Ozone depletion
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The document discusses ozone depletion and its causes. It provides background on the ozone layer and the phenomenon of ozone depletion, noting a 4% decline in total ozone and larger decreases over the polar regions. It identifies CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances as contributors to ozone layer depletion, leading to the Montreal Protocol banning CFCs. The document then lists five ways for individuals to help protect the ozone layer, such as limiting vehicle use, using eco-friendly products, and avoiding pesticides. It concludes by mentioning a model been designed to demonstrate the effects of CFCs on ozone depletion and the environment.
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![Ozone depletion and its effect science model
Abstract:
Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late
1970s: a steady decline of about four percent in the total amount
of ozone in Earth's stratosphere and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric
ozone around Earth's polar regions.[1] The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone
hole.
The ozone layer is our warrior against the mighty Sun that is bombarding earth with harmful
UV radiation and we are trying our best to protect it. Ozone is basically a gas also referred to
as O3 which is formed and reformed constantly in our Earth’s atmosphere. If it were not for
the ozone layer, our Earth would be barren with slight traces of life. You can find maps of
the ozone layer and compare different regions of the globe for ozone coverage. Where are
the problem areas? Is there a difference in ozone coverage between different hemispheres?
Between populated and un-populated areas? In atmospheric regions over land masses or
over bodies of water? Some scientists think that aerosols in the air are breaking down the
ozone layer. You can do an experiment to find out which products contain these harmful
chemicals by researching the ingredients in different products. There are also potential links
to methane produced by agriculture, burning of coal and wood, auto emissions, etc. (NCAR,
2006; NOAA, 2006; WMO, 2006)
CFCs and other contributory substances are referred to as ozone-depleting
substances (ODS). Since the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths (280–
315 nm) of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere,
observed and projected decreases in ozone generated worldwide concern, leading to
adoption of the Montreal Protocol that bans the production of CFCs,
Here are five ways in which we can contribute to protecting the ozone layer and our
precious Earth:
1. Limit private vehicle driving
vehicular emissions eventually result in smog which is a culprit in the deterioration of the
ozone layer. Car pooling, taking public transport, walking, using a bicycle would limit the
usage of individual transportation. It would be a great option to switch to cars/vehicles that
have a hybrid or electric zero-emission engine.
2. Use eco-friendly household cleaning products
Usage of eco-friendly and natural cleaning products for household chores is a great way to
prevent ozone depletion. cleaning agents contain toxic chemicals that interfere with the
ozone layer.
3. Avoid using pesticides
Pesticides may be an easy solution for getting rid of weed, but are harmful for the ozone
layer. The best solution for this would be to try using natural remedies, rather than heading
out for pesticides. You can perhaps try to weed manually or mow your garden consistently
so as to avoid weed-growth.
4. Developing stringent regulations for rocket launches](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ozonedepletion-170624135655/85/Ozone-depletion-1-320.jpg)
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Ozone is a form of oxygen with 3 atoms that can be found in small amounts in the troposphere where it is considered a pollutant. In the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Ozone depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer caused by human activities like the release of chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol sprays, refrigerants, and industrial chemicals. This weakens the immune system and can lead to eye diseases, skin cancer, and lower crop yields. Reducing ozone depletion involves avoiding harmful gases, maintaining appliances, and planting trees.
ozone depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
• Introduction
Ozone
Ozone layer
• Ozone–oxygen cycle
Chapman cycle
• Ozone Depletion
• Ozone Hole
• Effect Of Ozone Depletion
• Solution
• World Ozone Day
International ozone day
International Ozone Day is presented to discuss the ozone layer and the threats to it. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer. This led to the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985. In response, the Montreal Protocol was established in 1987 to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances and allow the ozone layer to recover by 2050 to 2075.
Ozone depletion
The document summarizes the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman Cycle of chemical reactions involving oxygen and ozone, and maintained by a balance of these reactions. It also discusses how ozone protects life by absorbing harmful UV rays and the health and environmental effects of ozone depletion caused by substances like CFCs. The Montreal Protocol was created to help address ozone depletion by reducing CFC production.
