For the Final of the European Student Parliament in Copenhagen in June 2014, I created a preparation kit. My working group of around 10 young students from all over Europe was asked to develop new ideas for future mobility in cities.
In my overview I touched several topics, such as understanding cities, relevance of mobility, current challenges and perspectives for the future.
More information on my blog: hoffmannmartin.eu/youth-science-finals-of-the-european-student-parliaments/
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
Supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, this ebook highlights a dozen of CityLab's favorite stories from the 2014 series on how Americans will travel tomorrow.
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
Supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, this ebook highlights a dozen of CityLab's favorite stories from the 2014 series on how Americans will travel tomorrow.
Urban transportation is undergoing massive change and expansion, especially in the developing world. The rapid growth of cities is driving demand for better urban transportation and many cities are set to invest heavily in infrastructure. Unfortunately, the needs of low-income households are often overlooked in the selection, design, and service decisions related to these investments. According to the World Bank, urban public transportation systems disproportionately disadvantage the urban poor and vulnerable, especially in cities in the developing world.
Meanwhile, innovative business and service models are emerging that are disrupting the established transportation systems in cities by taking advantage of open data, the Internet and mobile telephony. Services such as bike share, ZipCar®, Waze®, Hopstop®, and Uber® are reducing consumption and reconfiguring the relationship between modes, users, and providers of transportation. These new approaches improve urban transportation by making it more efficient, dependable, and sustainable.
As Susan Zielinski of the University of Michigan’s SMART Initiative puts it, “Transportation is at a crossroads. In response to rapid urbanization, shifting demographics, and other pressing social, economic, and environmental factors, cities and regions are shifting investment dollars from single mode infrastructure to multi-mode, multi-service, IT-enabled door-to-door systems… innovations and opportunities (are going) beyond the bounds of the traditional transportation industry.”
Collectively referred to as the emerging New Mobility sector, this innovative industry sector provides a key opportunity to build more inclusive cities and more resilient communities.
Catalyzing the New Mobility in Cities is an exploratory effort focused on identifying innovative business and service models that are beneficial to the urban poor, both as users and providers of urban transportation.The primer briefly summarizes and showcases some of the hallmark innovations that are challenging the status quo in rapidly growing cities in the developing world.
GLOBAL VIEW OF A VIBRANT WORLD 360° THE ISSUE Urbanisation FACE TO FACEAdhitya Arjanggi
AN URBAN PLANET:The sustainable city challenge
CITY LIVING: Creating vibrant sustainable cities SECURING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOME FOR ALL FOREVER:Water resource management on an urban planet
TRANSFORMING TRANSPORT: The 21st century urban challenge
URBAN ENERGIES RESOURCES DEMAND AND COMMUNITY IMPACTS A 360° face to face interview BUILDING A LEGACY Creating an agile global culture of inventiveness, safety and sustainability
NEW SKILLS MAKE THE SUSTAINABLE DIFFERENCE INSPIRATIONAL ENGINEERING CAPTURING THE VISION
Connected and Sustainable Mobility WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Urban mobility problems are rapidly turning into an urban mobility crisis.
ICT offers enormous capabilities, but most are vastly underutilized in urban transportation.
Public- and private-sector organizations must partner in adopting a vision for the sustainable city of the future where transportation continues to play a key role in enabling mobility—yet is dramatically transformed by innovative ICT.
Paper makes an attempt to showcase role and importance of making roads in making urban areas safer, productive, effective, efficient better places to live and work by avoiding colossal loss of life and property due to large accidents taking place on such roads. It also brings out context, issues and options which can help in making urban roads safer. Global experiences have also been included to showcase the best practices.
Todd Litman of the Victoria Transportation Institute reports on the history of desirability of living locations, and how our automobile dependent society has fueled sprawl development. Mr. Litman also outlines the benefits of Smart Growth development and how growing trends, "changing attitudes about urban living," "increasing health and environmental concerns" and "shifting assumptions about suburban real estate values" are making headway in support of transportation and planning reforms that can transform our regions and communities into healthier, more functional, and beautiful places.
Esta presentación de WUF7 es sobre necesidad de crear más acceso a de transporte digno y mejores condiciones de vida para personas a población.Muestra la situación actual en muchos aspectos difíciles de manejar, que se pueden solucionar con pequeños esfuerzos.
