Ozone layer and its depletion
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The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, its formation and function, how it protects the Earth from UV radiation, and issues with its depletion. It discusses that the ozone layer is a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV rays. It forms through interactions between oxygen and radiation, and maintains a balance through continuous breaking down and reforming. However, CFCs released into the atmosphere can destroy ozone molecules and cause depletion. This puts life on Earth at risk by increasing UV exposure.
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The Ozone Layer
The document discusses ozone, its importance for protecting life on Earth from UV radiation, and the problem of ozone depletion caused by ozone depleting substances (ODS) like CFCs. It notes that ozone exists in different layers of the atmosphere and that the ozone layer in the stratosphere shields the planet from harmful UV rays. It then explains how certain man-made chemicals released into the air can destroy ozone molecules, leading to ozone depletion. The document outlines international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase out the production of ODS and protect the ozone layer. It concludes by suggesting individual actions people can take to help limit ozone depletion.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
Ozone depletion and prevention (p.a.c 2015)
The document discusses the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman cycle, and how it is depleted. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that contains 90% of atmospheric ozone and protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. It is formed through a process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV light, destroying the ozone molecules. This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica and increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, harming human health, aquatic life, and contributing to global warming.
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of ozone. It was discovered in 1913 and protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons that were used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until their ban in the late 1970s. Ozone depletion increases UV radiation at the surface of the Earth and can potentially damage skin, eyes, and suppress immune systems.
Ozone & Depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion and the formation of the ozone layer. It provides details on the following:
1) The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere between 10-50km above the ground. It protects the earth from harmful UV radiation.
2) Ozone is formed through a reaction where oxygen molecules are split by UV light into atomic oxygen, which then combines with other oxygen molecules to form ozone.
3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used but are now known to destroy ozone. CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. Depletion is now severe over Antarctica.
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Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
Ozone layer depletion
Hello I am presenting before you a presentation on ozone layer depletion which includes the mechanism of it and even the detailed information about how they occur.Hope it will be helpful to the students in understanding the ozone layer depletion.
Thank You,
Tirthankar Majumder
MTech
Dept. of earth and environmental science
NIT- Durgapur
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The document discusses the ozone layer and the factors contributing to its depletion. It notes that the ozone layer shields the Earth from UV radiation and was discovered to be depleting in the 1970s due to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) released into the atmosphere. The main ODS that damage the ozone layer are listed. The text then outlines the principal steps in how ODS reach the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion, as well as the human health and environmental effects of increased UV exposure due to ozone layer thinning. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and domestic policies in countries like the Philippines are mentioned as mitigation efforts to prevent further ozone depletion.
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The document discusses ozone, its importance for protecting life on Earth from UV radiation, and the problem of ozone depletion caused by ozone depleting substances (ODS) like CFCs. It notes that ozone exists in different layers of the atmosphere and that the ozone layer in the stratosphere shields the planet from harmful UV rays. It then explains how certain man-made chemicals released into the air can destroy ozone molecules, leading to ozone depletion. The document outlines international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to phase out the production of ODS and protect the ozone layer. It concludes by suggesting individual actions people can take to help limit ozone depletion.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman cycle, and how it is depleted. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that contains 90% of atmospheric ozone and protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. It is formed through a process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV light, destroying the ozone molecules. This depletion leads to the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica and increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, harming human health, aquatic life, and contributing to global warming.
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The ozone layer is a layer in the Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of ozone. It was discovered in 1913 and protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons that were used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until their ban in the late 1970s. Ozone depletion increases UV radiation at the surface of the Earth and can potentially damage skin, eyes, and suppress immune systems.
Ozone & Depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion and the formation of the ozone layer. It provides details on the following:
1) The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere between 10-50km above the ground. It protects the earth from harmful UV radiation.
2) Ozone is formed through a reaction where oxygen molecules are split by UV light into atomic oxygen, which then combines with other oxygen molecules to form ozone.
3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used but are now known to destroy ozone. CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. Depletion is now severe over Antarctica.
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Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
Ozone layer depletion
Hello I am presenting before you a presentation on ozone layer depletion which includes the mechanism of it and even the detailed information about how they occur.Hope it will be helpful to the students in understanding the ozone layer depletion.