Ozone Depletion & The Ozone Hole
The document discusses ozone depletion and the ozone hole. It explains that ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from UV rays, but chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from products like aerosol cans deplete the ozone layer. CFCs allow more UV rays to reach the Earth's surface. The document also describes the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica, the steps of ozone depletion by CFCs, effects of increased UV exposure on humans and other organisms, and efforts to regulate CFCs to stop ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
world ozone day
World Ozone Day is celebrated annually on September 16th to raise awareness of ozone layer depletion. The 1995 theme was "Caring for all life under the sun". Frank Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research showing that CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation exposure which harms human health, crops, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing ozone layer recovery.
Ozone Layer by Girishwar
This is PPT was presented by Mr. Girishwar of 9th std, JNV Lepakshi, to the INOVIT-2015 organised by Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu on 24-25th Jan 2015.
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Ozone depletion slides
Ozone is a form of oxygen with 3 atoms that can be found in small amounts in the troposphere where it is considered a pollutant. In the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Ozone depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer caused by human activities like the release of chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol sprays, refrigerants, and industrial chemicals. This weakens the immune system and can lead to eye diseases, skin cancer, and lower crop yields. Reducing ozone depletion involves avoiding harmful gases, maintaining appliances, and planting trees.
ozone depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
• Introduction
Ozone
Ozone layer
• Ozone–oxygen cycle
Chapman cycle
• Ozone Depletion
• Ozone Hole
• Effect Of Ozone Depletion
• Solution
• World Ozone Day
International ozone day
International Ozone Day is presented to discuss the ozone layer and the threats to it. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere were depleting the ozone layer. This led to the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in 1985. In response, the Montreal Protocol was established in 1987 to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances and allow the ozone layer to recover by 2050 to 2075.
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The document summarizes the ozone layer, how it is formed through the Chapman Cycle of chemical reactions involving oxygen and ozone, and maintained by a balance of these reactions. It also discusses how ozone protects life by absorbing harmful UV rays and the health and environmental effects of ozone depletion caused by substances like CFCs. The Montreal Protocol was created to help address ozone depletion by reducing CFC production.
Ozone Depletion & The Ozone Hole
The document discusses ozone depletion and the ozone hole. It explains that ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from UV rays, but chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from products like aerosol cans deplete the ozone layer. CFCs allow more UV rays to reach the Earth's surface. The document also describes the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica, the steps of ozone depletion by CFCs, effects of increased UV exposure on humans and other organisms, and efforts to regulate CFCs to stop ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the international response. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise into the stratosphere and destroy ozone molecules, thinning the ozone layer. This allows more harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health and environmental risks. In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and led to the ozone layer's gradual recovery, with full restoration expected by 2060-2075. The Montreal Protocol is considered very successful global environmental cooperation.
world ozone day
World Ozone Day is celebrated annually on September 16th to raise awareness of ozone layer depletion. The 1995 theme was "Caring for all life under the sun". Frank Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen were awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research showing that CFCs deplete stratospheric ozone. Ozone depletion leads to increased UV radiation exposure which harms human health, crops, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing ozone layer recovery.
Ozone Layer by Girishwar
This is PPT was presented by Mr. Girishwar of 9th std, JNV Lepakshi, to the INOVIT-2015 organised by Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu on 24-25th Jan 2015.
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Ozone, a gas found in the stratosphere, protects life on Earth from UV radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when ozone is lessened, reducing its ability to absorb 97-99% of harmful UV rays from the sun. Depletion is caused by chemicals like CFCs and threatens human health, marine life, and animals. Solutions include reducing pesticide and private vehicle use and choosing eco-friendly cleaning products to help repair the ozone layer.
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The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
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The ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation from the sun and is important for life on Earth. CFCs and HCFCs released chemicals like chlorine when they reached the stratosphere, which caused chemical reactions that depleted the ozone layer. One chlorine atom can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth, which could harm humans, animals and plants. Measures to control depletion include limiting private vehicles, using eco-friendly cleaners, avoiding pesticides and banning dangerous gases.
