This document summarizes a study on the future sustainability of Sejong City, South Korea, focusing on the implementation of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). The study analyzes Sejong City's master plan and its TOD implementation, particularly the planned Bus Rapid Transit system. TOD is expected to help Sejong City avoid potential urban problems seen in Putrajaya, Malaysia by optimizing the urban transportation system. Mixed land use, improved walking environments, and policies that increase public transit ridership are analyzed as ways TOD could promote environmental, economic and social sustainability in Sejong City. The conclusion is that TOD would be a better development option for cities in developing regions and is necessary for new planned cities to relieve traffic and
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...drboon
Existence of Cities always depends on the region for the resources-land, food, water, energy or maybe cheap labor. The resource base is vital for the survival of the cities. With increasing urban sprawl there is a great impact on the future of cities and their sustenance. The primary intent of the study is to demonstrate an Urban Design approach towards a sustainable compact urban model in new growth potential areas (case of Cyberabad, Hyderabad, India) as a means to counteract city’s faceless sprawl and environmental degradation by generating compact high density, low energy, mixed-use living and integrating it with the existing city fabric reducing the ecological footprint for future generations. As the selected site offers good natural features, ecologically sensitive areas of the site i.e. Steep slope areas, catchment channels and climatically unsuitable areas from the open space system of the development. The sustainable compact city design approach balances the environmental loads and the growth of city saving resources, conserving energy and enhancing the quality of life.
An Urban Design Approach to a Sustainable Compact City in New Growth Potentia...drboon
Existence of Cities always depends on the region for the resources-land, food, water, energy or maybe cheap labor. The resource base is vital for the survival of the cities. With increasing urban sprawl there is a great impact on the future of cities and their sustenance. The primary intent of the study is to demonstrate an Urban Design approach towards a sustainable compact urban model in new growth potential areas (case of Cyberabad, Hyderabad, India) as a means to counteract city’s faceless sprawl and environmental degradation by generating compact high density, low energy, mixed-use living and integrating it with the existing city fabric reducing the ecological footprint for future generations. As the selected site offers good natural features, ecologically sensitive areas of the site i.e. Steep slope areas, catchment channels and climatically unsuitable areas from the open space system of the development. The sustainable compact city design approach balances the environmental loads and the growth of city saving resources, conserving energy and enhancing the quality of life.
Presentation tries to portray the context, necessity, role and importance of transportation in the urban context, issues faced by cities in rationalizing transport and options which can be leveraged in making transportation sustainable - which inter alia includes; making cities compact, planning for people, promoting accessibility, limiting mobility, re-ordering the priority for mobility, leveraging mass transportation, technology etc. Presentation stresses the role an d importance of shape and size of the city in making transportation sustainable. Need for changing the approach to urban planning has also been emphasized.
Jeff Risoms and Maria Sisternas presentation for the 2nd Annual International Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development, held in Amman, Jordan, July 2010.
Sydney Transport - Victoria Road | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Sydney’s transport system is suffering due to the fact that may services do not in link with where Sydney residents need to travel. Victoria Road is a very congested route in peak hour. This presentation designed concepts on how to make Victoria Road become less congested.
Transit Oriented Development is the exciting fast growing trend in creating vibrant, livable, sustainable communities. Also known as TOD, it's the creation of compact, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around high quality train systems.
transit oriented development california
transit oriented development principles
examples of transit oriented development
transit oriented development abstract
transit oriented development case studies
transit oriented development hawaii
transit oriented development seattle
transit oriented development benefits
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
Every one in the world wants to live in a compact environment. like in olden days the peoples they were used telephone, telegram, etc. for communication. but in the current scenario every one have smart phones for better communication. Because smartphones are compact and convenient to them.This presentation about Compact City planning and also it dealt how various compact cities in the developed and developing countries manage themselves. This presentation just gives an outline of the compact city planning.
