Observe World Ozone Day
16 September 2009
About World Ozone Day
In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly voted to designate 16 September as
World Ozone Day, to commemorate the establishment of the Montreal Protocol
on this date in 1987. The theme for 2009 is “Universal participation: Ozone
protection unifies the world”.
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting life from UV radiation, and threats to its integrity. It notes that the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and filters out much of the sun's harmful UV rays. It then explains how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances released chemicals that break down the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. The largest ozone hole is observed annually over Antarctica in spring due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to phase out ozone depleting substances and has led to signs of recovery in the ozone layer.
International Ozone Day is presented to discuss the ozone layer and the threats to it. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer. This led to the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985. In response, the Montreal Protocol was established in 1987 to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances and allow the ozone layer to recover by 2050 to 2075.
The document discusses the history and formation of the ozone layer, as well as causes and effects of ozone depletion. It notes that ozone plays a key role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. However, activities releasing chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals into the atmosphere have depleted the ozone layer, especially over Antarctica and the Arctic. This ozone depletion allows more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, threatening human health, agriculture and ecosystems. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have aimed to phase out ozone depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover.
The Antarctic ozone hole refers to the seasonal depletion of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. It was determined that CFCs from refrigerants and aerosols were the main cause by depleting ozone. Less ozone allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, affecting human health and marine ecosystems. The ozone hole forms due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release reactive radicals to catalytically destroy ozone in the Antarctic vortex. Increased UV radiation threatens phytoplankton and marine food webs in Antarctica, with potential global impacts.
World Ozone Day is celebrated annually on September 16th to raise awareness of ozone layer depletion. The 1995 theme was "Caring for all life under the sun". Frank Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research showing that CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation exposure which harms human health, crops, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing ozone layer recovery.
The ozone layer sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles above Earth and shields it from harmful UV radiation. It is formed from ozone, a molecule containing three oxygen atoms that absorbs most UV rays. The ozone layer has been depleted since the 1960s due to gases like CFCs released from aerosols and refrigerants, leading to holes forming. This depletion allows more UV radiation to reach Earth and increases health risks like skin cancer for humans, infections for animals, and decreased crop yields. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances by 2010.
The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes, effects, and solutions. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere destroy stratospheric ozone, leading to formation of the ozone hole. This increased UV exposure can cause skin cancer, eye disease, and harm ecosystems by reducing plankton populations. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs and countries are working to restore the ozone layer.
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting life from UV radiation, and threats to its integrity. It notes that the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and filters out much of the sun's harmful UV rays. It then explains how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances released chemicals that break down the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. The largest ozone hole is observed annually over Antarctica in spring due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to phase out ozone depleting substances and has led to signs of recovery in the ozone layer.
International Ozone Day is presented to discuss the ozone layer and the threats to it. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer. This led to the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985. In response, the Montreal Protocol was established in 1987 to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances and allow the ozone layer to recover by 2050 to 2075.
The document discusses the history and formation of the ozone layer, as well as causes and effects of ozone depletion. It notes that ozone plays a key role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. However, activities releasing chlorofluorocarbons and other chemicals into the atmosphere have depleted the ozone layer, especially over Antarctica and the Arctic. This ozone depletion allows more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, threatening human health, agriculture and ecosystems. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have aimed to phase out ozone depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover.
The Antarctic ozone hole refers to the seasonal depletion of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. It was determined that CFCs from refrigerants and aerosols were the main cause by depleting ozone. Less ozone allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, affecting human health and marine ecosystems. The ozone hole forms due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release reactive radicals to catalytically destroy ozone in the Antarctic vortex. Increased UV radiation threatens phytoplankton and marine food webs in Antarctica, with potential global impacts.
World Ozone Day is celebrated annually on September 16th to raise awareness of ozone layer depletion. The 1995 theme was "Caring for all life under the sun". Frank Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research showing that CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation exposure which harms human health, crops, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing ozone layer recovery.
The ozone layer sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles above Earth and shields it from harmful UV radiation. It is formed from ozone, a molecule containing three oxygen atoms that absorbs most UV rays. The ozone layer has been depleted since the 1960s due to gases like CFCs released from aerosols and refrigerants, leading to holes forming. This depletion allows more UV radiation to reach Earth and increases health risks like skin cancer for humans, infections for animals, and decreased crop yields. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances by 2010.