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The document discusses the stratospheric ozone layer, the causes and impacts of its depletion, and efforts to address the problem. It notes that the ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation but has been thinning due to ozone-depleting substances like CFCs. Increased UV exposure can harm humans, agriculture, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol banned production of major ozone-depleting chemicals and governments are regulating their use, but continued actions are needed to prevent further ozone layer depletion.
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two layers of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a pollutant but the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. The ozone layer was depleted by CFCs but this was addressed by the Montreal Protocol which phased out CFC production, allowing the ozone layer to recover over time. Continued monitoring is needed to understand impacts of ozone depletion and climate change.
The ozone hole
The document discusses the ozone layer, including its location in the stratosphere above the Earth's surface, where it protects life from UV radiation. It describes how CFCs were destroying the ozone layer by being carried into the stratosphere where UV radiation breaks them apart and the chlorine atoms then destroy ozone molecules. In response, the international community enacted the Vienna Convention in 1985 and Montreal Protocol in 1987 to ban CFCs and help the ozone layer recover.
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The document discusses ways to protect the ozone layer from depletion. It first provides background on how the ozone layer is being depleted by man-made chemicals like CFCs and halons. It then lists five ways to protect the ozone layer: 1) Limit private vehicle use to reduce emissions; 2) Use eco-friendly cleaning products instead of toxic chemicals; 3) Avoid using pesticides which also contain chemicals; 4) Develop stringent regulations for rocket launches which release ozone-depleting compounds; 5) Ban the dangerous nitrous oxide which was not included in the Montreal Protocol. The document emphasizes individual actions like choosing cleaner transportation but also calls for government bans and regulations of industrial chemicals.
The ozone layer
The document discusses the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from UV radiation. It absorbs 97-99% of harmful UV light from the sun. The largest recorded Antarctic ozone hole was as big as North America. Chlorine gases primarily cause ozone depletion there. Without protection, skin cancer and infectious diseases would increase and plankton may not survive, harming ecosystems. Actions to protect the ozone layer include phasing out ozone-depleting substances and banning their unnecessary release. The ozone layer is expected to return to pre-1980 levels by 2070.
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The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
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The ozone layer, situated 15-30 km above the Earth's surface, protects life by absorbing harmful UV radiation from the sun. CFCs released into the atmosphere are destroying the ozone layer, with depletion rates highest in polar regions. This destruction increases harmful UV rays, risking skin cancer, eye cataracts, and damage to plants and small organisms. CFCs were widely used but are being phased out and banned due to their ozone-destroying effects.
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India has a variety of forest, soil, water, mineral, and energy resources. Forests are classified as tropical, subtropical, or temperate depending on climate and vegetation. Soils include alluvial, black, red, and laterite. Water resources are obtained from the southern oceans and include fish, pearls, and algae. Minerals are located in specific regions and include metals like iron as well as non-metals. Energy comes from non-renewable sources like coal as well as renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
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The document discusses ozone depletion and the ozone layer. It explains that ozone in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by filtering out UV radiation from the sun. In the 1980s, evidence emerged of an ozone hole developing over Antarctica each spring. The cause was determined to be man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are transported into the stratosphere by winds and break down ozone molecules. While CFC production has been restricted, full recovery of the ozone layer may not occur until 2050 due to CFCs' long lifetime in the atmosphere. Ozone depletion can negatively impact human health and ecosystems if it results in increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
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This document discusses ozone and its measurement in the atmosphere. It provides details on:
1) The distribution of ozone in the stratosphere, where about 90% of atmospheric ozone is concentrated between 10-50km above the Earth's surface.
2) Methods used to measure ozone concentration in the atmosphere including ozonesondes, Dobson spectrometers, and LIDAR systems.
3) Threats to the ozone layer from man-made chemicals like CFCs which contain chlorine that can catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. Large amounts of CFCs emitted in recent decades have depleted the ozone layer.
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The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, its formation and function, how it protects the Earth from UV radiation, and issues with its depletion. It discusses that the ozone layer is a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV rays. It forms through interactions between oxygen and radiation, and maintains a balance through continuous breaking down and reforming. However, CFCs released into the atmosphere can destroy ozone molecules and cause depletion. This puts life on Earth at risk by increasing UV exposure.
