The document discusses the importance of publicly owned and operated public transportation systems for urban development, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. It highlights the characteristics of an ideal public transport system, reiterates the moral and social equity implications of mobility, and emphasizes the need for comprehensive coverage and accessibility. Furthermore, it critiques the inefficiencies and safety issues associated with privatized transport services while advocating for government investment in transportation infrastructure to create positive socio-economic outcomes.

1. PUBLICLY OWNED&OPERATED
PUBLIC TRANPORT
Sng Hock Lin Neethu Krishna
M
Yeo Sheow Wei Souradeep
Gupta

2. • “A system of vehicles such as buses and trains which
operate at regular times on fixed routes and are used
by the public”
© Cambridge University Press
PUBLIC TRANSPORT

3. Public owned & Private owned &
operated : operated:
Non-government
Government-owned
companies. It
corporation or includes public-listed
state-owned and pure private
companies companies
PUBLIC OWNED, OPERATED &
PRIVATE OWNED,OPERATED

4. •Accessibility
•Affordability
•Service Standard
•Safety & Security
•Economic Viability
What do commuters care
•Commuter-Friendliness
about?
•Integration & Connectivity
•Environment Sustainability
•Supports Development & Growth
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

5. Urban development & Economic
growth
Environmental sustainability
Equity & Affordability
Commuter-focusedProfitable
WHY PUBLICLY OWNED &
OPERATED TRANSPORT?

6. STIMULATE URBAN
DEVELOPMENT &
ECONOMIC GROWTH

7. GOVERNMENT CREATES
ACCESSIBILITY =>
LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGE

8. GOVERNMENT takes the first step:
URBAN PLANNING
+
TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT
MARKET FORCES follow:
INCREASED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Public planned transportation system leads to
Value Creation
Public transportation is an Investment in Human Capital,
not merely physical assets

9. Since its launch in 1996, TRTC has played an important
role in leading urban development.
• “There is an increased vitality in urban areas, land
usage efficiency is on the rise and a wider diversity
of lifestyle choices has been made available to city
residents…”
(Extract from TRTC’s 2010 Annual Report)
• Tourism development in Xinbeitou, Tamsui
• Commercial development in Neihu
Stimulate Urban Development

10. Cost of INACCESSIBILITY is a Big Concern
• It is isolating.
• It is a downward spiral.
Poor accessibility  Poor economic outcome
(joblessness, low wages, restricted upward mobility)
Conversely….

11. SUSTAINABILITY

12. PROBLEMS:
Urban population growth, Environmental
damage, Unaccounted external cost (air
pollution, congestion)
CHALLENGES:
Meet population growth needs, Conserve
resources, Reduce environmental impact (emissions)
Sustainability

13. Public/mass transportation vs. private transportation
• More efficient use of land & energy resources
• Least pollutive emissions per passenger-km traveled
• Produces positive spillover effect
Well-planned public
transportation system meets
the challenge

14. Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA)
• Created by legislation in 1999
• Mandate:
 Sustain economic growth
 Maintain excellent quality of life
For the Metropolitan Atlanta region by…
 Combating air pollution;
 Traffic congestion; and
 Tackling poorly planned development
Reviews developments with regional impact (e.g. transportation)
Sustainability

15. Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA) – cont’d
Result?
 Regional growth policy map Promote
SUSTAINABLE
 Regional development plan LAND-USE
 Place type & development matrix TRANSPORTATION
DEVELOPMENT
 Regional strategic transportation system
Area development  Economic opportunities and Community
Target areas:
engagement
Housing  Creation of communities
Open green spaces  Quality of life
Planning
Sustainability ahead:
Sustainability Blueprint for
the Future (2011)

16. • Paris Metro is extremely concerned with its green
image.
• By 2002, 5000 RATP managers had received
environmental training
• Stated Environmental Goals of RATP: Improve the
ecological performance of the network Investigate
environmental solutions.
• Delhi Metro has won awards for environmental-
friendly practices from the UN, RINA, and the
International Organization for Standardization
• ISO 14001 certified for environmentally friendly
construction
Environmental Friendliness

18. EQUITY& AFFORDABILITY

19. A MORAL issue?
• Is Mobility a basic human need like water or sanitation?
• Is it an Entitlement expected by people from Governments?
Social Equity

20. Mobility tied to Social Well-being & Productivity
• Public service that should at least cater to the lowest
income group.
• Getting to the job is half the battle.
• Differentiated pricing can be used to meet diverse needs
and affordability levels.
Equity & Affordability

21. Public firms provide services even on lightly
used routes to achieve social objectives and
ensure comprehensive coverage to the
entire city.
Greater Coverage (even
on non-profitable routes)