The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes, effects, and solutions. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere destroy stratospheric ozone, leading to formation of the ozone hole. This increased UV exposure can cause skin cancer, eye disease, and harm ecosystems by reducing plankton populations. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs and countries are working to restore the ozone layer.
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere between 20-30 km above the Earth's surface that contains 90% of the atmosphere's ozone. Ozone is formed through the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV radiation, forming chlorine atoms that can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules each. This causes thinning of the ozone layer, known as the ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth, harming humans, animals, plants and contributing to global warming. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out ozone depleting
The document discusses the composition and layers of the atmosphere, with a focus on the ozone layer. It describes the ozone layer as a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons released from human activities were depleting the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. While regulations have led to a reduction in ozone-depleting substances, full recovery of the ozone layer is not expected until around 2050.
Hello I am presenting before you a presentation on ozone layer depletion which includes the mechanism of it and even the detailed information about how they occur.Hope it will be helpful to the students in understanding the ozone layer depletion.
Thank You,
Tirthankar Majumder
MTech
Dept. of earth and environmental science
NIT- Durgapur
The document discusses ozone depletion and its impacts. It defines the ozone layer and explains its importance in protecting life on Earth from UV radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere break down ozone molecules. This allows more UV radiation to reach the surface, affecting global warming, human health, agriculture, and marine ecosystems. The document traces the history of ozone depletion research and international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to regulate CFC emissions and limit further damage to the ozone layer.
Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerantsharanadhreddy2
The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
The document discusses the effects of ozone depletion. It describes how in 1985, researchers discovered a large hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. The ozone layer protects life from UV radiation. Ozone depletion is caused by both meteorological and chemical mechanisms, like CFCs releasing chlorine that destroys ozone. Increased UV radiation can damage DNA in organisms and increase skin cancer rates in humans. International agreements have sought to phase out ozone depleting chemicals to allow the ozone layer to recover over coming decades.
Rama Khadka's presentation discusses ozone layer depletion and global warming. It defines good and bad ozone, and explains how CFCs released from products deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, increasing UV rays at the surface. Climate change effects include rising seas, extreme weather, species loss. While international agreements aim to reduce emissions, urgent action is still needed given the threats of global warming. The presentation notes Nepal's vulnerability to climate impacts like changing rainfall patterns.
The document discusses the ozone layer in the Earth's stratosphere that protects the planet from harmful UV radiation. It is formed through a reaction involving oxygen and ultraviolet light. While ozone itself is poisonous at ground level, the ozone layer is beneficial as it prevents excessive UV radiation from reaching the surface and causing issues like skin cancer. However, the ozone layer is under threat due to ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere such as CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and methyl chloroform which are used in products like refrigerants and aerosol sprays.
The document discusses the ozone layer and the factors contributing to its depletion. It notes that the ozone layer shields the Earth from UV radiation and was discovered to be depleting in the 1970s due to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) released into the atmosphere. The main ODS that damage the ozone layer are listed. The text then outlines the principal steps in how ODS reach the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion, as well as the human health and environmental effects of increased UV exposure due to ozone layer thinning. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and domestic policies in countries like the Philippines are mentioned as mitigation efforts to prevent further ozone depletion.
The document discusses ozone depletion and the formation of the ozone layer. It provides details on the following:
1) The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere between 10-50km above the ground. It protects the earth from harmful UV radiation.
2) Ozone is formed through a reaction where oxygen molecules are split by UV light into atomic oxygen, which then combines with other oxygen molecules to form ozone.
3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used but are now known to destroy ozone. CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. Depletion is now severe over Antarctica.
4)
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, its formation and function, how it protects the Earth from UV radiation, and issues with its depletion. It discusses that the ozone layer is a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV rays. It forms through interactions between oxygen and radiation, and maintains a balance through continuous breaking down and reforming. However, CFCs released into the atmosphere can destroy ozone molecules and cause depletion. This puts life on Earth at risk by increasing UV exposure.
Ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays but its concentration is being reduced by ozone-depleting pollutants like CFCs and NOx. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until they were banned, but their effects will persist for a long time. When CFCs and NOx reach the stratosphere, their breakdown releases chlorine and nitrogen atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules, reducing the protective ozone layer. Alternatives to CFCs without chlorine, like HFCs and HCFCs, have been developed to prevent further ozone depletion.
