Aid Management P R I C E S - rotect - est - ce application /warm - ompress - levate - plint
First Aid with Severe Bleeding C Control bleeding Cover the wound Consult Physician Care for shock
Wound with bleeding not severe (Home Care) Clean the wound with soap and water Apply mild antiseptics Cover wound with dressing and bandage
Burns Is an injury involving the skin, bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels Thermal – contact with fire, hot objects, steams or hot liquids. Chemical – will continue to cause tissue destruction until chemical agent is removed. Electrical – severity from exposure to electrical current.
Care for Burns: • Remove from the source of burns. • Immerse in cold water. • Cover with non- sticking sterile dressing. For chemical: • Immediately remove the chemical by flushing with water.
For electrical • Unplug or disconnect the power source. • Check ABC • Seek medical attention.
Bandaging technique Narro w Cravat Open phase Broad Cravat Apex Side Side tail
Thank You!
Reference: Philippine Red Cross Manual