Promoting Sustainable Cities using Green transportJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation makes an effort to list few ideas as to how to make urban transportation sustainable and-- promoting accessibility rather than mobility --besides promoting pedestrianisation and cycling as preferred means of travel
Presentation tries to portray the context, necessity, role and importance of transportation in the urban context, issues faced by cities in rationalizing transport and options which can be leveraged in making transportation sustainable - which inter alia includes; making cities compact, planning for people, promoting accessibility, limiting mobility, re-ordering the priority for mobility, leveraging mass transportation, technology etc. Presentation stresses the role an d importance of shape and size of the city in making transportation sustainable. Need for changing the approach to urban planning has also been emphasized.
Jeff Risoms and Maria Sisternas presentation for the 2nd Annual International Conference on Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development, held in Amman, Jordan, July 2010.
Sydney Transport - Victoria Road | Biocity StudioBiocity Studio
Sydney’s transport system is suffering due to the fact that may services do not in link with where Sydney residents need to travel. Victoria Road is a very congested route in peak hour. This presentation designed concepts on how to make Victoria Road become less congested.
Transit Oriented Development is the exciting fast growing trend in creating vibrant, livable, sustainable communities. Also known as TOD, it's the creation of compact, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around high quality train systems.
transit oriented development california
transit oriented development principles
examples of transit oriented development
transit oriented development abstract
transit oriented development case studies
transit oriented development hawaii
transit oriented development seattle
transit oriented development benefits
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
Every one in the world wants to live in a compact environment. like in olden days the peoples they were used telephone, telegram, etc. for communication. but in the current scenario every one have smart phones for better communication. Because smartphones are compact and convenient to them.This presentation about Compact City planning and also it dealt how various compact cities in the developed and developing countries manage themselves. This presentation just gives an outline of the compact city planning.
Promoting Sustainable Cities using Green transportJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation makes an effort to list few ideas as to how to make urban transportation sustainable and-- promoting accessibility rather than mobility --besides promoting pedestrianisation and cycling as preferred means of travel
This session will use stories to get in and around the challenges of delivering person‐centred care. Gain an understanding of some of the ways in which story can be used in a very direct and honest way to support learning, practice and service improvement in everyday caring situations.
Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasuresIJERA Editor
With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city
traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further.
At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion,
maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
Study of Key Factors Determinant Choice of Rail-Based Mass TransitIJERA Editor
Pursuant to regulations of the Ministry of Transportation in 2002 about the type of transport based on the city
size, the metropolis with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants are required to have the urban mass
transit. Nevertheless, until now not all city-scale population of more than 1 million have mass public transport,
either bus or rail-based. Especially for rail-based mass transit, indicated the existing regulations have not been
able to challenge the development of rail-based urban mass transit. Learning from the literature study and the
experience of countries that already have rail-based urban mass transit it has acquired nine main factors to be
taken into account in developing a rail-based urban public transportation. This study was conducted by using
Analytical Hierarchy Process method which was further validated through the implementation of the On Focus
Group Discussion in the Jakarta City Transportation Council (DTKJ) as well as in the City Development
Planning Board (Bappeko) Surabaya. Finally, the initial result shown five sequences determining factor for the
determinant choice of rail-based mass transit, namely: fiscal or economic capacity of the region and society,
transport policy, integrated public transport, land use, fare and travel time. Furthermore, the acquisition results
of this study can be applied to the selected cities to address the challenges to urban mass transit development.
ALTERNATE ROPEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR MANPADA ROADcivej
Cities grow in dynamic complex patterns, creating many problems. The study area of Dombivli - Manpada road has grown haphazardly in past decade due to population xplosion. Manpada road attracts heavy traffic but due to narrow roads and inefficient transit options, it leads to severe traffic congestion, side friction, delays, stress, accidents and other problems. Alternate ropeway transit system provides a better
public transit option and plays important role in reducing use of fossil fuels thus helping fight climate change. Total travel during peak hours is expected to double from 48000 to 88000 by 2031 which needs to be supported by various public transits. Cost benefit analysis is used here for evaluating desirability of project by weighting benefits against costs. Ropeway is expected to provide sustainable development,
efficient and effective public transit option and contribute to protection and enhancement of environment.