The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of ozone. It was discovered in 1913 and protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons that were used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until their ban in the late 1970s. Ozone depletion increases UV radiation at the surface of the Earth and can potentially damage skin, eyes, and suppress immune systems.
This is PPT was presented by Mr. Girishwar of 9th std, JNV Lepakshi, to the INOVIT-2015 organised by Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu on 24-25th Jan 2015.
This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
The Ozone Layer: Formation and DepletionKamran Ansari
This presentation explains the Earth's atmosphere and its composition and variation of temperature and pressure in different layers of the atmosphere. It contains atmospheric circulation in troposphere and stratosphere. It explains the process of ozone formation and how its stability affects by the other chemical components which lead to the ozone depletion and ozone hole. It also contains the cosmic ray theory of ozone hole.
The ozone layer is a gas layer located in the stratosphere that protects life on Earth from UV radiation. CFCs released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer by destroying ozone molecules. This was causing the ozone hole over Antarctica to grow and allowing more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, threatening life. In response, the international community adopted the Montreal Protocol to phase out CFC production, which has successfully led to the recovery of the ozone layer by 2050-2075 while also helping reduce greenhouse gases.
Ozone exists in two layers of the atmosphere - the troposphere and stratosphere. Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances released chemicals that destroyed stratospheric ozone, causing thinning of the ozone layer. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health risks like skin cancer as well as risks to plants, animals, and ecosystems. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone depleting substances and allow recovery of the ozone layer.
Ozone exists naturally in two layers of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a pollutant but the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. The ozone layer was depleted by CFCs but this was addressed by the Montreal Protocol which phased out CFC production, allowing the ozone layer to recover over time. Continued monitoring is needed to understand impacts of ozone depletion and climate change.
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ozone is produced in the stratosphere when oxygen molecules interact with solar radiation. Without the ozone layer, dangerous levels of UV radiation would reach the surface and threaten life. In the 1980s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer by triggering chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules. This caused the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica. The 1987 Montreal Protocol banned CFCs and has led to a slow recovery of the ozone layer over the past 30 years.
The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere between 20-30 km above the Earth's surface that contains 90% of the atmosphere's ozone. Ozone is formed through the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV radiation, forming chlorine atoms that can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules each. This causes thinning of the ozone layer, known as the ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth, harming humans, animals, plants and contributing to global warming. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out ozone depleting
The document discusses the composition and layers of the atmosphere, with a focus on the ozone layer. It describes the ozone layer as a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons released from human activities were depleting the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. While regulations have led to a reduction in ozone-depleting substances, full recovery of the ozone layer is not expected until around 2050.
Hello I am presenting before you a presentation on ozone layer depletion which includes the mechanism of it and even the detailed information about how they occur.Hope it will be helpful to the students in understanding the ozone layer depletion.
Thank You,
Tirthankar Majumder
MTech
Dept. of earth and environmental science
NIT- Durgapur
The document discusses ozone depletion and its impacts. It defines the ozone layer and explains its importance in protecting life on Earth from UV radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere break down ozone molecules. This allows more UV radiation to reach the surface, affecting global warming, human health, agriculture, and marine ecosystems. The document traces the history of ozone depletion research and international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to regulate CFC emissions and limit further damage to the ozone layer.
Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerantsharanadhreddy2
The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
The document discusses the effects of ozone depletion. It describes how in 1985, researchers discovered a large hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. The ozone layer protects life from UV radiation. Ozone depletion is caused by both meteorological and chemical mechanisms, like CFCs releasing chlorine that destroys ozone. Increased UV radiation can damage DNA in organisms and increase skin cancer rates in humans. International agreements have sought to phase out ozone depleting chemicals to allow the ozone layer to recover over coming decades.
Rama Khadka's presentation discusses ozone layer depletion and global warming. It defines good and bad ozone, and explains how CFCs released from products deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, increasing UV rays at the surface. Climate change effects include rising seas, extreme weather, species loss. While international agreements aim to reduce emissions, urgent action is still needed given the threats of global warming. The presentation notes Nepal's vulnerability to climate impacts like changing rainfall patterns.