This WUF7 presentation is about the necessity to create a better access to a better transport and life conditions for the poor. Showing the acual situation for difficult in some aspects which are difficult to manage.
Lugar: Medellín
Evento: Wuf7
Fecha: Abril de 2014
10 small things which can make you happy everydayJennifer Lynn
Happiness is something which is slowly becoming difficult to attain, largely because of increased stress at the workplace. Depression and many other mental illnesses emanate from lack of happiness. This presentation highlights some no nonsense ways to attain happiness naturally. Try to follow the tips given here and your happiness index is likely to go up.
http://www.therapytribe.com/therapy/what_is_codependency.html
Urban transportation is undergoing massive change and expansion, especially in the developing world. The rapid growth of cities is driving demand for better urban transportation and many cities are set to invest heavily in infrastructure. Unfortunately, the needs of low-income households are often overlooked in the selection, design, and service decisions related to these investments. According to the World Bank, urban public transportation systems disproportionately disadvantage the urban poor and vulnerable, especially in cities in the developing world.
Meanwhile, innovative business and service models are emerging that are disrupting the established transportation systems in cities by taking advantage of open data, the Internet and mobile telephony. Services such as bike share, ZipCar®, Waze®, Hopstop®, and Uber® are reducing consumption and reconfiguring the relationship between modes, users, and providers of transportation. These new approaches improve urban transportation by making it more efficient, dependable, and sustainable.
As Susan Zielinski of the University of Michigan’s SMART Initiative puts it, “Transportation is at a crossroads. In response to rapid urbanization, shifting demographics, and other pressing social, economic, and environmental factors, cities and regions are shifting investment dollars from single mode infrastructure to multi-mode, multi-service, IT-enabled door-to-door systems… innovations and opportunities (are going) beyond the bounds of the traditional transportation industry.”
Collectively referred to as the emerging New Mobility sector, this innovative industry sector provides a key opportunity to build more inclusive cities and more resilient communities.
Catalyzing the New Mobility in Cities is an exploratory effort focused on identifying innovative business and service models that are beneficial to the urban poor, both as users and providers of urban transportation.The primer briefly summarizes and showcases some of the hallmark innovations that are challenging the status quo in rapidly growing cities in the developing world.
GLOBAL VIEW OF A VIBRANT WORLD 360° THE ISSUE Urbanisation FACE TO FACEAdhitya Arjanggi
AN URBAN PLANET:The sustainable city challenge
CITY LIVING: Creating vibrant sustainable cities SECURING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOME FOR ALL FOREVER:Water resource management on an urban planet
TRANSFORMING TRANSPORT: The 21st century urban challenge
URBAN ENERGIES RESOURCES DEMAND AND COMMUNITY IMPACTS A 360° face to face interview BUILDING A LEGACY Creating an agile global culture of inventiveness, safety and sustainability
NEW SKILLS MAKE THE SUSTAINABLE DIFFERENCE INSPIRATIONAL ENGINEERING CAPTURING THE VISION
Connected and Sustainable Mobility WhitepaperShane Mitchell
Urban mobility problems are rapidly turning into an urban mobility crisis.
ICT offers enormous capabilities, but most are vastly underutilized in urban transportation.
Public- and private-sector organizations must partner in adopting a vision for the sustainable city of the future where transportation continues to play a key role in enabling mobility—yet is dramatically transformed by innovative ICT.
Paper makes an attempt to showcase role and importance of making roads in making urban areas safer, productive, effective, efficient better places to live and work by avoiding colossal loss of life and property due to large accidents taking place on such roads. It also brings out context, issues and options which can help in making urban roads safer. Global experiences have also been included to showcase the best practices.
Todd Litman of the Victoria Transportation Institute reports on the history of desirability of living locations, and how our automobile dependent society has fueled sprawl development. Mr. Litman also outlines the benefits of Smart Growth development and how growing trends, "changing attitudes about urban living," "increasing health and environmental concerns" and "shifting assumptions about suburban real estate values" are making headway in support of transportation and planning reforms that can transform our regions and communities into healthier, more functional, and beautiful places.