Ozone Depletion
Ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays but its concentration is being reduced by ozone-depleting pollutants like CFCs and NOx. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until they were banned, but their effects will persist for a long time. When CFCs and NOx reach the stratosphere, their breakdown releases chlorine and nitrogen atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules, reducing the protective ozone layer. Alternatives to CFCs without chlorine, like HFCs and HCFCs, have been developed to prevent further ozone depletion.
02 ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is caused primarily by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons released into the atmosphere. CFCs can take 20-40 years to reach the stratosphere, where ultraviolet radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms that then catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation, and its depletion leads to increased skin cancer and other negative health effects. The Montreal Protocol was implemented to phase out the production of CFCs and halt ozone layer depletion.
RACE reading material series - Ozone depletion
The 1987 Montreal Protocol has been very effective in resolving the Ozone layer Depletion. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were destroying the ozone layer. This was causing a drastic thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica known as the "ozone hole." In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol established regulations to phase out ozone-depleting substances on a global scale. Since its implementation, research shows the ozone layer is beginning to recover and the effects of depletion have been mitigated by the Montreal Protocol.
Ozone layer
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in protecting Earth from UV radiation, and causes of its depletion. The ozone layer is a layer of gas in the stratosphere that contains ozone, which absorbs 97-99% of harmful UV radiation from the sun. Depletion of the ozone layer began in the 1970s due to man-made chemicals like CFCs released into the atmosphere. CFCs are stable but rise to the stratosphere where they break down ozone molecules. Depletion of the ozone layer increases risks of health issues like skin cancer from higher UV exposure at the surface. Actions to prevent further depletion include limiting CFC and halon emissions and developing alternatives.
Ozone layer
This slides includes all the topics about the ozone layer, ozone depletion, causes and effects. the significant of ozone layer.
This slide emphasize the purpose of ozone layer in our daily living.
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Ozone Depletion
Ozone, a gas found in the stratosphere, protects life on Earth from UV radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when ozone is lessened, reducing its ability to absorb 97-99% of harmful UV rays from the sun. Depletion is caused by chemicals like CFCs and threatens human health, marine life, and animals. Solutions include reducing pesticide and private vehicle use and choosing eco-friendly cleaning products to help repair the ozone layer.
Ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants
The document discusses ozone depletion potential of different refrigerants and the mechanisms by which CFCs and HCFCs damage the ozone layer when they reach the stratosphere. It explains that chlorine atoms released from these refrigerants can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules each. It also provides details on common types of refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs and their ozone depletion potentials.
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The ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation from the sun and is important for life on Earth. CFCs and HCFCs released chemicals like chlorine when they reached the stratosphere, which caused chemical reactions that depleted the ozone layer. One chlorine atom can break down over 100,000 ozone molecules. Thinning of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth, which could harm humans, animals and plants. Measures to control depletion include limiting private vehicles, using eco-friendly cleaners, avoiding pesticides and banning dangerous gases.
Ozone depletion....varun
The document discusses ozone, the ozone layer, and ozone depletion. It defines ozone as a triatomic form of oxygen found in the upper and lower atmosphere, and the ozone layer as absorbing 97-99% of the sun's ultraviolet light. The ozone layer is being destroyed by chemicals like CFCs released from industries and vehicles. Low temperatures in the upper atmosphere allow chlorine and bromine to destroy ozone, forming a hole. Overexposure to ultraviolet rays due to ozone depletion increases risks of skin cancer, eye damage, immune system damage, and DNA damage. Actions are needed to limit chemicals that deplete ozone and encourage plant growth to increase oxygen production.
Ozone Layer depletion C.U.EBONG
The document discusses the stratospheric ozone layer, the causes and impacts of its depletion, and efforts to address the problem. It notes that the ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation but has been thinning due to ozone-depleting substances like CFCs. Increased UV exposure can harm humans, agriculture, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol banned production of major ozone-depleting chemicals and governments are regulating their use, but continued actions are needed to prevent further ozone layer depletion.