22. COMMUTER-ORIENTED

23. • All the metro stations are accessible from any corner of the
city.
• There are feeder buses to serve area more than 10km of
metro stations at very cheap fare.
Fare structure for feeder bus as implemented:
• 0-4 KM: 5 Rs. ( 12 cents approx.)
• 4-10 KM: 10 Rs. (25 cents approx.)
• And more than 10 KM: 15 Rs.
Transport minister said
“We want the growth to be along the metro corridors. These areas should be
commercialized so that people have easy access to such places. We also want more
commercial development over the stations and other such areas.''
Seamless Transfer

24. • Delhi metro is considered one of the safest modes of
transport in India. Security is handled by the Central
Industrial Security Force (CISF).
• Over 3500 CISF personnel have been deployed to deal
with law and order issues in the system.
• Closed circuit cameras, metal detectors, X-ray baggage
inspection systems and dog squads which are used to
secure the system.
Guarantee
Safety & Security

25. Many entertainment centers and Shopping malls
remain open till midnight. Public transport is in most
of the cases made available around the clock to
facilitate transport even till midnight.
Round the Clock
Service

26. • ZVV ( Zurich transport authority) operates round the clock
and the public has practicable access to ZVV’s night-time
services.
• Given that the ZVV’s night-time network is required to
cover its costs (which is not the case for its regular
service), passengers pay only five-franc supplement on top
of the normal fare for the route.
Round the Clock
Service

27. Highly Efficient

29. MOSCOW
• Built in the 1930s
• 12 lines
• 180 stations
• 298 km
• World’s 2nd most heavily used subway
system, after Tokyo (~ 7 mil riders daily)
Efficient: service every 90 secs
User-friendly: clean, straightforward
system, no confusing fare zones/peak pricing
Affordable: 28 roubles or S$1.18 per ride with
unlimited transfers
Network expansion continues
Highly Efficient

30. Stockholders: National government (53.4%) &
Tokyo Metropolitan government (46.6%)
Toei Subway Part of Toei Transportation: Public corporation managed by
the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
• Started in 1920s
• 13 lines
• 274 stations
Service: Obsessed with punctuality. • 8.7 mil riders daily
 Delay Certificates are issued online and at the stations.
 Any delay 15 min or more is announced on website (PC and
mobile).
Comfort: Manners! Cell phones off, courtesy seats, women-only cars.
Great service

32. Private Owned&Operated
Public Transport
?

33. • The Thatcher govt embarked on a
1980 programme of deregulation and
privatization of bus services
• Transport Act 1985: all bus services
1986 apart from those in London & Northern
Ireland were deregulated
Thus Public ownership industry declined from
75% to 5%
NOT ALWAYS PROFITABLE

34. What the ridership trend proved…

35. What the fare trend proved…

36. Key trends since reform

37. • As a result of unhealthy competition between MTL and
Merseybus, both operators set up operations in each
others areas. This led to both operators losing money.
• Several companies had difficulties in competing or
upgrading their fleets due to repayments due to be made
on loans made to finance the privatization.
Moreover…

38. Reason for de-regularization and
privatization in UK:
To encourage
competition between
private companies to
increase services
NOT ALWAYS EFFICIENT

40. • Out of all the companies privatized, just two have
managed to remain independent.
• With most of the UK's publicly owned bus operations
getting into the hands of a handful of larger bus
empires, there really isn't that much competition any
more.
• And so a state monopoly where services were run for
the good of the people, was replaced by one run for
the good of the shareholders.
The Result!

41. Privately operated trains connecting
Moscow and St. Petersburg take more
time and is more expensive while
compared to the Government operated
systems.
NOT ALWAYS EFFICIENT AND
COST EFFECTIVE

43. In Kolkata, Government banned use of 15 year
old vehicles which were responsible for
substantial pollution and not at all fit to
deliver good service. But Private cab and bus
operators launched protest against the
Government with the agenda of letting them
use those old and outdated vehicles.
PROFIT-FOCUSED,
BUT NEITHER ENVIRONMENT NOR
CUSTOMER-FRIENDLY

44. PROFIT-FOCUSED,
BUT NEITHER ENVIRONMENT NOR
CUSTOMER-FRIENDLY

45. POOR SAFETY RECORD

46. • VIDEO

47. Urban development & Economic
growth
Environmental sustainability
Equity & Affordability
Commuter-focusedProfitable
WHY PUBLICLY OWNED &
OPERATED TRANSPORT?

48. RECAP: Why the PUBLIC MODEL?
• Positive externalities that accrue to the economy as a
whole:
 Only the Government is willing to invest for non-financial
benefits (development, economic growth, community
building, environmental impact)
• Government entity that is highly efficient and reliable?
Absolutely possible.
 It’s all in the professionalism, pride and dedication to
creating a holistic transportation network.
CONCLUSION