Esta presentación de WUF7 es sobre necesidad de crear más acceso a de transporte digno y mejores condiciones de vida para personas a población.Muestra la situación actual en muchos aspectos difíciles de manejar, que se pueden solucionar con pequeños esfuerzos.
This WUF7 presentation is about the necessity to create a better access to a better transport and life conditions for the poor. Showing the acual situation for difficult in some aspects which are difficult to manage.
Lugar: Medellín
Evento: Wuf7
Fecha: Abril de 2014
10 small things which can make you happy everydayJennifer Lynn
Happiness is something which is slowly becoming difficult to attain, largely because of increased stress at the workplace. Depression and many other mental illnesses emanate from lack of happiness. This presentation highlights some no nonsense ways to attain happiness naturally. Try to follow the tips given here and your happiness index is likely to go up.
http://www.therapytribe.com/therapy/what_is_codependency.html
Dreaming of the Road: A Trip-Planning Guide from American Family InsuranceJessica Hartman
Road trips are a quintessential part of the American Dream.
They’re all about freedom – the freedom to travel where you want, when you want, on your own terms and with the people you care about.
That’s why we’re supporting your pursuit of happiness on the open road with this free road trip travel guide.
In it, you’ll find tips and resources to fulfill your road trip dreams in a fun, safe and money-saving manner. So what are you waiting for? Your road trip dream is out there. Go get it. We’ll protect it.
Traffic Jam Is Freezing Strong Economy and Healthy Environment: A Case Study ...iosrjce
Located on the banks of the Buriganga River, Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh . Along with its
metropolitan Dhaka has a population of over 12 million. Day by day Dhaka is badly affected by huge traffic
jam. Due to traffic jam a substantial portion of working hours have to be left on streets which create adverse
impact on economy. Traffic jam has also many other negative impacts on economy, environment and human life.
For this purpose this paper has given its attention on the impacts of traffic jam in Dhaka city.
These are the slides used by George to guide the discussion on autonomous vehicles.
The slides are also available at: https://www.adaptive-ip.eu/files/adaptive/content/downloads/moods/Deliverables%20&%20papers/1AriaEtemad.pdf
This is the link to the meetup: https://www.meetup.com/Brussels-Legal-Hackers/events/235890664/
The evidence-based analysis of standing and sitting postures.
In the last year or so, media has been flooded with articles about ill effects of prolonged sitting and the need for standing up when working. There have also been research reports calling sitting as “new smoking” and linking it with everything from risk of cancer, heart disease and “dying 2 years sooner”. How much of this is true? And how much is the hype created by furniture companies and social media? Must everyone have an expensive stand-sit desk? Are there any jobs which are better done sitting down than standing or vice versa? Are there any downsides to standing, too? This talk examines the topic of standing vs sitting at work holistically and objectively. Leveraging on human anatomy, biomechanics and years of empirical research in the field of workspace ergonomics, you will understand the finer nuances of sitting vs standing postures and it’s long term effects on health and productivity. From a practical stand-point, you will also be able to know the various strategies an organization may implement to enable its employees to adopt the right postures and the return-on-investment for the different options.
We are very pleased to share the full report from our Future of Cities project – now available as PDF on SlideShare and as digital print via Amazon.
As previously shared in PPT format (https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/future-of-cities-2017-summary), this is the detailed synthesis of insights gained from multiple discussions around the world. It brings together views on how cities are changing from a wide range of experts from 12 workshops undertaken over the past 2 years in Beirut, Christchurch, Delhi, Dubai, Guayaquil, Mumbai, Singapore, London, Toronto and Vienna.
Cities are where most of us choose to live, work and interact with others. As a result they are where innovation happens, where most ideas form and from which economic growth largely stems. They are also where significant problems can first emerge and where challenges are magnified.
This report explores some of the common challenges found in urban areas such as managing migration, countering inequality and sustainable scaling; highlights shared ambitions of having healthier, accessible and more intelligent cities; and also details some of the emerging concerns around creating cities that are safe, resilient and open to broader collaboration.
As a compilation of thoughts and ideas from a host of experts we would foremost like to thank all of the many workshop participants for their input. Without your views we would not be able to curate this synthesis. In addition we would also like to thank others who have added in extra content, shared reports and reviewed the core document. We hope that this reflects all your varied perspectives.
