This document discusses various techniques for financial forecasting and projections. It provides an overview of preparing pro forma income statements and balance sheets using percentage of sales and budgeted expense methods. An example pro forma income statement and assumptions are presented. Key points covered are sales forecasting techniques, calculating external funding requirements for growth, and preparing other supporting financial projections like cash budgets and operating budgets.
The Financing Decision is yet another crucial decision made by the financial manager relating to the financing-mix of an organization. It is concerned with the borrowing and allocation of funds required for the investment decisions
The Financing Decision is yet another crucial decision made by the financial manager relating to the financing-mix of an organization. It is concerned with the borrowing and allocation of funds required for the investment decisions
Cash flow is the flow of money in and out of the business. Managing your cash flow is vital for business survival and growth, even if you have existing cost savings programs in your organization.
The impact of disasters such as COVID-19 has driven the global economy into a recession and many businesses are only just trying to survive. Before taking drastic actions such as cutting salaries and staff, you might want to review your current cash flow performance to stem unnecessary cash outflow and eliminate waste in your processes.
To run your business effectively, you need to balance the timing and amount of your expenses with those of your income. This training presentation explains the various areas you need to consider when managing and improving cash flow in your business.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain what cash flow means
2. Understand the cash flow cycle and importance of cash flow to a business
3. Identify major causes of cash flow problems
4. Define strategies to improve cash flow
5. Gain knowledge on eliminating waste to improve cash flow
6. Learn how to forecast cash flow
CONTENTS:
1. Introduction to cash flow
2. Causes of cash flow problems
3. Strategies to improve cash flow
4. Improving cash flow through waste elimination
5. Cash flow forecasting
To download this complete presentation, please visit: http://www.oeconsulting.com.sg
What is the 'Time Value of Money - TVM'
The time value of money (TVM) is the idea that money available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. This core principle of finance holds that, provided money can earn interest, any amount of money is worth more the sooner it is received. TVM is also referred to as present discounted value.
BREAKING DOWN 'Time Value of Money - TVM'
Money deposited in a savings account earns a certain interest rate. Rational investors prefer to receive money today rather than the same amount of money in the future because of money's potential to grow in value over a given period of time. Money earning an interest rate is said to be compounding in value.
BREAKING DOWN 'Compound Interest'
Compound Interest Formula
Compound interest is calculated by multiplying the principal amount by one plus the annual interest rate raised to the number of compound periods minus one.The total initial amount of the loan is then subtracted from the resulting value.
capital structure
,
goals and significance of capital structure
,
target capital structure
,
does capital structure matter
,
modigliani and miller theory
Cash flow is the flow of money in and out of the business. Managing your cash flow is vital for business survival and growth, even if you have existing cost savings programs in your organization.
The impact of disasters such as COVID-19 has driven the global economy into a recession and many businesses are only just trying to survive. Before taking drastic actions such as cutting salaries and staff, you might want to review your current cash flow performance to stem unnecessary cash outflow and eliminate waste in your processes.
To run your business effectively, you need to balance the timing and amount of your expenses with those of your income. This training presentation explains the various areas you need to consider when managing and improving cash flow in your business.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Explain what cash flow means
2. Understand the cash flow cycle and importance of cash flow to a business
3. Identify major causes of cash flow problems
4. Define strategies to improve cash flow
5. Gain knowledge on eliminating waste to improve cash flow
6. Learn how to forecast cash flow
CONTENTS:
1. Introduction to cash flow
2. Causes of cash flow problems
3. Strategies to improve cash flow
4. Improving cash flow through waste elimination
5. Cash flow forecasting
To download this complete presentation, please visit: http://www.oeconsulting.com.sg
What is the 'Time Value of Money - TVM'
The time value of money (TVM) is the idea that money available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity. This core principle of finance holds that, provided money can earn interest, any amount of money is worth more the sooner it is received. TVM is also referred to as present discounted value.
BREAKING DOWN 'Time Value of Money - TVM'
Money deposited in a savings account earns a certain interest rate. Rational investors prefer to receive money today rather than the same amount of money in the future because of money's potential to grow in value over a given period of time. Money earning an interest rate is said to be compounding in value.
BREAKING DOWN 'Compound Interest'
Compound Interest Formula
Compound interest is calculated by multiplying the principal amount by one plus the annual interest rate raised to the number of compound periods minus one.The total initial amount of the loan is then subtracted from the resulting value.
capital structure
,
goals and significance of capital structure
,
target capital structure
,
does capital structure matter
,
modigliani and miller theory
Forecasting is the estimation of relevant future events based on the past events and happenings. It involves a detailed analysis of the past and present events to get a clear cut idea of the probable events in the future.
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Interventions required to meet business objectives from Forecasting Methods,
Quantitative & Qualitative Methods,
Forecast Accuracy , Error Reduction to
CPFR
Forecasting is the process of making predictions of the future based on past and present data and most commonly by analysis of trends. A commonplace example might be estimation of some variable of interest at some specified future date.