Thank You,
Tirthankar Majumder
MTech
Dept. of earth and environmental science
NIT- Durgapur
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The document discusses the ozone layer and the factors contributing to its depletion. It notes that the ozone layer shields the Earth from UV radiation and was discovered to be depleting in the 1970s due to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) released into the atmosphere. The main ODS that damage the ozone layer are listed. The text then outlines the principal steps in how ODS reach the stratosphere and cause ozone depletion, as well as the human health and environmental effects of increased UV exposure due to ozone layer thinning. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and domestic policies in countries like the Philippines are mentioned as mitigation efforts to prevent further ozone depletion.
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The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
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The document discusses the effects of ozone depletion. It describes how in 1985, researchers discovered a large hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. The ozone layer protects life from UV radiation. Ozone depletion is caused by both meteorological and chemical mechanisms, like CFCs releasing chlorine that destroys ozone. Increased UV radiation can damage DNA in organisms and increase skin cancer rates in humans. International agreements have sought to phase out ozone depleting chemicals to allow the ozone layer to recover over coming decades.
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The document discusses the breakdown of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. It begins by providing background on the stratosphere and ozone layer. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released the chlorine that catalytically destroys ozone once they drift into the stratosphere. The cycle of how a chlorine atom breaks down ozone is depicted. It further notes that polar stratospheric clouds play a role by supporting chemical reactions that produce active chlorine to catalyze ozone destruction.
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This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
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The document discusses the composition and layers of the atmosphere, with a focus on the ozone layer. It describes the ozone layer as a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons released from human activities were depleting the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. While regulations have led to a reduction in ozone-depleting substances, full recovery of the ozone layer is not expected until around 2050.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in blocking harmful UV radiation, and how it has been damaged by CFC emissions. It also describes the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement that regulated CFC production and helped slow ozone depletion. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects life on Earth by absorbing 95% of UVB and all UVC radiation. CFCs released the chlorine radicals that catalyzed ozone destruction in a cyclic reaction. The Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and has slowed but not yet reversed ozone layer depletion.
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Ozone depletion is the gradual destruction of Earth's protective ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere. The ozone layer shields life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer damage as the chlorine they contain destroys ozone molecules. CFCs are found in aerosol sprays, refrigerants, and Styrofoam. Consequences of ozone depletion include damage to plants and animals, increased skin cancer and cataracts in humans. International agreements aim to reduce CFC usage and emissions to help prevent further ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion
The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere between 20-30 km above the Earth's surface that contains 90% of the atmosphere's ozone. Ozone is formed through the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV radiation, forming chlorine atoms that can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules each. This causes thinning of the ozone layer, known as the ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth, harming humans, animals, plants and contributing to global warming. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out ozone depleting
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The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting life from UV radiation, and threats to its integrity. It notes that the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and filters out much of the sun's harmful UV rays. It then explains how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances released chemicals that break down the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. The largest ozone hole is observed annually over Antarctica in spring due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to phase out ozone depleting substances and has led to signs of recovery in the ozone layer.
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The Antarctic ozone hole refers to the seasonal depletion of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. It was determined that CFCs from refrigerants and aerosols were the main cause by depleting ozone. Less ozone allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, affecting human health and marine ecosystems. The ozone hole forms due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release reactive radicals to catalytically destroy ozone in the Antarctic vortex. Increased UV radiation threatens phytoplankton and marine food webs in Antarctica, with potential global impacts.
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1) The document discusses the ozone layer and the effects of ozone depletion on human health and the environment.
2) It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals that destroy the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation levels and potentially causing skin cancer, cataracts, and other negative impacts.
3) International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
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World Ozone Day is celebrated annually on September 16th to raise awareness of ozone layer depletion. The 1995 theme was "Caring for all life under the sun". Frank Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research showing that CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation exposure which harms human health, crops, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing ozone layer recovery.