The document discusses the ozone layer in the Earth's stratosphere that protects the planet from harmful UV radiation. It is formed through a reaction involving oxygen and ultraviolet light. While ozone itself is poisonous at ground level, the ozone layer is beneficial as it prevents excessive UV radiation from reaching the surface and causing issues like skin cancer. However, the ozone layer is under threat due to ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere such as CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and methyl chloroform which are used in products like refrigerants and aerosol sprays.
The document discusses the ozone layer and the factors contributing to its depletion. It notes that the ozone layer shields the Earth from UV radiation and was discovered to be depleting in the 1970s due to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) released into the atmosphere. The main ODS that damage the ozone layer are listed. The text then outlines the principal steps in how ODS reach the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion, as well as the human health and environmental effects of increased UV exposure due to ozone layer thinning. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and domestic policies in countries like the Philippines are mentioned as mitigation efforts to prevent further ozone depletion.
The document discusses ozone depletion and the formation of the ozone layer. It provides details on the following:
1) The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere between 10-50km above the ground. It protects the earth from harmful UV radiation.
2) Ozone is formed through a reaction where oxygen molecules are split by UV light into atomic oxygen, which then combines with other oxygen molecules to form ozone.
3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used but are now known to destroy ozone. CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. Depletion is now severe over Antarctica.
4)
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, its formation and function, how it protects the Earth from UV radiation, and issues with its depletion. It discusses that the ozone layer is a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV rays. It forms through interactions between oxygen and radiation, and maintains a balance through continuous breaking down and reforming. However, CFCs released into the atmosphere can destroy ozone molecules and cause depletion. This puts life on Earth at risk by increasing UV exposure.
Ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays but its concentration is being reduced by ozone-depleting pollutants like CFCs and NOx. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until they were banned, but their effects will persist for a long time. When CFCs and NOx reach the stratosphere, their breakdown releases chlorine and nitrogen atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules, reducing the protective ozone layer. Alternatives to CFCs without chlorine, like HFCs and HCFCs, have been developed to prevent further ozone depletion.
The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of ozone. It was discovered in 1913 and protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons that were used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until their ban in the late 1970s. Ozone depletion increases UV radiation at the surface of the Earth and can potentially damage skin, eyes, and suppress immune systems.
This is PPT was presented by Mr. Girishwar of 9th std, JNV Lepakshi, to the INOVIT-2015 organised by Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu on 24-25th Jan 2015.
This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
The Ozone Layer: Formation and DepletionKamran Ansari
This presentation explains the Earth's atmosphere and its composition and variation of temperature and pressure in different layers of the atmosphere. It contains atmospheric circulation in troposphere and stratosphere. It explains the process of ozone formation and how its stability affects by the other chemical components which lead to the ozone depletion and ozone hole. It also contains the cosmic ray theory of ozone hole.
The ozone layer is a gas layer located in the stratosphere that protects life on Earth from UV radiation. CFCs released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer by destroying ozone molecules. This was causing the ozone hole over Antarctica to grow and allowing more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, threatening life. In response, the international community adopted the Montreal Protocol to phase out CFC production, which has successfully led to the recovery of the ozone layer by 2050-2075 while also helping reduce greenhouse gases.
Ozone exists in two layers of the atmosphere - the troposphere and stratosphere. Stratospheric ozone protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances released chemicals that destroyed stratospheric ozone, causing thinning of the ozone layer. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health risks like skin cancer as well as risks to plants, animals, and ecosystems. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone depleting substances and allow recovery of the ozone layer.
Ozone exists naturally in two layers of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a pollutant but the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. The ozone layer was depleted by CFCs but this was addressed by the Montreal Protocol which phased out CFC production, allowing the ozone layer to recover over time. Continued monitoring is needed to understand impacts of ozone depletion and climate change.
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ozone is produced in the stratosphere when oxygen molecules interact with solar radiation. Without the ozone layer, dangerous levels of UV radiation would reach the surface and threaten life. In the 1980s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer by triggering chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules. This caused the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica. The 1987 Montreal Protocol banned CFCs and has led to a slow recovery of the ozone layer over the past 30 years.
