The document analyzes potential energy optimization opportunities for a vessel called the ASD-2810 through heat recovery. It begins with an introduction and overview of the research contents. Next, it performs a vessel analysis which examines the vessel's energy demands and waste heat supply sources. It then reviews various heat recovery technology options for heat, cooling, freshwater and electric supply. An example heat recovery scheme is presented and its potential fuel savings are analyzed for different system configurations and seasons. Key conclusions are that storage systems are important for continuous supply and an adsorption-based system using heat storage provides the largest fuel savings. A recommendation is made to develop a heat recovery optimization tool to help evaluate different component options.

1. Research
Energy optimization of
ASD-2810
through Heat Recovery
By Aadhaar Sharma
1
Damen Research and
Development department

2. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Contents
Introduction
Vessel analysis
Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
2

3. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Typical Energy flow on Direct Propulsion vessel
3
100%
95%
38% 37%
17%
20%
13%
13%
31%
1%
3%
2%
2%
~0%
5%
Waste heat
57%
Introduction

4. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Nodes of improvement
Propeller efficiency
• Propellers already operating close to
theoretical efficiency
Drive train efficiency
• Frictional or electrical losses.
Engine efficiency
• Conversion efficiency (no significant
improvements in recent history)
• Heat recovery
4
40±5
%
97%
to
98%
45±5
%
Introduction

5. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Case study: ASD 2810
• 28 mLength
• 10 mBeam
• 13.6 knotsSpeed
• 56 ton astern/ 60 ton aheadBollard pull
5
Introduction

6. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
6
Propulsion and electrical generation systems
Propulsion
Engine
3516-C
1864 kW @ 1600RPM
G
B
G
B
G
86 ekW
DE
93 bkW
G
86 ekW
DE
93 bkW
[440V,60Hz]SwitchBoard
Hotel load
Propulsion
Engine
3516-C
1864 kW @ 1600RPM
Introduction

7. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Energy demand analysis of ASD-2810
Type of demand Installed capacity Average usage
Heating: All the heating
demands can be fulfilled by
water supply at 70oC.
81.54 kW
3.15 kW during summers,
12.45 kW during winter,
30.45 kW during winter while
docking.
Cooling: Space cooling
demands can be fulfilled by
10oC cooling fluid.
54 kW
21.6 kW during summers,
0 kW during winters.
Electrical loads
142.41 kW (This includes
several components which are
rarely used during the year)
30.95 kW during summers,
20.55 kW during winters.
Freshwater generation None None
7
Vessel analysis

8. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Diesel factor
8
Type of demand Diesel Factor
Heating
2.63 (electrical)
1.11 (oil heater)
Cooling
0.877 (For COP=3)
0.75 (For COP=3.5)
Electrical loads 2.63
Loads met by heat
recovery
0
Energy
from fuel:
100J
Energy
from diesel
engine: 40J
Energy from
generator:
38J
Energy to
Consumer:
38J
η=40%
η=95%
η~100%
Diesel Factor
=100J / 38J
=2.63
Vessel analysis

9. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Demand profile assumption
9
Summertime fuel consumption(in kW)
Wintertime fuel consumption(in kW)
• The profile is assumed to be
constant, except in cases of
shore connection mode.
• In reality there are big
fluctuations, but over short
time periods.
• But for total fuel consumption
calculation, the short period
fluctuations can be neglected
Electric
consumption
Heating
consumption
Cooling
consumption
Fuel consumption profile over 13 days
Vessel analysis
120 GJ
134.6 GJ

10. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Waste heat supply from engine
Three sources of
waste heat:
• LT circuit
• HT circuit
• Exhaust gases
10
Vessel analysis

11. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
11
Ship logs: for 13 days

12. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Profile of waste heat supply
12
Vessel analysis
Engine
specs
Engine
power
logs
Engine
speed
logs
LT waste heat supply (in kW). Avg=8.38kW
HT waste heat supply (in kW). Avg=66.11kW
Exhaust waste heat supply (in kW). Avg=86.21kW

13. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
13
To summarize…
Vessel analysis
Electric
consumption
Heating
consumption
Cooling
consumption
Summer(kW) Winter(kW)
3.15
12.45/
30.45
21.6 0
30.95 20.55
?
Average LT waste heat
supply:8.38kW
Average HT waste heat
supply: 66.11kW
Average exhaust waste
heat supply : 86.21kW
Supply
Demand

14. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research For heat supply
Heat supply
Direct circulation Heat pump Oil burner
14
Heat recovery
technologies

15. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
15
For cooling supply
Cooling supply
Sorption systems
Liquid sorption
(absorption)
Solid sorption (adsorption)
Vapour compression
Heat recovery
technologies

16. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
16
For freshwater supply
Freshwater supply
Reverse osmosis Evaporation based
Coil evaporators
Flash evaporators
Heat recovery
technologies

17. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
17
For electric supply
Electric supply
Rankine cycle
With turbine
With piston expander
Kalina Cycle Organic Rankine cycle
High temperature ORC
Low temperature ORC
Heat recovery
technologies

18. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Storage technologies
Storage
Electrical storage
Lithium-ion
Lead acid
Heat storage
Sensible storage
Latent storage
Thermo-chemical
storage
18

19. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Killer demands on technologies
Demand Description Victims
Seaworthiness
Ship oscillations
Ship accelerations
Sea-salt aerosol corrosion
Absorption/ liquid
sorption cooling
Heat source
temperature
Heat source temperature
required cannot be more
than 200oC
Turbine based Rankine
cycle; Kalina cycle
Continuous supply
The supply from the system
must not be intermittent
(especially for electric
supply)
Sensible heat storage
Availability of
technology
Technology should be at
least in advanced stage of
research and
experimentation.
Thermochemical heat
storage
19
Heat recovery
technologies

20. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Heat recovery schemes
• The aforementioned components can be arranged to form a heat recovery
scheme.
• A standard scheme has 5 sub-systems connected by heat, cold or electric
supply.
20
Suppliers
• LT cooling
• HT cooling
• Exhaust
• Generator
• Seawater
Supply
storage
• 80oC heat storage
• 175oC heat
storage
Conversion
• Heat to electricity
• Heat to cooling
• Heat upgradation
Consumption
storage
• Heat storage
• Cold storage
• Electric storage
(Battery)
Consumers
• Space heating
• Space cooling
• Freshwater
generation
• Electrical loads
System analysis
& results

21. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Example of a scheme
21
Electrical conversion of waste heat via heat storage
System analysis
& results

22. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Its analysis
22
System analysis
& results

23. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Fuel savings comparison
23
Wintertime saving (%)
Base consumption: 135 GJ
Summertime saving (%)
Base consumption: 120 GJ
System analysis
& results
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
HT only HT +
Exhaust
HT only HT +
Exhaust
HT only HT +
Exhaust
ORC low ORC high ORC low ORC high ORC low ORC high HT only HT +
Exhaust
HT only HT +
Exhaust
Without storage With perfect storage With 1GJ storage Without storage With 0.5 GJ
electrical Storage
With 2 GJ heat
storage
Without
storage
With
storage
With 2GJ Heat
Storage
With 1.5GJ Cold
Storage
No Heat
Recovery
Direct heating Ulmatec
Solution
ORC Heat Pump Adsorption

24. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Fuels savings in Dollars
We consider the low heating value of Diesel and the current diesel prices.
Following are the annual running costs of the hotel load:
24
System analysis
& results
Wintertime saving($)Summertime saving($)
$0.00
$5,000.00
$10,000.00
$15,000.00
$20,000.00
$25,000.00
$30,000.00
HT only HT +
Exhaust
HT only HT +
Exhaust
HT only HT +
Exhaust
ORC low ORC high ORC low ORC high ORC low ORC high HT only HT +
Exhaust
HT only HT +
Exhaust
Without storage With perfect
storage
With 1GJ storage Without storage With 0.5 GJ
electrical Storage
With 2 GJ heat
storage
Without
storage
With
storage
With 2GJ Heat
Storage
With 1.5GJ Cold
Storage
No Heat
Recovery
Direct heating Ulmatec
Solution
ORC Heat Pump Adsorption

25. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
• Storage systems are essential.
• Space heating from waste heat recovery is very
lucrative.
• Adsorption system running on heat storage
saves the most fuel.
25
Conclusions
Conclusions &
recommendations

26. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
• Real time hotel load data should be logged in
the future, for better analysis.
• Storage systems were modelled as lossless.
Losses should be included.
• Special constraints of systems must be modeled
in the analysis.
26
Recommendations

27. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research Recommendation: Heat recovery tool
27
The final list of heat recovery components in use
Component activation dependent
on previous choices
Capacity of storage to be
filled by the user
Circuits involved in heat
recovery can be chosen
The consumption details
displayed according to season
Conclusions &
recommendations

28. Research
Questions?
28

29. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
29
Sample run

30. Introduction Vessel analysis Heat recovery
technologies
System analysis &
results
Conclusion &
recommendations
Research
30
Its outcome