Ozone depletion
Ozone exists naturally in two layers of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is a pollutant but the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays. The ozone layer was depleted by CFCs but this was addressed by the Montreal Protocol which phased out CFC production, allowing the ozone layer to recover over time. Continued monitoring is needed to understand impacts of ozone depletion and climate change.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, including its location in the stratosphere above the Earth's surface, where it protects life from UV radiation. It describes how CFCs were destroying the ozone layer by being carried into the stratosphere where UV radiation breaks them apart and the chlorine atoms then destroy ozone molecules. In response, the international community enacted the Vienna Convention in 1985 and Montreal Protocol in 1987 to ban CFCs and help the ozone layer recover.
Ozone layer
The document discusses ways to protect the ozone layer from depletion. It first provides background on how the ozone layer is being depleted by man-made chemicals like CFCs and halons. It then lists five ways to protect the ozone layer: 1) Limit private vehicle use to reduce emissions; 2) Use eco-friendly cleaning products instead of toxic chemicals; 3) Avoid using pesticides which also contain chemicals; 4) Develop stringent regulations for rocket launches which release ozone-depleting compounds; 5) Ban the dangerous nitrous oxide which was not included in the Montreal Protocol. The document emphasizes individual actions like choosing cleaner transportation but also calls for government bans and regulations of industrial chemicals.
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The document discusses the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from UV radiation. It absorbs 97-99% of harmful UV light from the sun. The largest recorded Antarctic ozone hole was as big as North America. Chlorine gases primarily cause ozone depletion there. Without protection, skin cancer and infectious diseases would increase and plankton may not survive, harming ecosystems. Actions to protect the ozone layer include phasing out ozone-depleting substances and banning their unnecessary release. The ozone layer is expected to return to pre-1980 levels by 2070.
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The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
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The ozone layer, situated 15-30 km above the Earth's surface, protects life by absorbing harmful UV radiation from the sun. CFCs released into the atmosphere are destroying the ozone layer, with depletion rates highest in polar regions. This destruction increases harmful UV rays, risking skin cancer, eye cataracts, and damage to plants and small organisms. CFCs were widely used but are being phased out and banned due to their ozone-destroying effects.
Ozone layer and depletion
India has a variety of forest, soil, water, mineral, and energy resources. Forests are classified as tropical, subtropical, or temperate depending on climate and vegetation. Soils include alluvial, black, red, and laterite. Water resources are obtained from the southern oceans and include fish, pearls, and algae. Minerals are located in specific regions and include metals like iron as well as non-metals. Energy comes from non-renewable sources like coal as well as renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
Ozone- A wonder umbrella
This slide deals about ozone layer ,it's importance to mother nature, causes of depletion and its consequences.
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The document discusses ozone depletion and the ozone layer. It explains that ozone in the stratosphere protects life on Earth by filtering out UV radiation from the sun. In the 1980s, evidence emerged of an ozone hole developing over Antarctica each spring. The cause was determined to be man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are transported into the stratosphere by winds and break down ozone molecules. While CFC production has been restricted, full recovery of the ozone layer may not occur until 2050 due to CFCs' long lifetime in the atmosphere. Ozone depletion can negatively impact human health and ecosystems if it results in increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface.
Ozone
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Ozone depletion presentation avinash
This document discusses ozone and its measurement in the atmosphere. It provides details on:
1) The distribution of ozone in the stratosphere, where about 90% of atmospheric ozone is concentrated between 10-50km above the Earth's surface.
2) Methods used to measure ozone concentration in the atmosphere including ozonesondes, Dobson spectrometers, and LIDAR systems.
3) Threats to the ozone layer from man-made chemicals like CFCs which contain chlorine that can catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. Large amounts of CFCs emitted in recent decades have depleted the ozone layer.
Ozone layer and its depletion
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, its formation and function, how it protects the Earth from UV radiation, and issues with its depletion. It discusses that the ozone layer is a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV rays. It forms through interactions between oxygen and radiation, and maintains a balance through continuous breaking down and reforming. However, CFCs released into the atmosphere can destroy ozone molecules and cause depletion. This puts life on Earth at risk by increasing UV exposure.
