This document describes a waste heat recovery unit based on a vapor compression refrigeration system designed by a student project group. The unit uses a heat exchanger to recover the superheated refrigerant gas to heat water while cooling another stream. Materials used include a 1/8 ton compressor, R134a refrigerant, and copper tubing. Fabrication details are provided along with brazing, gas filling, leakage testing, and performance testing procedures. Testing showed heating of 10°C, cooling of 12°C, and an increased COP of 0.781 by recovering waste heat for both heating and cooling loads.
Thermal Power Plant Boiler Efficiency ImprovementAnkur Gaikwad
Boiler is one of the central equipment used in power generation & chemical process industries. Consequently, improving boiler efficiency is instrumental in bringing down costs substantially with a few simple measures. Some of these measures are discussed in this presentation
Thermal Power Plant Boiler Efficiency ImprovementAnkur Gaikwad
Boiler is one of the central equipment used in power generation & chemical process industries. Consequently, improving boiler efficiency is instrumental in bringing down costs substantially with a few simple measures. Some of these measures are discussed in this presentation
ABSTRACT
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Shall we see about the performance and analysis of the steam boiler
And how to working it
And the performance of steam boiler
And efficiency how to find
And application
Specific volume, enthalpty, pressure, temperature_ thermodynamic work
First and second law of thermodynamics
Basic concepts of wet steam. superheated steam, dryness fraction_ degree of superheat.
Babcock and Wilcox boiler, Cochran boiler
Various mountings and accessories (without construction details).
Layout of steam power plant.
Steam nozzles — continuity equation.
types of nozzles, Mach number, applications of nozzles. Impulse and reaction turbines, necessity of compounding.
Control of pollution due to steam boilers
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
ABSTRACT
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Shall we see about the performance and analysis of the steam boiler
And how to working it
And the performance of steam boiler
And efficiency how to find
And application
Specific volume, enthalpty, pressure, temperature_ thermodynamic work
First and second law of thermodynamics
Basic concepts of wet steam. superheated steam, dryness fraction_ degree of superheat.
Babcock and Wilcox boiler, Cochran boiler
Various mountings and accessories (without construction details).
Layout of steam power plant.
Steam nozzles — continuity equation.
types of nozzles, Mach number, applications of nozzles. Impulse and reaction turbines, necessity of compounding.
Control of pollution due to steam boilers
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
one of the renewable energy resources project that help me lot to my carrier in research field : this slide is for the prototype model that i design actual full scale size may be bit of different from my calculations and data's
Make power out of your waste heat - Organic Rankine Cycle Sindhu Maiyya
How to utilize the waste heat generated by pretty much all the processes we engage in. An idea to convert the waste heat into useful power.
A presentation give in the finals of Schenider Electric Go Green in the City Challenge -2012
To identify key areas in the steam generation cycle, condensate recovery system and waste heat recovery process where cost-effective instrumentation solutions offer a tangible return on investment over the short term. The goal is to reduce heat rate, environmental impact, fuel and water consumption, water treatment and maintenance costs in commercial and heavy industries where steam generation is essential to the production processes.
In this webinar you will learn specific tips on how to obtain the best accuracy from 3D printing machines for your parts from 3D Systems, Objet, and Stratasys. Each manufacturer will give you 5 tips that will ensure accurate dimensions in your built parts. These tips will cover various design, material, and machine factors that can influence the final outcome of your part.
All registrants will also receive free copies of these white papers following the webinar:
- Top Five Reasons to Integrate 3D Printing into your Product Development Lifecycle
- How 3D Printing works: The Vision, Innovation and Technologies Behind Inkjet 3D Printing
An introduction to the reasons for condensate recovery System, that including energy costing, water charges and water treatment costing and included calculations for potential savings.
This project is Computer Numerical Control Machine (CNC) which performs engraving on wood or plastic plate. The main goal is to engrave picture on wood. This type of engraving will provide a souvenir as a gift.
Generation Electrical Energy Using the Excess Heat of an Internal Combustion ...Mahfuj Sharod
The “energy crisis” has become the major challenge for the present humanity and mankind .According to the law of conservation of energy it is known that energy can only be transformed or be transmitted ,neither be created nor destroyed .So far while transforming energy there is nothing but a little or huge loss ,so called waste of energy .The main purpose of this presentation is to utilize the waste heat energy of an IC engine into Electrical energy.
Optimization of Skin Condenser Using Bundy Tube In Place Of Copper TubeIJMER
The condenser is an important device used in the high pressure side of a refrigeration
system. Its function is to remove heat of the hot vapour refrigerant discharged from the compressor. The
main objective of this work is to carryout experimental investigation on Bundy Condenser coil used in
Skin Condenser for a Deep Freezer of 425 liters capacity; it is proposed to optimize the length of the
condenser coil. R – 134A will be used as refrigerant for the proposed investigation.
Simple description about gas turbine. Where you are going to know about its classification,advantages and disadvantages also.Here also you can find-out where it is actually usages.
MSEB was set up in 1960 to generate, transmit and distribute power to all consumers in
Maharashtra excluding Mumbai. MSEB was the largest SEB in the country. The generation
capacity of MSEB has grown from 760 MW in 1960-61 to 9771 MW in 2001-02. The customer
base has grown from 1,07,833 in 1960-61 to 1,40,09,089 in 2001-02.
C.S.T.P.S in contribution much in field of production of electricity. It is not only number
one thermal power station in Asia but also has occupied specific position on the international
map.
The first set was commission on August 1983 & was dedicated to nation by then PM
(late) Mrs. Indira Gandhi & second set commission on July 1984. The third & fourth units of
CSTPS under stage 2 were commissioned on the 3rd May 1985 & 8th March 1986 respectively.