Transport Policies for Van Couver, CanadaSaumya Gupta
The presentation covers the Transport Policies of Vancouver. All data is from secondary sources, which are duly mentioned in the last slide. This was done as a part of an assignment of Transport Policy and Legislation.
For the Final of the European Student Parliament in Copenhagen in June 2014, I created a preparation kit. My working group of around 10 young students from all over Europe was asked to develop new ideas for future mobility in cities.
In my overview I touched several topics, such as understanding cities, relevance of mobility, current challenges and perspectives for the future.
More information on my blog: hoffmannmartin.eu/youth-science-finals-of-the-european-student-parliaments/
A presentation depicting what are the advantages of publicly owned and operated transportation system over privately owned and operated transportation system with suitable case studies of a few big cities.
A Study on the Future Sustainability of Sejong City, South Korea's Multifunct...Jeongmuk Kang
대중교통지향형개발의 실행을 중심으로 한, 대한민국의 행정중심복합도시 세종시의 미래 지속가능성에 대한 연구
A Study on the Future Sustainability of Sejong, South Korea’s Multifunctional Administrative City, Focusing on Implementation of Transit Oriented Development
Uppsala University
Master of Science in Sustainable Development
강정묵
인류는 천연 자원들을 대규모로 개발하고 소비하며 지구의 환경과 기후를 바꿔가고 있다. 18 세기 후반 증기기관이 발명과 함께 교통의 발달과 그에 따른 도시의 경제 활동 및 인구 증가로 도시들은 급속도로 성장하였다. 현재 도시들은 전 세계 인구의 절반 이상을 수용하고 있으며, 2030년에는 세계 에너지 소비의 73%가 도시에서 소비될 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 도시의 성장과 함께, 도시는 현재의 환경 및 에너지 관련 문제들의 원인으로 대두됨과 동시에 해결책의 근본으로 여겨지고 있다. 다양한 에너지 소비 부문 중에서, 교통 부문에서의 에너지 소비는 전체 에너지 소비의 19%를 차지하며 에너지 관련 이산화탄소 배출량의 23%를 차지하고 있다. 그리고 그 수치는 날로 증가하는 추세에 있다. 세계의 많은 도시들은 도시 교통에서 소비되는 화석 연료와 온난화 가스의 배출량을 줄이기 위해 많은 노력들을 하고 있다. 2050년까지 전 세계 도시 인구의 54%를 수용할 것으로 예측되고 있는 아시아 국가에서는, 주요 도시의 과밀화를 피하고 국토의 균형 발전을 도모하기 위해서 에코시티와 새로운 행정도시 건설과 같은 프로젝트들을 시도하고 있다. 한 편, 남아메리카의 개발 도상국에서는 대중교통지향형도시개발(Transit Oriented Development: TOD)과 간선급행버스체계(Bus Rapid Transit: BRT)를 도입하면서, 개발 도상국에서의 효율적인 도시 교통네트워크 및 지속 가능한 도시 구조 개선을 상대적인 저비용으로 구축할 수 있는 가능성을 보여줬다. 세종시는 2030년 완성을 목표로 대한민국에서 개발 중인 행정기능을 중심으로 한 계획 도시이다. 이 논문의 목적은 세종시 건설의 마스터플랜을 바탕으로, 세종시의 BRT를 기반으로 한 대중교통의 역할과 도시의 미래 지속가능성을 평가하는 것이다. 말레이시아의 행정도시인 푸트라자야(Putrajaya)에서 발견된 문제점들을 바탕으로 세종시가 풀어가야 할 과제들을 제시함과 동시에, 다른 여러 도시에서 연구된 TOD와 관련한 도시 정책들이 도시에 미치는 영향들을 종합하여 세종시 BRT가 도시의 지속가능성에 미치는 영향을 시스템 분석을 통해 제시할 것이다.
결과적으로, 본 연구는 TOD에서 파생된 실행 계획들이 도시의 교통 혼잡
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
3. 1. Background
Global Warming and Climate Change
• by 0.74 °C over the past hundred years.
• Natural disasters (Floods, Tsunami, Hurricane etc.)