Ozone Depletion
Ozone in the stratosphere protects the Earth from harmful UV rays but its concentration is being reduced by ozone-depleting pollutants like CFCs and NOx. CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and refrigerants until they were banned, but their effects will persist for a long time. When CFCs and NOx reach the stratosphere, their breakdown releases chlorine and nitrogen atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules, reducing the protective ozone layer. Alternatives to CFCs without chlorine, like HFCs and HCFCs, have been developed to prevent further ozone depletion.
02 ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is caused primarily by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons released into the atmosphere. CFCs can take 20-40 years to reach the stratosphere, where ultraviolet radiation breaks them down, releasing chlorine atoms that then catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation, and its depletion leads to increased skin cancer and other negative health effects. The Montreal Protocol was implemented to phase out the production of CFCs and halt ozone layer depletion.
RACE reading material series - Ozone depletion
The 1987 Montreal Protocol has been very effective in resolving the Ozone layer Depletion. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were destroying the ozone layer. This was causing a drastic thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica known as the "ozone hole." In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol established regulations to phase out ozone-depleting substances on a global scale. Since its implementation, research shows the ozone layer is beginning to recover and the effects of depletion have been mitigated by the Montreal Protocol.
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The document discusses ozone depletion and the ozone layer. It defines ozone and how it forms, and describes the ozone layer's location and role in protecting the Earth. It then discusses the discovery of the ozone hole, the causes of ozone depletion including CFCs, and solutions implemented through the Montreal Protocol to phase out ozone-depleting substances and allow the ozone layer to recover by 2050.
Ozone depletion
The document discusses the ozone layer and its depletion. It begins by defining ozone and describing where it is located in the atmosphere, forming an important protective layer. It then explains that ozone depletion is primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances released into the air. This leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and causes problems like skin cancer, as well as broader issues like global warming. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have helped phase out the harmful substances and allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
ozone layer.pdf
The document discusses the ozone layer, what ozone layer depletion is, its causes and effects. The ozone layer is a region in the stratosphere that protects the earth from UV radiation. Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of this layer caused by chemicals like CFCs releasing chlorine and bromine which destroy ozone. This exposes the earth to harmful UV rays and causes health issues in humans and damage to plants, animals and marine life. Solutions proposed are avoiding ozone depleting substances and using alternatives.
Observation of ozone day
The document discusses World Ozone Day which is observed annually on September 16th to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. It provides background on the formation of the ozone layer and how it allowed life to evolve on land. It also describes the causes and effects of ozone depletion and the various international agreements to phase out ozone depleting substances like CFCs. Satellite images show the Antarctic ozone hole has reduced in size in recent decades but recovery is still ongoing. Continued enforcement of protocols and further scientific study are needed.
Presentation (1)-1.pdf
The document discusses a presentation given on World Ozone Day about the ozone layer. It provides background on the ozone layer, noting that it protects life on Earth by absorbing 97-99% of harmful UV radiation from the sun. It then summarizes the five layers of the atmosphere, with an emphasis on the stratosphere where the ozone layer is located. The document outlines some of the main causes of ozone layer depletion including chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting substances, as well as the harmful effects of depletion on human health, animals, plants, and marine life.
Ozone
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ozone is produced in the stratosphere when oxygen molecules interact with solar radiation. Without the ozone layer, dangerous levels of UV radiation would reach the surface and threaten life. In the 1980s, scientists discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were depleting the ozone layer by triggering chemical reactions that break down ozone molecules. This caused the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica. The 1987 Montreal Protocol banned CFCs and has led to a slow recovery of the ozone layer over the past 30 years.
A_seminar_on_the_depletion_of_the_Ozone.pptx
This seminar presentation summarizes Ozone layer depletion. It introduces ozone and the ozone layer, how ozone depleting substances like CFCs react with ozone leading to its destruction. The consequences of ozone layer depletion include increased skin cancer and other health issues. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol were enacted to regulate ozone depleting substances and protect the ozone layer.
ozone layer
The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. It is located 10-30 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Ozone depletion from human-created ozone-depleting substances like CFCs has caused thinning of the layer and formation of ozone holes. The Montreal Protocol agreement phased out production of these substances, allowing the ozone layer to begin recovering. Continued adherence to the protocol is needed to fully repair it.