The units 5 & 6 were commissioned on the 22nd March 1991 & 11th March 1992 respectively one
more units of 500MW was added to the CSTPS on making its generation to 2340 MW &
making “C.S.T.P.S.” as the giant in Power Generation of CSTPS.
The steam power plant is an important source to produce the electricity. The major portion of electricity demand is fulfilled by this power plant. It is also called a thermal power plant. It provides the electricity required to different areas. In this article we will study the construction, working, efficiency, advantages, and disadvantages of steam power plants It is the power plant which is used to generate electricity by the use of steam turbine. The major components of these power plants are boiler, steam turbine, condenser, and water feed pump.
4. OUR IDEA
By introducing an heat exchanger, we
would be able to recover the
superheat of the refrigerant gas for the
purpose of heating water.
5.
6. MATERIAL USED
1. In evaporator and heater, we used copper tube in coil shaped and
inserted it into water in a vessel of 4 litre capacity.
2. Compressor of 1/8 ton capacity.
3. Capillary of 1mm diameter and 1.5 m length.
4. R134a refrigerant of 465 grams.
5. Copper tubing of ¼ inch and 70 foot length.
6. Drier
7. FABRICATION
1. We bent copper tube in ‘coil shaped’ by wounding around different
sized containers for different diameter.
2. We have got made a cast iron stand from a known blacksmith.
3. We made proper arrangement for fitting of the compressor.
4. We made hook so that condenser can be properly fitted.
5. We also made ring arrangements for the containers so that they
may properly fitted get into it.
6. We made holes on both containers of ½ inch diameter with help
drill bit (hole saw cutter) and fitted tap with barrel foot pipe outlet
and applied waterproof m-seal, PVC solvent and checked for
leakage if any. We also made holes on upper side of container for
copper tubing inlet and outlet.
8.
9.
10.
11. BRAZING
Brazing is done for the connection of parts by means of copper
tubes. For brazing, we had increased the diameter on one end of the
copper tube and inserted the second tube into it followed by
polishing of the upper surface of the joint tube. With the help of
brazing torch, we heated the joint till it appeared to be red hot and
heated the filler rod simultaneously. The filler rod started to melt and
we allowed it to drop on the joint. It got stuck to the joint and we
allowed for cooling for a while.
12.
13. GAS FILLING
We had done gas filling with the help of our experienced classmate,
Sadiq Fakih. We had used set vacuuming method in which one of
the two ends of the drier is kept open and the compressor is started,
thereby, the air inside the circuit goes out. After that, we closed that
one end while the compressor is still running for the pressure to
build inside the circuit. Before closing the open end, we filled the
refrigerant gas inside the circuit through the gas filling port of the
compressor at the required quantity and then closed the gas filling
port with help of a small non-return valve.
14. LEAKAGE TEST
After gas filling, we carried out the leakage test by running the
compressor for some time. During the leakage testing, we heard
many sounds of gas leaking at various joints in the circuit. To get a
proper insight of the leakages, we used soap-foam method to find
out where exactly the leakage was. After the detection of the
leakages at various joints, we carried out the brazing operation at
those areas.
15. PERFORMANCE TESTING
Energy consumption and work done by the compressor:
Time taken 3 impulse = 24 seconds
Energy meter constant (EMC) = 3200 impulse/kW hr
Therefore, energy consumption by the compressor,
Es = No. of impulse × 3600
Time taken for impulse × EMC
= 3 × 3600
24 × 3200
= 0.1463 kW
16. Let us assume that the mechanical efficiency of the compressor is 85 %.
Work done by the compressor (W) = Energy supplied × compressor efficiency
= 0.1463 × 0.85
= 0.119 kW
Mass calculation:
Mass capacity of chiller:
Volumetric capacity of chiller = 4 litres
We know, 1 litre = 10-3 m3
Therefore, 4 litres = 4 × 10-3 m3
Mass capacity of chiller, Mwc = 4 × 10-3 × 103 kg
Therefore, Mwc = 4 kg
Mass capacity of heater:
Volumetric capacity of heater = 4 litres
As both the containers are similar, therefore,
Mwh = 4 kg
17. COP calculation:
COP calculation by considering only cooling effect:
Time taken for the test = 30 minutes
= 30 × 60 seconds
= 1800 seconds
Tc1 = 35 C
Tc2 = 23 C
Refrigerating effect (RE) = Mwc × Cpw × (Tc1 – Tc2)
T
= 4 × 4.184 × (35-23)
1800
= 0.1115 kW
COP actual = RE
W
= 0.1115
0.119
= 0.937
18. COP calculation by considering heating and cooling effect:
Time taken for the test = 30 minutes
= 30 × 60 seconds
= 1800 seconds
Th1 = 30 C
Th2 = 40 C
Heating effect (HE) = Mwh × Cpw × (Th2 – Th1)
T
= 4 × 4.184 × (40-30)
1800
= 0.0929 kW
COP actual = HE + RE
W
= 0.0929 + 0.1115
0.119
= 1.717
19. COP difference due to waste heat recovery:
COP difference due to waste heat recovery = 1.717 – 0. 937
= 0.781
20. CONCLUSION
We get heating of 10 C and cooling of 12 C after 30 minutes. So,
our purpose of waste heat recovery by simultaneously heating and
cooling completed. We can use this hot water for dish washing, cloth
washing, bathing etc. Our college canteen can use this system for
simultaneously heating tea, coffee, water and chilling fruit juice,
water, cold drink etc. By considering heating as well as cooling
effect, our actual COP was also increased by 0.781.