Growing Population and Urbanization
• More than 7 billion people on Earth.
• Urban population 50.9 % (today) 56.6 % (2025) 68.7 % (2050)
• By 2030, cities will be responsible for 73 % of the world’s energy use
• To avert the worst impacts from Climate Change, CO2 emission must be cut
by 50% (IPCC).
The role of transportation
• Transport: 19% energy use and 23% energy-related CO2 emission
• CO2 emissions from transportation sector would be able to be cut by up to
65% by 2050 (Greene et al., 2011).
4. 1.1 Spread of transport networks
The Industrial Revolution
(1850s ~)
• The introduction of steam
engines
• Higher economic productivity
& transportation capability
• The change of the structure of
city
• Colonization
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1650 1700 1750 1801 1851 1901 1911 1951 2001 2006 2011
PopulationinLondon
x100000
Year
X6
6. 1.3 Urban congestions and New
Urbanism
New Urbanism
(the late 20th ~)
• Attention to Urban transport
• The expansion of railway
networks in Western countries
• Automobile-oriented
development in developing world.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Railline(Totalroute-km)x10000
Year
United States
Euro area
Russian
China
India
South Africa
Korea, Rep.
Turkey
Malaysia
7. 1.4 Decentralization & balanced
national development
• In developing country, increase of 1,000 urban population →
1,500-2,000 additional trips each day (TRL, 1992)
• Severe congestion and deterioration, in particular the capital cities
of developing countries.
→ Decentralization by creating new cities in developing countries
8. 1.4 Decentralization & balanced
national development
Sejong city, South Korea (2030)Putrajaya city, Malaysia (2012)
Location of PUTRAJAYA city
Source: Moser (2010)
Location of SEJONG city
Source: MACCA (2007)
9. 1.5 Urban Transform with Transit-
Oriented Development
• Mass transport system in low cost with Bus Rapid Transit in Latin America
Curitiba (Brazil), Bogota (Colombia)
• TOD was conceptualized in North America in the early 90’s
Transit-Oriented Development is typically defined as more compact
development within easy walking distance of transit stations that contains a
mix of uses such as housing, jobs, shops, restaurants and entertainment. TOD
is really about creating walkable, sustainable communities for people of all
ages and incomes and providing more transportation and housing choices
(Center for Transit-Oriented Development, 2007, p2).
10. 2 Aim of the study
to assess the future urban sustainability of Sejong city by
analyzing first the Master Plan of the construction of the city,
and second its implementation with a focus on the expected role
of Transit-Oriented Development in particular looking at BRT.
• What sorts of sustainable aspects will Sejong have?
• What are shortcomings of planned city?
• What would the influence of TOD on Sejong’s urban sustainability be?
11. 3 Methodology
• Databases by international organizations
• Inventory Analysis of Sejong city
– PEBOSCA framework based on the Master Plan of the construction of
Sejong
• Shortcomings of planned city
– Field trip to the project area of Sejong city
– Review of the articles regarding the current situation of Putrajaya
• Expected role of TOD in Sejong
– Review of the Master Plan of BRT System in Sejong
– Review of proceeding researches on transport and urban related
issues
14. Major features of the city
Zonal Planning
• Six functional cores
• Connected by BRT
• Central portion is reserved
Multi core structure of Sejong and public transport axis (plan)
Source: MACCA (2011)
Decentralization concept of Sejong
Source: MACCA
15. Major features of the city
Mixed communities
• Easy to access to essential &
daily services
• Traditional market place in
plaza → Frequent contact
within community members
The city without 5
things
• No utility poles, garbage,
private walls, advertising
signboards and curb parking
• Common Utility Ducts (CUD)
16. 2.1 The shortcomings of Sejong
Small-size generation from
renewable sources
• Central bike path → Increased
number of wild animals killed on the
road
• Small sized dams → Harmful effect
on aquatic ecosystems
Restoration of the river
basin
• Attempts to plan the nature →
Unsustainable way of restoration
• Low effectiveness of eco-park and
bike path
17. 2.2 The Shortcomings of Putrajaya
Lack of ‘Green’
• Lots of glass materials on
buildings in average 30°C
• Low density
