The PPT Brief About the Ozone Layer?,
Where it is located?,
Why It is Important?
Why it is depleting?,
What are the effects of the Ozone Depletion?,
What to be done to save the ozone layer ?.
Basics about environmental pollution: types of pollutants, causes of pollution, consequences of pollution, human health effects, greenhouse effect, global warming, etc.
The PPT Brief About the Ozone Layer?,
Where it is located?,
Why It is Important?
Why it is depleting?,
What are the effects of the Ozone Depletion?,
What to be done to save the ozone layer ?.
Basics about environmental pollution: types of pollutants, causes of pollution, consequences of pollution, human health effects, greenhouse effect, global warming, etc.
Ozone Layer Depletion, Greenhouse Effect & Global WarmingNeetha Joseph
This is a presentation regarding some of those little threats our Earth is going through....The presentation is made interesting with a wide range of pictures, illustrations and animations...Please download to see the animated slideshow...Hope this comes of help to you!
Started to create milestones, we, Vighneshwar Air Conditioning Pvt. Ltd. marked our presence in the year 2004 and operate in the manufacturing/servicing of Air Washer, Split Air Conditioner since 9 years. Our quality services products have been always appreciated by our clients. Our spontaneous attitude and confident approach in offering an excellent range of Cold Storage System, Commercial Refrgration System, Speciality Cooling Product has deepened our roots in the market. We, Vighneshwar Air Conditioning Pvt. Ltd. breathe with the aim of fully satisfying our clients with our high-quality products services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals, all of them contributing at the best of their potentials to offer the highest degree of efficiency and client satisfaction.
Presentation on Alternative Refrigerants related to mechanical engineering for application in mechanical systems (air conditoning and refrigerators etc) and chemical engineering
This is my PPT presented during my M.Sc Environmental Science Course at Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Ozone layer - Guardian of our planet /importance of it/depletion and recovery...VedantKotadiya
Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons—gases formerly found in aerosol spray cans and refrigerants—are released into the atmosphere (see details below). ... CFCs and halons cause chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules, reducing ozone's ultraviolet radiation-absorbing capacity.
The ozone layer that shields life from cancer-causing solar rays is recovering at a rate of one to three percent per decade, reversing years of dangerous depletion caused by the release of harmful chemicals, a U.N. study said on November 5. “The Antarctic ozone hole is recovering, while continuing to occur every year.
This presentation will be helpful to beginners on chemical aspects of group theory. Also this ppt consists of videos on mirror plane symmetry and rotational axis of symmetry
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Ozone layer depletion
1. OZONE AS A WONDER
UMBRELLA
BY,
ELSA SUSAN KURIAN
M2 Chemistry
2.
3. THE OZONE LAYER
What is it?
Where is it?
Why is it important to life on Earth?
What is ozone layer depletion?
What are the causes of ozone layer
depletion?
How are we as humans affecting it?
4. What is the ozone layer?
∗ The ozone layer is a layer of
gas consisting of O3
molecules, called ozone, that
forms when free Oxygen
molecules bond to O2
molecules.
∗ Ozone layer which is in the
stratosphere protects life on
earth from harmful UV B
radiations from the sun.
5. Where is the ozone layer?
∗ The ozone layer is a protective
layer of gas molecules located
within the stratosphere.
∗ The ozonosphere is found in the
15- 35 km above the earth’s
surface
6. Ozone
∗ Ozone is a molecule
consisting of oxygen
atoms.
∗ Colourless gas
∗ Ozone gas can be
created or destroyed
by the sun’s
Ultraviolet rays as
shown in the picture
to the right.
7. So, why is the ozone layer important
to life on Earth?
∗ The stratospheric ozone
layer completely stops
the penetration of UV-C
rays and eliminates most
of the UV-B rays.
∗ Therefore, the ozone
layer protects life on
Earth from the harmful
effects of solar radiation
on a daily basis.
8. Ozone Layer depletion is
the reduction of the amount
of ozone in the stratosphere ,
caused by substances formed
from break down of ozone
depleting substances
What Is Ozone Layer Depletion?
9. ∗ Since the 1970’s the ozone hole
has been increasing in size over
the Antarctic.
∗ For the first time, in September
2000, the ozone hole became
so large it actually left populated
areas of southern Chile fully exposed
to the effects of the Sun’s UV rays.
The Ozone Hole
Chiles ozone hole
10. In 1987,the thinning of the ozone
layer was observed over
Antarctic's
Ozone depletion in
Antarctica
13. ∗ Due to ozone depletion harmful UV rays such
as UV B radiation reaches to earth which
leads to harmful effects on animals, plants,
aquatic life as well as on humans also
What are the consequences?
16. Buy air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment that do
not use HCFCs as refrigerant.
Buy aerosol products that do not use HCFCs or CFCs as
propellants.
When motor vehicle air conditioners need servicing, make
sure that the refrigerants are properly recovered and
recycled instead of being vented to the atmosphere.
How can we help to protect the
ozone layer??
17. ∗ The montreal protocol on substances that
deplete the ozone layer is a international
agreement signed by various countries in
montreal on sept. 16 1987 , that aimed to
regulate the production and use of chemicals
that contribute to depltetion of earths ozone
layer.
The montreal protocol