RACE reading material series - Ozone depletionraceforgreen
The 1987 Montreal Protocol has been very effective in resolving the Ozone layer Depletion. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were destroying the ozone layer. This was causing a drastic thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica known as the "ozone hole." In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol established regulations to phase out ozone-depleting substances on a global scale. Since its implementation, research shows the ozone layer is beginning to recover and the effects of depletion have been mitigated by the Montreal Protocol.
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer and its depletion. It discusses how the ozone layer protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It then explains how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer when they were released into the atmosphere. CFCs break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere. The document also outlines observations that show the ozone layer depletion peaked around 2010 and is expected to fully recover by 2065 as CFC use has been restricted by the Montreal Protocol.
The document discusses the ozone layer, its depletion, and its protection. It describes how the ozone layer shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation and how chlorofluorocarbons have depleted the ozone. It also notes that scientists predict the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels by 2065 as controls reduce ozone-depleting substances. The document emphasizes the importance of protecting the ozone layer by avoiding CFCs and using substitutes.
Ozone Day Program at CSMA Hr.Sec.School MM KoviloorSheik Dawood
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ozone is produced in the stratosphere when oxygen molecules are broken apart by sunlight and reform as three-molecule ozone. The ozone layer absorbs UV light and prevents it from reaching the surface of the Earth, where it can damage DNA and cause harm. In the 1980s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer by breaking ozone molecules apart. The 1987 Montreal Protocol banned CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances, and recent data shows the ozone layer is beginning to recover as a result of this global agreement.
This slides includes all the topics about the ozone layer, ozone depletion, causes and effects. the significant of ozone layer.
This slide emphasize the purpose of ozone layer in our daily living.
Ozone layer depletion occurs when chlorine and bromine atoms in the atmosphere destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. The ozone layer normally protects life on Earth by absorbing 97-99% of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Common ozone-depleting substances include chlorofluorocarbons found in refrigerators and air conditioners as well as halons from fire extinguishers. If the ozone layer was destroyed, millions of people could develop skin cancer and other diseases from increased UV exposure. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover.
The Montreal Protocol has successfully protected the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances, allowing the ozone hole to heal. World Ozone Day, celebrated each year on September 16, highlights the continued importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting human health, economies, ecosystems and the climate from ultraviolet radiation. This year's theme emphasizes how the Montreal Protocol has kept vaccines cool and effective during distribution by curbing gases harmful to the ozone layer and climate. The ozone layer is vital as it filters out much of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays, and the Montreal Protocol's phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances has allowed the ozone layer to begin recovering
The document discusses World Ozone Day which is observed annually on September 16th to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. It provides background on the formation of the ozone layer and how it allowed life to evolve on land. It also describes the causes and effects of ozone depletion and the various international agreements to phase out ozone depleting substances like CFCs. Satellite images show the Antarctic ozone hole has reduced in size in recent decades but recovery is still ongoing. Continued enforcement of protocols and further scientific study are needed.
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting Earth from UV radiation, and causes of its depletion. The ozone layer is a layer of gas in the stratosphere that contains ozone, which absorbs 97-99% of harmful UV radiation from the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer began in the 1970s due to man-made chemicals like CFCs released into the atmosphere. CFCs are stable but rise to the stratosphere where they break down ozone molecules. Depletion of the ozone layer increases risks of health issues like skin cancer from higher UV exposure at the surface. Actions to prevent further depletion include limiting CFC and halon emissions and developing alternatives.
The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes. It provides background on the ozone layer and the phenomenon of ozone depletion, noting a 4% decline in total ozone and larger decreases over the polar regions. It identifies CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances as contributors to ozone layer depletion, leading to the Montreal Protocol banning CFCs. The document then lists five ways for individuals to help protect the ozone layer, such as limiting vehicle use, using eco-friendly products, and avoiding pesticides. It concludes by mentioning a model been designed to demonstrate the effects of CFCs on ozone depletion and the environment.
The ozone layer absorbs most UV light from the sun and protects life on Earth. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere rise and break down ozone in the stratosphere. In the 1980s, scientists discovered an ozone hole forming over Antarctica each spring due to CFCs, allowing more UV radiation. The 1987 Montreal Protocol banned CFCs to protect the ozone layer, though recovery will take decades as CFCs linger in the atmosphere.