Going forward, we also hope that this will be of use to those leading cities, designing new districts, developing policy and exploring opportunities for urban innovation. We know that several cities are already using the insights as stimulus for challenging strategy and stimulating innovation. In addition, linking into to another Growth Agenda driven project looking at the Worlds Most Innovative Cities (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/innovation-hot-spots-countries-vs-cities-tim-jones), this is also being used as part of events designed to help future leaders identify how and where they can make most impact.
As with all Future Agenda open foresight projects the output is shared under Creative Commons (Non Commercial) and so we trust that you may find it useful. This PDF on slideshare can be freely downloaded and shared. If you want to print out the report, the easiest way is to order a digital hardcopy via Amazon (for which they unfortunately charge a fee) but this is a quick and high quality print.
Many cities are attempting to reduce congestion through innovative transport policies and projects. This report explores the challenges city leaders face in choosing the right combination of solutions to address their short- and long-term urban mobility challenges. It aims to provide direction on how city leaders can navigate through these challenges and how they can work together with community groups and the private sector to transform their cities for the future.
The integrated approach to urban development in EU URBACT
Presentation delivered by Corinne Hermant-de Callataÿ -
Competence centre for urban and territorial development, Directorate-General "Regional and urban policy"
European Commission.
URBACT Pilot training scheme - Brussels 9/4/2013
1. Letter to all state governments to shortlist potential Smart Cities based on Stage-I criteria according to a number of Smart Cities distributed across states /UTs by the MoUD. This is the first stage of the Intra-State competition.
2. On the basis of response from States/UTs, the list of potential 100 Smart Cities is announced. The second stage of the All India competition begins.
3. Each potential Smart City prepares its proposal assisted by a consultant (from a panel prepared by MoUD) and a hand-holding External Agency (various offers received such as World Bank, ADB, GEF, USTDA, JICA, DFID, AFD, KfW, UN-Habitat)
4. By stipulated date, Stage 2 proposals submitted. Evaluation by a panel of experts.
5. Selected cities declared – Round 1 Smart Cities
6. Selected cities set up SPV and start the implementation of their SCP. Preparation of DPRs, tenders, etc. and Other cities prepare to improve their proposal for the next round of the Challenge
Elmlund, P. - The importance of data innovation for analysis on citiesOECDregions
The importance of data innovation for analysis on cities - Peter Elmlund, Ax:son Jonson FoundatioWorkshop on Modernising Statistical Systems, OECD 2018.
Across the UK we are seeing more and more examples of smart city transformation. Key 'smart' sectors utilised by such Cities include transport, energy, health care, water and waste. Against the current background of economic, social, security and technological changes caused by the globalization and the integration process, cities in the UK face the challenge of combining competitiveness and sustainable urban development simultaneously.
A smart city is a place where the traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies, for the benefit of its inhabitants and businesses.
With this vision in mind, the European Union is investing in ICT research and innovation and developing policies to improve the quality of life of citizens and make cities more sustainable in view of Europe's 20-20-20 targets.
The smart city concept goes beyond the use of ICT for better resource use and less emissions. It means smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supply and waste disposal facilities, and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings.
And it also encompasses a more interactive and responsive city administration, safer and secure public spaces.
Smart Cities UK lead the way on addressing the best practice examples on smart transformation from across Cities within the United Kingdom whilst disseminating guidance and information transformation within waste, energy, transport and other key smart sectors.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
1. 1
• Final European Student Parliament
• Copenhagen
Moderator: Martin Hoffmann
Future Mobility – New
approaches in the city
2. Mobility has many facets. How do we
want to move along in the future? Is the
e-car really the solution or is the
concept „car“ already out of date?
Which ways of locomotion and hence
which transport routes will have priority
in future urban planning? Is the mobile
workplace really a concept for
tomorrow?
2
The topic
3. Prof Malene Freudendahl-Pedersen, Denmark
Our Future Mobility expert is Prof Dr Malene Freudendal-
Pedersen (Roskilde University, Department of Environmental,
Social and Spatial Change). She focuses her research on
mobilities in late modern everyday life. With a point of
departure in transport research she examines why and how we
choose specific modes of transport in everyday life and the
meaning and significance this has for lived life. Mobility
behavior cannot be understood though, from a narrow
understanding of everyday life when it is produced and
reproduced on multiple societal scales. Thus important to her
research is also looking at sustainable mobility as a possible
future utopia.