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The ozone layer sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles above Earth and shields it from harmful UV radiation. It is formed from ozone, a molecule containing three oxygen atoms that absorbs most UV rays. The ozone layer has been depleted since the 1960s due to gases like CFCs released from aerosols and refrigerants, leading to holes forming. This depletion allows more UV radiation to reach Earth and increases health risks like skin cancer for humans, infections for animals, and decreased crop yields. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances by 2010.
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The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes, effects, and solutions. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere destroy stratospheric ozone, leading to formation of the ozone hole. This increased UV exposure can cause skin cancer, eye disease, and harm ecosystems by reducing plankton populations. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs and countries are working to restore the ozone layer.
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The document discusses the ozone layer and the Antarctic ozone hole. It explains that the ozone layer formed over time as oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere from photosynthesis. The ozone layer peaks between 20-30km above Earth's surface and protects life from UV radiation. In the 1980s, scientists discovered an ozone hole forming over Antarctica each spring caused by chlorofluorocarbons reacting with ozone. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to phase out CFC production and allow the ozone layer to recover over the coming decades. However, the ozone hole will persist for some time due to CFCs' long lifetime in the atmosphere.
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The document discusses the effects of ozone depletion. It describes how in 1985, researchers discovered a large hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. The ozone layer protects life from UV radiation. Ozone depletion is caused by both meteorological and chemical mechanisms, like CFCs releasing chlorine that destroys ozone. Increased UV radiation can damage DNA in organisms and increase skin cancer rates in humans. International agreements have sought to phase out ozone depleting chemicals to allow the ozone layer to recover over coming decades.
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The document discusses the breakdown of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. It begins by providing background on the stratosphere and ozone layer. It then explains that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released the chlorine that catalytically destroys ozone once they drift into the stratosphere. The cycle of how a chlorine atom breaks down ozone is depicted. It further notes that polar stratospheric clouds play a role by supporting chemical reactions that produce active chlorine to catalyze ozone destruction.
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This document discusses the ozone layer and ozone depletion. It begins by introducing the student's name and department. It then provides background on the ozone layer, noting that most ozone is found in the stratosphere between 19-30km, forming the ozone layer.
The document discusses the layers of the atmosphere and the roles of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It explains that the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs harmful UV rays from the sun. The document also covers causes of ozone depletion like CFCs, effects of ozone depletion like skin cancer, and international agreements to regulate ozone-depleting chemicals like the Montreal
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The document discusses the history of ozone depletion, including the discovery of the ozone layer's protective function and the role of CFCs in damaging it. It describes how scientists in the 1970s hypothesized that CFCs could deplete stratospheric ozone, leading some countries to ban non-essential CFC uses in the late 1970s. The 1987 Montreal Protocol established an international agreement to phase out CFCs, though challenges remain regarding other ozone-depleting substances like methyl bromide. Coordinated global action and the development of alternatives have slowed ozone depletion, but full recovery is not expected until around 2050.
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Ozone depletion is the gradual destruction of Earth's protective ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere. The ozone layer shields life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer damage as the chlorine they contain destroys ozone molecules. CFCs are found in aerosol sprays, refrigerants, and Styrofoam. Consequences of ozone depletion include damage to plants and animals, increased skin cancer and cataracts in humans. International agreements aim to reduce CFC usage and emissions to help prevent further ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion
The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere between 20-30 km above the Earth's surface that contains 90% of the atmosphere's ozone. Ozone is formed through the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when gases like CFCs and halons react with ozone due to UV radiation, forming chlorine atoms that can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules each. This causes thinning of the ozone layer, known as the ozone hole over Antarctica. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth, harming humans, animals, plants and contributing to global warming. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out ozone depleting
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The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting life from UV radiation, and threats to its integrity. It notes that the ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and filters out much of the sun's harmful UV rays. It then explains how CFCs and other ozone depleting substances released chemicals that break down the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. The largest ozone hole is observed annually over Antarctica in spring due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds. The Montreal Protocol was enacted to phase out ozone depleting substances and has led to signs of recovery in the ozone layer.
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The Antarctic ozone hole refers to the seasonal depletion of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica. It was determined that CFCs from refrigerants and aerosols were the main cause by depleting ozone. Less ozone allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, affecting human health and marine ecosystems. The ozone hole forms due to chemical reactions on polar stratospheric clouds that release reactive radicals to catalytically destroy ozone in the Antarctic vortex. Increased UV radiation threatens phytoplankton and marine food webs in Antarctica, with potential global impacts.