The document discusses ozone depletion and the formation of the ozone layer. It describes how CFCs released from products like aerosol sprays were transported to the stratosphere and destroyed ozone. This led to a 4% decline in total ozone annually and the development of a seasonal ozone hole over Antarctica. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol were implemented to phase out CFCs and ozone-depleting substances. Adherence to these treaties is expected to allow the ozone layer to recover by 2050.
The document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It explains that the ozone layer absorbs UV radiation and protects life on Earth. The layer was depleted by CFCs and other chemicals but bans have helped it recover. It also discusses ground-level ozone as a pollutant formed from VOCs and NOx reacting with sunlight. Sources of these pollutants include vehicles, industry, solvents and more. Protecting the ozone layer and reducing smog requires proper disposal of refrigerants, reducing driving, using mass transit, and conserving energy.
The document discusses the importance of the ozone layer in protecting life on Earth from harmful UV rays. It explains that while the ozone layer formed naturally, human activities involving chemicals like CFCs are depleting it. The effects of ozone depletion include increased UV radiation at the surface. International agreements have sought to regulate emissions and find alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. The document also discusses the formation of ozone holes over the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
This is my PPT presented during my M.Sc Environmental Science Course at Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Sappi Limited announced the appointment of Alex Thiel as Chief Executive Officer of Sappi Southern Africa effective December 1, 2010. Alex Thiel has been with Sappi for 21 years, most recently as Group Head of Procurement and a member of Sappi Limited's Executive Committee. He has experience in various roles within Sappi including administration, marketing, logistics, and leading the integration of an acquired business into Sappi Fine Paper Europe.
The document summarizes the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup final between Spain and Netherlands, to be held in South Africa. It notes that both European teams have progressed through their rounds to reach the final. It also mentions that Paul the Octopus has correctly predicted 6 matches so far but has yet to predict the final, while a parrot from Singapore believes Netherlands will win. The rest of the document invites readers to share their experiences at the stadiums or watching from home.
Sappi Saiccor Makazela vol 8, Wrold Cup 2010Cheryl King
The document summarizes the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup final between Spain and Netherlands. It notes that both teams have progressed through their rounds to present an exclusively European final on African soil. It also mentions that Paul the octopus has correctly predicted 6 games so far but has yet to predict the final, while a parrot from Singapore predicts Netherlands will win. The document invites readers to share their World Cup stadium experiences.
Saiccor Makazela is publishing an internal World Cup newsletter at his company. The newsletter will provide employees with updates on matches, scores, standings and highlights from the tournament. It aims to boost office morale and bring people together around their shared interest in following the World Cup.
C:\Documents And Settings\C King\Desktop\2010 Soccer World Cup Photo Presenta...Cheryl King
The document discusses Sappi Stanger Mill showing support for the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Key details include a World Cup sculpture made of paper displayed in the reception area, contributions to the sculpture by named employees, and employees showing support for their teams through dress-up/dress-down days and support from top management.
C:\Documents And Settings\C King\My Documents\My Pictures\2010 Soccer World C...Cheryl King
The document discusses Sappi Stanger Mill showing support for the 2010 Soccer World Cup. Key details include a World Cup sculpture made of paper displayed in the reception area, contributions to the sculpture by named employees, and employees showing support for their teams through dress-up/dress-down days and support from top management.
Soccer fever is running very high with the upcoming world cup and from everywhere calls have come to support the local stars. Sappi Fine Paper and Typek has done just that and joined in supporting our local team and icons.
This short document appears to contain the letters of an individual's name arranged in an unconventional format across 3 lines. It does not provide much meaningful information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less.
Sappi Fine Paper and Typek have redesigned the Typek paper packaging to feature the colors of the South African flag in support of the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup being held in South Africa. The new packaging is meant to express national pride and support for the South African team while also promoting the Typek brand. The redesigned reams will be distributed widely to retailers and businesses around South Africa for the duration of the World Cup so that many can enjoy and feel connected to the excitement through Typek paper products.
This newsletter provides an overview and history of South African soccer leading up to the 2010 World Cup to be hosted in South Africa. It discusses the founding of early soccer clubs and organizations in South Africa from the late 1800s that were segregated by race. It outlines South Africa's expulsion from and later readmission to FIFA in the 1960s and 1970s due to apartheid policies. It also introduces a new fan product called the Saiccor, a combination of a vuvuzela and makarapa horn. The newsletter encourages fans to enjoy matches safely and respectfully in the team canteen.
The Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) is pleased to announce the appointment of Berry Wiersum as the next CEPI chairman. Mr Wiersum will start his chairmanship in the beginning of January 2010 and will hold the post until the end of 2012. Mr Magnus Hall, the current CEPI chairman, will take the post of Vice-chairman for the next two years to guarantee a smooth transition.
Our model for emotional intelligence consists of 5 factors and several sub-factors that help people master their emotional reactions so they achieve their life goals. Our model consists of inward and outward components that influence our actions and reactionsOur model for emotional intelligence consists of 5 factors and several sub-factors that help people master their emotional reactions so they achieve their life goals. Our model consists of inward and outward components that influence our actions and reactions
The document provides an issue of a newsletter from Sappi Adamas Mill. It includes sections on a recent injury, marketing visit, new time administration tool, heart health, AIDS awareness, beach cleanup event, OHSAS certification, Arbor Day planting, Coke awards, birthdays and anniversaries, and job vacancies. The overall document gives updates on safety, community, health, environmental and people initiatives at the mill.
How to register your CV on Careers @ SappiCheryl King
To access job opportunities at Sappi, select the Southern Africa region on their website and then click "Careers at Sappi" to view the careers landing page. From there, you can click on images to either view current job vacancies or register your contact details to receive notifications about future openings.
1. S P E R
O I Observe WOrld OzOne day
R
16 september 2009
T
P
Y
•
•
P
T
About ozone
E
E
The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth’s atmosphere which contains
O
N
P relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). This layer absorbs 93-99% of the sun’s
A high frequency ultraviolet (UV) light, which is potentially damaging to life on Earth. The
L L
E • P ozone layer is located mainly in the lower portion of the strato-
sphere from approximately 10 – 50 kms above the Earth, though the thickness varies
seasonally and geographically.
Prosperity People Planet
About World Ozone Day
In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly voted to designate 16 September as
and sustainability World Ozone Day, to commemorate the establishment of the Montreal Protocol
on this date in 1987. The theme for 2009 is “Universal participation: Ozone
protection unifies the world”.
About ozone and the 3Ps
As the ‘Earth’s sunscreen’, ozone is important to
sustainable development:
Prosperity —The potential consequenc-
es for Prosperity are the result of the
impacts to People and Planet and the
financial losses incurred in mitigating
these impacts.
People — Acute exposure to solar UV
radiation causes sunburn and can result
in damage to eyesight and, in the
long term, skin cancer. It has also
been found that UV radiation can nega-
tively affect the immune system.
Planet — Most plants have natural mech-
anisms that provide some form of UV
shielding, but do not always have
sufficient amounts for com-
plete protection and can suf-
fer detrimental effects. In clear
oceans and lake waters, UV radiation
can penetrate and affect shallow-water
fish and plankton.
2. About ozone depletion Ozone-oxygen cycle
in the ozone layer
Ozone is the Earth’s natural sunscreen, absorbing and block-
ing most of the incoming UV radiation from the sun and protecting
life from DNA-damaging radiation. The gas is naturally created and
replenished by a photochemical reaction in the upper atmosphere
where UV rays break oxygen molecules (O2) into in-
dividual atoms that then recombine into three-part
molecules (O3) – that is, ozone. As ozone is moved around the
globe by upper level winds, it is slowly depleted by naturally occur-
ring atmospheric gases. It is a system in natural balance.
But the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerants and the inert
carriers for aerosol sprays, invented in 1928, upset that balance.
Researchers discovered in the 1970s and 1980s that while CFCs
are inert at the Earth’s surface, they are quite re-
active in the stratosphere (10 – 50 kms altitude, or 6 – 31
miles), where roughly 90 percent of the planet’s ozone accumulates. Ozone-oxygen cycle Source; Wikipedia
UV radiation causes CFCs and similar bromine compounds in the stratosphere to break up into elemental chlorine and bromine
that readily destroy ozone molecules. Worst of all, such ozone depleting substances can reside for several decades in the
stratosphere before breaking down.