3
The expert
4. Contents
1. Understanding cities
2. Relevance of mobility
3. Current challenges
a. Growth
b. Urbanisation
c. De-Urbanisation
d. Gridlocks
e. Climate Change
4. Concepts for Future Mobility
5. Tools of Mobility
6. Side issues with relevance
7. Aim of Future Mobility
8. Food for thoughts
9. Further Research
10. References and Picture Credits
4
The content of this preparation
material was prepared by Martin
Hoffmann.
6. Understanding cities
• Cities are man-made; and thus an expression of culture.
• The way they are shaped both represents and influences the
overall process of social organization and social change.
• We are now living in a network society, characterised by
simultaneous spatial concentration and decentralization.
• Our cities are made up, at the same time, of flows and places,
and of their relationships – cities as communication systems.
6
7. Understanding cities
• Societies are produced, and spaces are built, by conscious
human action; there is no structural determinism.
• As an example, participation of women in the labour market
or organisation of child care influences time and space of
citizens and thus their mobility needs.
• Digitalisation and globalisation are no reason for
interconnection, they are merely an expression of desires and
needs.
• Thus, those places with connecting best with global economy
will receive higher interest in investment and management.
7
9. Relevance of mobility
• Transport happens for a purpose, not just for the "fun" of it.
• City workers are responsible for creating a disproportionate
amount of global GDP. By 2025, their contribution is expected
to total 86 %.
• Earlier research found a strong linear relationship between
global transport levels and real Gross World Product (GWP)
over the years 1950 till 2000.
9
11. Current challenges – Growth
• Today, 64 % of all travel kilometres made, are urban and the
amount of travel within urban areas is expected to triple by
2050.
• By 2050, the average time an urban dweller spends in traffic
jams will be 106 hours per year, three times more than today.
• The population of the world is set to grow from 7 billion today
to 9.2 billion by 2050.
• The proportion of the global population living in cities is
expected to rise from 51 % in 2010 to 70 % by 2050.
• Demands for energy and raw material will rise accordingly.
11
13. Current challenges – Urbanisation
• The density of city centres are rising as more people are
moving there.
• Their traditional fragmentation into areas for living, working
and production are dissolving, creating "multi-use areas".
• Mainly, it is the population in less-developed countries, which
is changing.
• Mega-trend of urbanising which is based on and demands
mobility.
• Potential to put in the infrastructure early for people to
develop their mobility patterns.
• Currently, a third of the global city population is living in
precarious living conditions, such as slums.
13
14. Current challenges – De-Urbanisation
• With urbanisation comes de-urbanisation, as some city areas
are favoured over other city or rural areas.
• For example in Germany, shrinking cities, a phenomenon
thought to be confined to the states that made up former East
Germany, is increasingly plaguing former Western states.
• With shrinking population and urbanisation, we have to
reduce infrastructure, not only but in particular in mobility.
• There is an observable split between attractive and less
attractive living spaces creating a possibly irreversible
fragmentation.
14
15. Current challenges – Gridlocks
• Urban mobility systems will come under growing strain, with
congestion increasing and travel speeds declining.
• Unless the modality split can be shifted in favour of public
transport and walking/cycling accidents and fatalities will
increase.
15
16. Current challenges – Climate Change
• In 2010, the transport sector was responsible for 22 % of the global
CO2 emissions worldwide.
• Global transport related CO2 emissions are expected to increase by
57 % in the 2005-2030 timeframe, representing the fastest growing
source of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.
• Future energy supply can not be based on a single energy source.
• Climate change is unlikely to occur in a predictable, linear fashion.
• The recognition of climate change has not been serious yet.
• Other sectors of energy supplies will be deprived and cause air and
noise pollution.
16
17. Current challenges - Climate Change
• The rapid decrease in availablity of fossil fuels, as well as the
focus on sustainablity and environmental protection are
catalysts for innovation across many industries.
• Example: Modern Ford cars are actually not more fuel
efficient than the T-model Ford.