A comprehensive evaluation of an investor's current and future financial state by using currently known variables to predict future cash flows, asset values and withdrawal plans.
Most individuals work in conjunction with an investment or tax professional and use current net worth, tax liabilities, asset allocation, and future retirement and estate plans in developing the plan. These will be used along with estimates of asset growth to determine if a person's financial goals can be met in the future, or what steps need to be taken to ensure that they are.
Professor’s Critique of DENNISWRIGHT’s submissionExcel worksh.docxbriancrawford30935
Professor’s Critique of DENNISWRIGHT’s submission:
Excel worksheet:
The column headers do not make sense. You should be comparing quarter, to quarter, to quarter. There are no formulas. The total is just a hard coded number. The point of an Excel file is to provide appropriate formulas. The Balance Sheet is not in the correct order. Current Assets come before Long Term Assets. The next section should be current liabilities and then long term liabilities. The equity section of the balance sheet should be last. Your text has many examples. The numbers in each cell are strange. For example "40 752". There should not be a space in between 40 and 752. There should either be a comma or the numbers should be close together. This is a formatting issue.
Word Document:
The first issue is that your paper has a 60% match to other material. That means you used someone else's words. The process used to appraise if segments need to be reported separately are the revenue test, the profit test, and the asset test. Your text explains this criteria. The "Condensed Balance Sheet" chart in your paper is not necessary and is not needed. It does not apply to any of the critical elements. You provide some calculations that describe translation but the requirement was to provide and Excel file that actually translates financial statements. There are examples in your text.
APA Format - your paper is not in APA format. It must be double spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font. The paper should not be in an outline or bullet point form. This is an academic paper. You must provide 3 references and cite those references in the body of your paper indicating where you retrieved the information. There are thousands of examples of APA papers on the internet.
Sheet1EARTHWAY ADInterim Financial Statements30 June 2016Interim Balance SheetNotes to the Interim Financial StatementsNotes30 June31 December30 June201620152015$’000$’000$’000AssetsNon-current assetsProperty, plant and equipment 28 96421 83819 101Investment property 1 1301 1701 214Investments in subsidiaries 388 693340 387185 909Investments in associates 45 67018 76718 052Intangible assets123247371Long-term financial assets 1 24519 51017 699Long-term receivables due from related parties 81 05272 465-Long-term receivables 13 49523 16812 674 560 372497 552255 020Current assetsInventories143155296Short-term receivables due from related parties 34 47622 74163 472Short-term financial assets 5 39411 7422 517Advance payments for purchase of financial instruments - 61 289-Loans granted 113 06276 1915 107Trade receivables 3 4604 1792 824Other receivables 24 02811 28316 104Cash and cash equivalents 85 65392 84530 455 266 216280 425120 775Total assets 826 588777 977375 795EquityShare capital150 000150 000130 000Share premium232 343232 34332 925Other reser.
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
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9. Proforma Income Statement Actual figures for Quarter 31-3-2006 Assumptions Proforma for the qr ended 30-6-2006 1.No.of units sold 2.Net Sales 3.Cost of Goods sold: 4.Labour 5. Materials 6.Distribution cost 7. Overhead 8. Total 9. Ratio of CGS to Sales. 10. Gross Profit 11. GP Margin 14000 140000 100% 22960 25256 4592 61992 114800 82.0% 25200 18% Sales decline 30% due to low demand. No change in Product mix. 20% of Cost of good 22% of COG 4% of COG 54% of COG Increase by 1.5% 9800 98000 100% 16366 18002.6 3273.2 44188.2 81830 83.5% 16170 16.5%
10. Contd. Actuals Assumption Proforma 12. Expenses: 13. Selling Expenses 14. Admin. Expense 15. Others 16.Total 17. Operating Profit 18. Interest 19. Depreciation 20.PBT 21. Tax @ 30% 22.Net Income 23.Dividends 24.Retained earnings. 25. Cash flow after dividends. 8250 4450 Nil 12700 12500 2500 2000 7000 2100 4900 900 4000 6000 A drop of Rs. 750 . A drop of Rs. 850 Rs.2000 only No dividends Carried to B/s. Retained earning + Depreciation 7500 3600 Nil 11100 5070 2000 2000 1070 321 749 0 749 2749
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19. External funding Requirement (EFR) is calculated as follows : EFR= A/S ( Δ S) –L/S ( Δ S) – m S1(1-d) Where, EFR= external funds requirement A/S = Current Assets and Fixed Assets as proportion of Sales L/S= CL and Provisions (spontaneous liabilities) as a proportion of Sales. Δ S= Expected increase in sales. M = Net profit Margin S1= Projected sales for next year d = dividend payout ratio
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