• Lack of green shade – too hot for
walking and cycling
Lack of mobility
• Delay of planned urban rail
system & Inefficient bus network
→ Invasion of automobile and
illegal curb parking
Formalized structure of Putrajaya
Source: King (2007)
18. 3.1 TOD in Sejong
Inner Circular BRT axes
• Highly prioritized for BRT
• BRT links all the functional zones
• Easy access to BRT station
(with in 20 min by walking, cycling,
and community buses)
• 70% of the whole transport
Outer ring for automobiles
• Optimized for automobile users
Route of inner circular public transport axis (plan)
Source: MACCA (2011)
19. 3.1 TOD in Sejong
Transit Transfer Center
• Three types of transfer centers
– Parking-Oriented (5)
– Public Transport (Each BRT station)
– Terminal type (the South and the North)
Green networks
• Auxiliary function of Public transport
Locations of parking-oriented transit center
Source: Bae et al. (2008)
Bicycle roads installing diagram
Source: MACCA (2007)
21. Automobile traffic control
Broader roads & free curb parking spaces even lower
the functionality of roads
• Free parking → Additional travel → more use of fuel and CO2 emission.
• Calculation by Shoup (1997)
By automobiles cruising for a free parking space in Westood, central portion
of the Westside of Los Angels, over a year
47,000 gallons of gasoline & 728 tons of CO2 = two round trip to the moon
• Free curb parking → subsidizing only for automobile users in cash → returns
congested roads & polluted urban atmosphere
22. Automobile traffic control
• Thus, curb parking should be limited and charged in a certain level
→ lead people switch their transportation mode to public transportation or
green modes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6
Commutermodeshare
Price of Parking at work ($/day)
Drive sole
Carpool
Transit
Estimated commuter mode share in accordance with price of parking at work
Source: Estimated from Willson (1992)
23. Optimization of public transport
The more buses, the less CO2 emission?
• The importance of the ridership (No. of passengers in a vehicle)
• Public transit fails at energy efficiency without ridership.
• From the calculation of the US case
If the road factor (Avg. no. of passengers) of Transit bus changes from 9.2 to
10.2 → Energy consumption per passenger decrease from 2,781 to 2,524
24. Optimization of public transport
The more passenger in a vehicle, the higher energy
efficiency
• Not only the public transport
system but also the policies
leading people to use public
transport should be
accompanied.
• in Portland, US 2,547 → 2,087
through TOD program over 5
years
25. Mixed land-use
High fluctuation of ridership of public transportation
• Single Central Business District (CBD) surrounded by residential area
→ Commuter trains are full during rush hour, but empty during daytime.
Hard to expect more than average one-fifth full of transit vehicle (Nusca,
2010).
• Mixed land use pattern → almost the same relationship as high-density
development with increased transit ridership (Sung and Oh 2011).
26. Improvement of walking environment
Revitalization of economy of local businesses
→ Increased and prolonged foot traffic on the street
Increase of property and income taxes
→ Increase of actual value of real estates
→ Increase of taxable income for local government
Transport not only is a key factor in modern economies, but also plays an
important role for the individual happiness. Optimization of transport
system is crucial to meet increasing demands and sustainable development
(Duarte et al, 2010, p.30).
29. Discussion
• Sejong’s future aspects for urban sustainability
→ Urban problems on transportation and mobility in Putrajaya
→ Sejong’s actions in accordance with TOD on circular-shape of urban
structure would prevent the potential urban problems
Weaknesses of this study
• Controversial over the feasibility of analysis on the Master Plan of the city
• Possible Inefficiency caused from the split of government units
• Environmental issues
30. Conclusion
Better option for developing world
• The implementation of TOD and transport policies is expected to
systemically relieve urban traffic problems and positively influence to the
environment, economy, and the social sustainability of the city in the future.
TOD would be deemed to be a better option for existing cities
and is quite necessary for newly developing planned cities in
Asia and Africa.