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2) It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals that destroy the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation levels and potentially causing skin cancer, cataracts, and other negative impacts.
3) International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, including what it is, where it is located, and why it is important for life on Earth. It protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The ozone layer is being affected by human emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are destroying the ozone. This is leading to thinning of the ozone layer and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. The consequences of ozone depletion include increased skin cancer risks and other health impacts. Humans can help protect themselves from UV radiation by wearing sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses when outside.
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World Ozone Day is celebrated annually on September 16th to raise awareness of ozone layer depletion. The 1995 theme was "Caring for all life under the sun". Frank Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research showing that CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation exposure which harms human health, crops, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing ozone layer recovery.
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The ozone layer sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles above Earth and shields it from harmful UV radiation. It is formed from ozone, a molecule containing three oxygen atoms that absorbs most UV rays. The ozone layer has been depleted since the 1960s due to gases like CFCs released from aerosols and refrigerants, leading to holes forming. This depletion allows more UV radiation to reach Earth and increases health risks like skin cancer for humans, infections for animals, and decreased crop yields. The 1987 Montreal Protocol aimed to phase out ozone-depleting substances by 2010.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Ozone
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Ozone.pptx psg
Ozone is a naturally occurring gas composed of three oxygen atoms that exists in two forms: good ozone in the stratosphere protects life from UV rays, while bad ground-level ozone is a air pollutant. The ozone layer is being depleted by CFCs from industry which release chlorine that destroys ozone. This increases harmful UV rays and affects ecosystems, climate, and humans through higher skin cancer risk. Large seasonal ozone depletions over the poles are called ozone holes. The only solution is to eliminate CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals by following the Montreal Protocol.
The Ozone Problem
The document discusses the ozone layer, its functions, and depletion. It begins by outlining the objectives and course outline. It then describes the layers of the atmosphere, focusing on the stratosphere where the ozone layer is located. The ozone layer absorbs UV light and protects life. Ozone depletion is caused by CFC emissions and increases chlorine/bromine, leading to skin cancer, eye damage, and other effects. Ways to prevent depletion include limiting driving, using eco-friendly products, and developing regulations.
Atmosphere
The document discusses Earth's atmosphere and its composition compared to Venus and Mars. It then describes the four main layers of Earth's atmosphere - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere - and their varying temperature and chemical properties. Finally, it summarizes key aspects of the atmospheric energy balance, including incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation, and how this maintains Earth's surface temperature.
ozone depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
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4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
• Introduction
Ozone
Ozone layer
• Ozone–oxygen cycle
Chapman cycle
• Ozone Depletion
• Ozone Hole
• Effect Of Ozone Depletion
• Solution
• World Ozone Day
Ozone day 12
The Montreal Protocol has successfully protected the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances, allowing the ozone hole to heal. World Ozone Day, celebrated each year on September 16, highlights the continued importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting human health, economies, ecosystems and the climate from ultraviolet radiation. This year's theme emphasizes how the Montreal Protocol has kept vaccines cool and effective during distribution by curbing gases harmful to the ozone layer and climate. The ozone layer is vital as it filters out much of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays, and the Montreal Protocol's phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances has allowed the ozone layer to begin recovering
power point presentation in atmospheric chemistry
this will provide quick discussion on atmospheric chemistry and some other details on atmosphere including layers of the atmosphere and environmental problems in the atmosphere
AI8003- UNIT I.pptx
Ozone occurs naturally in small amounts in the lower atmosphere and in high concentrations in the stratosphere, where it protects life from UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV to reach the surface, risking damage to humans, animals, and plants. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect and global warming as less heat escapes into space. The hydrological cycle and carbon cycle are impacted by climate change.
Similar to Ozone layer and its depletion (20)
Weather, Layers of the Atmosphere and Energy Transfer
Weather, Layers of the Atmosphere and Energy Transfer
presentation on atmosphere and its composition and Air polution in ppt
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
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In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
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How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
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Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
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Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
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world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
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Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
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Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Ozone layer and its depletion
- 1. Ozone layer and its depletion
- 2. The Ozone Layer • The atmosphere is divided into five layers. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space. 1)The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer. 2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun.