About the Montreal Protocol
In the 1980s, ozone-depleting substances opened a wintertime “hole” over Ant-
arctica and opened the eyes of the world to the effects of human ac-
tivity on the atmosphere. By 1987, the World Meteorological Organization and Unit-
ed Nations Environment Program had brought together scientists, diplomats, environmental
advocates, governments, industry representatives, and non-governmental organizations to
forge an agreement to phase out the chemicals. In January 1989, the Montreal Protocol (full
name: The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer) was brought
into force, the first-ever international agreement on regulation of chemi-
cal pollutants.
At Montreal, the participants agreed to freeze production of CFCs at 1986 levels and to
reduce production by 50% by 1999. After a series of scientific expeditions to the Antarctic
produced convincing evidence that the ozone hole was indeed caused by chlo-
rine and bromine from manmade organohalogens, the Montreal Protocol
was strengthened at a 1990 meeting in London. The participants agreed to phase out CFCs
and halons entirely (aside from a very small amount marked for certain essential uses, such
as asthma inhalers) by 2000. At a 1992 meeting in Copenhagen, the phase out date was
moved up to 1996.
“ Perhaps the single most successful
international agreement to date has been
the Montreal Protocol.” – Kofi Annan, Former Scientists believe that if the Montreal Proctocol is adhered to, the ozone layer will
Secretary General of the United Nations recover by 2050. Due to its widespread adoption and implementation it has been hailed
as an example of exceptional international co-operation.
About the way forward
Sappi and ozone – at a glance
de-
On 02 August 2003, scientists announced that the
pletion of the ozone layer had slowed down
signficantly over the previous decade due The Montreal Protocol has been ratified by the three
to the international ban on CFCs. Three satellites and major regions in which Sappi operates – Europe, North
three ground stations confirmed this view. Some break- America and South Africa.
down can be expected to continue due to CFCs used by
nations which have not banned them, and due to gases
At Sappi, we do not use ozone-depleting substances at
which are already in the stratosphere.
any of our manufacturing sites.
3. FAQ Q // What are CFCs?
A // Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), invented by Thomas
Midgley in the 1920s, were developed as a safe,
non-toxic, non-flammable alternative to dangerous
substances like ammonia for purposes of refrigeration
and spray-can propellants. Their usage grew
enormously over the years.
However, one of the elements that make up CFCs is
chlorine. Very little chlorine exists naturally in the at-
mosphere. But it turns out that CFCs are harmful
because they introduce chlorine into the
ozone layer. What happens is that the ultraviolet
radiation at this altitude breaks down CFCs, freeing World Production of CFCs
the chlorine. Under the proper conditions, this chlorine
has the potential to destroy large amounts of ozone. This has indeed been observed, especially over Antarctica.
Given the longevity of CFC molecules, recovery times are measured in decades. It is calculated that a CFC
molecule takes an average of 15 years to go from the ground level up to the upper atmosphere, and it can stay
there for about a century, destroying up to one hundred thousand ozone molecules during that time.
Q // What is the “ozone hole”?
A // Each year for the past few decades during the Southern Hemisphere spring, chemical reactions involving chlo-
rine and bromine cause ozone in Antarctica to be destroyed, leading to the “ozone hole” – essentially
a thinning of the ozone layer. It is a hole in the sense of a hole in the ground, that is, a depression; not
in the sense of a hole in a wall.
Q // Why does the ozone hole occur in spring and why is it more pronounced in Antarctica?
A // The ozone hole occurs during the Antarctic spring, from September to early December, as strong westerly
winds start to circulate around the continent and create an atmospheric vortex, or persistent large-scale cy-
clone, at the Earth’s poles. The Antarctic vortex is more pronounced and persistent than the
Arctic one because the distribution of land masses at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere gives rise
to Rossby waves (wave-like patterns in the atmosphere) which contribute to the breakdown of the vortex. In
the southern hemisphere, the topography is different, which means the vortex is less disturbed and explains
why Antarctica is more affected by ozone depletion than the Arctic.
Nasa images showing past and present ozone levels
1974 1994 2009
The Dobson unit is named after Gordon Dobson, a researcher at the University of Oxford. In the 1920s, he built the
first instrument to measure ozone, now called the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer. Currently, global average ozone
is about 300 Dobson units. Before 1980, ozone less than 200 Dobson units was rarely seen.
NASA projections of stratospheric ozone concentrations if chlorofluorocarbons had not been banned
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