Ozone layer
The document discusses the ozone layer, its formation and depletion over time. Some key points:
- The ozone layer is found 20-30km above the Earth's surface and absorbs UV radiation.
- Depletion is caused mainly by CFCs and halogen gases, which are broken down by UV rays to release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone.
- Significant ozone depletion up to 50% has been observed over the Antarctic region, known as the ozone hole.
- Effects of depletion include increased UV rays reaching the Earth's surface, which can harm plants, marine life, and increase skin cancer risks in humans.
- International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have led
Ozone Depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Ozone layer, Ozone–oxygen cycle, ozone depletion,Ozone Depleting Substances, Ozone Depletion Process,Ozone Hole, Effect Of Ozone Depletion,solution
how alkanes affect ozone layer
Methane and CFCs both contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is 21 times more harmful than carbon dioxide. It reacts with chlorine in the stratosphere, protecting ozone, but also attacks ozone directly. CFCs destroy ozone by releasing chlorine atoms when exposed to UV radiation, which then break down ozone molecules. While CFCs have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, methane emissions continue from sources such as livestock, landfills, and fossil fuel extraction. Both gases trap heat in the atmosphere and are contributing to rising global temperatures.
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
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The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
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Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Ozone depletion
- 1. Ozone depletion and its effect science model Abstract: Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions.[1] The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. The ozone layer is our warrior against the mighty Sun that is bombarding earth with harmful UV radiation and we are trying our best to protect it. Ozone is basically a gas also referred to as O3 which is formed and reformed constantly in our Earth’s atmosphere. If it were not for the ozone layer, our Earth would be barren with slight traces of life. You can find maps of the ozone layer and compare different regions of the globe for ozone coverage. Where are the problem areas? Is there a difference in ozone coverage between different hemispheres? Between populated and un-populated areas? In atmospheric regions over land masses or over bodies of water? Some scientists think that aerosols in the air are breaking down the ozone layer. You can do an experiment to find out which products contain these harmful chemicals by researching the ingredients in different products. There are also potential links to methane produced by agriculture, burning of coal and wood, auto emissions, etc. (NCAR, 2006; NOAA, 2006; WMO, 2006) CFCs and other contributory substances are referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Since the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths (280– 315 nm) of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere, observed and projected decreases in ozone generated worldwide concern, leading to adoption of the Montreal Protocol that bans the production of CFCs, Here are five ways in which we can contribute to protecting the ozone layer and our precious Earth: 1. Limit private vehicle driving vehicular emissions eventually result in smog which is a culprit in the deterioration of the ozone layer. Car pooling, taking public transport, walking, using a bicycle would limit the usage of individual transportation. It would be a great option to switch to cars/vehicles that have a hybrid or electric zero-emission engine. 2. Use eco-friendly household cleaning products Usage of eco-friendly and natural cleaning products for household chores is a great way to prevent ozone depletion. cleaning agents contain toxic chemicals that interfere with the ozone layer. 3. Avoid using pesticides Pesticides may be an easy solution for getting rid of weed, but are harmful for the ozone layer. The best solution for this would be to try using natural remedies, rather than heading out for pesticides. You can perhaps try to weed manually or mow your garden consistently so as to avoid weed-growth. 4. Developing stringent regulations for rocket launches
- 2. rocket fuel damage the ozone layer if it is not regulated soon. A study shows that the harm caused by rocket launches would outpace the harm caused due to CFCs. All types of rocket engines result in combustion by products that are ozone-destroying compounds that are expelled directly in the middle and upper stratosphere layer – near the ozone layer. 5. Banning the use of dangerous nitrous oxide Nations around the globe got together and formed the Montreal Protocol in the year 1989 with a strong aim to stop the usage of CFCs. However, the protocol did not include nitrous oxide which is the most fatal chemical that can destroy the ozone layer and is still in use. We have designed an environmental model that demonstrates the effect of CFC chemicals on ozone depletion and also demonstrates its effects on earth’s environment through a working model.