This document provides information on first aid for burn injuries. It describes the causes and degrees of burns, as well as how to assess the severity. For minor burns, it recommends cooling the affected area with water or other cold liquids for 10 minutes. For more severe burns, it says to protect the burned area and seek immediate medical help. First aid involves removing constricting clothing and jewelry near the burn, cleaning and dressing the wound but not applying any creams or ointments. Special precautions are outlined for burns in the mouth, eyes, and those caused by electricity.

1. FIRST AID
FOR BURN
Presented
by:SabitaPoudel
B.Sc Nursing
2ndyear,2010

2. BURN INJURY IS CAUSED BY
 Dry heat, sun, electric
current, lightening, radiation, chemicals, acid,
alkalis(lime, soda, potash etc)
 A scald is an injury caused by moist heat:
boiling water, steam, hot oil etc.
 The effects of burn and scald are same.

3. TYPES OF BURN ON THE
BASIS OF CAUSE OF
INJURY:
 DRY BURNS: Flames, lighted cigarettes and
electrical equipments such as iron are common
causes of burns
 SCALDS: Steam, hot water produces scalds.
 CHEMICAL BURNS:Acids and alkalis causes it.

4.  : Electric
ELECTRICAL BURNS
currents and lightening
generate heat and burn
skin.
 RADIATION BURNS: Sunrays, light
reflected and
overexposure to X-rays can
cause such type of burn.

5. SCALE FOR DETERMINING % OF BODY
BURNS
Part of body % of burn
FACE 9%
NECK 1%
CHEST 9%
ABDOMEN 9%
BACK 9%
BUTTOCKS 9%
HANDS 18%(BOTH)
THIGHS 18%(BOTH)
LEGS 18%(BOTH)
TOTAL 100%

6. DEGREES OF BURN:
Burns are classified according to
degree, that is the depth to which the body
tissues are injured.
 First degree: Simple erythema or reddening
of the skin is present. Also there is swelling.
The skin remains intact.
 Second degree: There is erythema and
destruction of the epidermis with blister
formation. Deep layer of skin is
destroyed, but

7. regeneration of the epithelium is possible.
• Third degree: It involves destruction of the
full thickness of the skin. Also there is a
deeper destruction of the tissue.

8. Nomenc Layer Appear texture sensati Time to complic
latureial involve ance on healing ation
d
1st Epider- redness dry painful 1st week none
degree mis or less
2nd Extend Red Moist painful 2-3 wks Local
degree(s into with infection
uperficial superfi clear or
partial cial(der blister cellulitis
thicknes mis)
s)

9. Nomen Layer appeara texture sensati Time to complic
clature involve nce on healing ation
d
2nd Extends Red n moist painful Weks Scarring
degree( into white may ,contract
deep deep with progress ures
partial (reticular bloody to 3rd
thicknes )dermis blisters degree
s)
3rd Extend Stiff and Dry painless Require Scarring
degree(f through white ,leathery s ,contract
ull entire brown excision ures,am
thicknes dermis putation
s)

11. SYMPTOMS:
 The skin becomes red, and blisters are
formed, tissues gets damaged, but it depends
upon cause and severity of the burn.
 There is a severe pain.
 Sometimes skin becomes black.
 The victim is restless and thirsty.
 The victim goes into psychogenic shock.

12. FIRST AID FOR BURNS AND
SCARS
A. FOR MINOR CASES:
 Reassure the casualty: Place the injured part
under slowly running water(or) immerse it in
cold water for at least 10 minutes and if no
water is available then use any cold
harmless liquid such as milk or cool drinks.

13.  Gently remove any rings, watches, belts,
shoes or other constricting clothing from the
injured area before it starts to swell.
 Dress the area with clean, preferably sterile
dressings.
 Do not break blisters, remove any loose skin.
 Do not apply lotions, ointments or fat to the
injury.

14. oDo not use adhesive dressings.
o If in about the severity of the
injury-seek medical aid.
B. FOR SEVERE CASES:
 Lay the casualty down. Protect the burnt
area from contact with the ground if
possible. If the burnt area is still
hot, carefully pour jugs of water or suitable
cold liquid over the burnt area

15.  Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or
constricting clothing from the injured area
before it starts to swell.
 Cover the injured area with a sterile dressing
or secure with a bandage.
 For facial burns, cool with water until pain is
relieved.

17.  Do not remove anything sticking to a burn.
 Do not apply lotions, ointments or fats to the
injury.
 Remove rings, bracelets and any other tight
fitting clothes and articles.
 Give small drinks at frequent intervals. It will
prevent the dehydration.

19. BURNS IN THE MOUTH AND THROAT
Burns to the mouth and throat usually result
from drinking very hot liquid , swallowing
corrosive chemicals or inhaling very hot air.
These injuries are very serious because the
tissues in the throat swell quickly and can
close the airway making it difficult.

20. FIRST AID
 Reassure the casualty.
 If she is conscious, give her sips of cold
water at frequent intervals.
 Remove any constricting clothing or jewellery
from her neck and chest.
 If she becomes unconscious:
 Open her airway and check breathing.
 Complete the ABC of resuscitation if
necessary.

21.  Place in the recovery position.
 To minimize shock, treat as for shock.
 Arrange urgent removal to hospital,
maintaining the treatment position.

22. CHEMICAL BURN TO THE EYE
 Any chemical in the eye, including lime,
cement and battery fluid should be washed
out immediately with large quantities of
water.
 Make the patient lie down, then gently
pour cupful of water into the inner corner of
the eye, letting it run to the other side,
continue this process until the chemical is
removed.
 Then put several drops of castor oil into
the eye. Cover with a sterile compress and

23. ELECTRICAL BURN
 Donot go near the victim unless you are sure the
power source has turned off.
 If the victim is unconscious ,check vitals .
 Cover the electrical burn with dressing

24. THANK YOU