- 4. • 3) Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere . •4)The thermosphere is a layer with auroras. It is also where the space shuttle orbits. • 5) The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere. This is the upper limit of our atmosphere.
- 5. Ozone Layer: • The ozone layer is a deep layer in the stratosphere, encircling the Earth, that has large amounts of ozone in it. The layer shields the entire Earth from much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation that comes from the sun. For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays. . The ozone layer filters out and converts UV light into heat energy- this makes it a higher temperature than other parts of the upper atmosphere.
- 6. Ozone Formation: • O₂ + (radiation < 240nm) 2O • High energy UV radiation breaks the oxygen into two oxygen atoms • O₂ + O O₃ + heat • The oxygen atom reacts with the oxygen to form the ozone • The heat is absorbed by the air molecules and raises the temperature of the stratosphere • The ozone is mainly formed on the upper reaches of the stratosphere
- 7. How the Ozone works: • O₃ + (radiation < 310nm) O₂ + O • Ozone molecules absorb UV radiation (240-310nm) This is, chemically, the reverse of the formation of the ozone layer • O₂ + O O₃ + heat • The cycle continues as the oxygen atom immediately reacts with O₂. • Chemical energy released when oxygen and the oxygen atom combine is converted into kinetic energy of molecular motion (aka heat)
- 8. • Overall, penetrating UV radiation is converted into heat without any net loss of the ozone. • O₂ + O ↔ O₃ • The cycle keeps the ozone in balance • The ozone is broken down and formed at the same steady rate
- 9. THE SUN’S ULTRAVIOLET RAYS • The sun emits energy over a broad spectrum of wavelengths: • Visible light that you see • Infrared radiation that you feel as heat • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation that you can’t see or feel. UV radiation has a shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light.It affects human health both positively and negatively. Short exposure to UVB radiation generates vitamin D, but can also lead to sunburn depending on an individual’s skin type. Fortunately for life on Earth, our atmosphere’s stratospheric ozone layer shields us from most UV radiation
- 10. •Damage to the ozone layer can cause the following: •Skin cancer •Cataracts •Suppression of the immune system •Premature aging of the skin • Since the benefits of sunlight cannot be separated from its damaging effects, it is important to understand the risks of overexposure, and take simple precautions to protect yourself.
- 11. Ozone Depletion: • Chlorine radicals in the stratosphere mainly come from CFCs, which can only be broken down by the extremely energetic UV radiation found above most of the ozone layer • UV radiation strikes a CFC molecule, producing a chlorine radical Cl• E.g. • CFCl3 Cl• + • CFCl2
- 12. • The breakdown of ozone takes place in 2 propagation steps • Step 1: Cl• + O3 ClO• + O2 • Step 2: ClO• + O Cl• + O2 • The propagation steps repeat in a cycle • Overall: O3 + O 2O2 • A single CFC molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules
- 13. • Another radical that destroys ozone is nitrogen oxide (NO) from lightning or aircraft engines • Step 1: • NO + O3 • NO2 + O2 • Step 2: • NO2 + O • NO + O2 • Overall: O3 + O 2O2
- 14. Global Warming • Global warming refers to an unequivocal and continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system. Most of global warming is being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. Future climate change and associated impacts caused by global warming will vary from region to region around the globe. Global warming can be prevented by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
- 15. Causes • Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil) Power plants generate electricity • – Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG ,kerosene, fuel oi) • – Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of Industrial processes of cement , Steel and aluminum • Green house Gases
- 17. • Rapid Industrialization • Population Explosion • Depletion Of Natural Resources • Natural Phenomena • Modification Of Ecosystems
- 20. Effects of Global Warming: • Increase in spread of disease • Warmer waters and more hurricanes • Increase in droughts and heat waves • Melting of polar ice caps. • Floods • Storms and rise in sea level • Death by smog • Desertification and destruction of ecosystem • Increase in volcanic activities • Loss of biodiversity and animal extinction