• Improvements to vehicle efficiency are not enough if very
large emission reductions are needed.
• Without careful planning, mobility systems will remain major
generators of greenhouse gases and thus significant
contributors to climate change.
• Continuation of high-mobility lifestyles in the OECD, and even
their spread to the rest of the world, is a possible future, but
not very likely.
17
20. Perspectives for future mobility
• Sustainability will become an increasing key factor in the way
urban mobility systems of the future are designed.
• This means: environmentally friendly mass transit must win
out over individual motorised transport.
• However, its services must remain affordable for all citizens.
• Clear correlation between the use of innovative mobility
concepts on one hand and mobility effectiveness and
efficiency on the other hand.
20
21. Shift in car-ownership
• Diametral trends can be observed:
• Today, we have around 1 billion cars on the streets, and in 20 years
it will most likely be 2 billion.
• Yet, particularly former multi-car households are reducing their
ownership (e.g. London from 21 % in 2001 to 17 % in 2007).
• People no longer automatically associate mobility with owning a
car.
• The role of car is beyond mobility: status, aspiration, comfort,
convenience. However, the car is losing its relevance as a status
symbol.
• The different modes of transportation (including the possibility to
rent different cars for different occasions) reflects cultural
development: especially young people increasingly re-create their
identity and ownership according to social movements.
21
22. Connecting flows,
not increasing movement
• Instead of mono-locomotion, people are mixing modes of
transport what they need when they need it
→ “smart mobility”
• The accessibility and combination of different modes of
transportation is supported by mobile computing, which
makes transition between different transport seamless.
• Mobility – the free flow of information, people and goods –
enables modern society.
• Mobility of the future has to be understood as an
interconnected issue, that no industry or stakeholder can be
isolated from.
22
23. Networking
• With cities becoming smarter, energy and mobility have to
follow.
• We need a thinking shift from moving vehicles to moving
people and goods.
• The social and functional diversity of the metropolitan region
requires a multi-modal approach to transportation.
• This means: mixing private automobile/highway system with
public metropolitan transportation (railways, subways, buses,
taxis) and local transportation (bicycles, pedestrian paths,
specialized shuttle services).
23
25. Arthur D. Little created a mobility index with cities all over the world.
25
26. Mobility index – Modes of transport
• Successful cities, such as Hong Kong, have a well-balanced
split between different forms of transport that move people
away from individual motorised transport.
• Cities that promote walking, cycling, bike sharing, car sharing
and smart mobility cards as part of an integrated mobility
vision and strategy do reduce travel times, fatal accidents and
carbon emissions.
• City size does not have a significant influence on the mobility
score.
• However, the two other city characteristics indicated, namely
city prosperity and the prevalence of public transport
(‘modality split’), do have a significant influence on the
mobility score
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27. Mobility index – New models of mobility
• There are 39 key technologies and 36 potential urban mobility business
models. However, these solutions are not being applied comprehensively.
• The management of urban mobility operates globally in an environment
that is hostile to innovation as regards investment and long implementation
• Rethink the system: Cities in mature countries with a high proportion of
motorised individual transport need to fundamentally redesign their
mobility systems.
• Then, they can become more consumer and sustainability orientated.
• Knowing the nature and needs of your mobile population is a key first step
to putting in place a networked solution which will suit all parties.
• What is needed is an informed openness to what is available and the
flexibility and imagination to innovate as required.
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28. New models of mobility
• Besides the attitude of the customers, mobility is an
interdisciplinary field that can never be seen from only one
perspective; transport, infrastructure, traffic management,
information.
• Important trends of our time, including the information
revolution, urbanisation and globalisation reflect changing
patterns of mobility.
• Developing countries and their cities can work as test bed for
new, sustainable and intelligent mobility solutions.
• Even if a perfect solution can be found for a metropolis,
implementation can not be done at once.
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29. New models of mobility
Arthur D. Little also mapped various urban mobility technologies, looking
where we stand
29
31. Social Aspects
• The dominant factors affecting future mobility solutions are
technological trends.
• Development of high quality office-to-office-communication is
going to change the way business is conducted.
• Digitalization of the working environment eventually
culminating in a reduction of business-related travel.
• Distance sales facilitated by a ubiquitous internet, promising
to serve aging populations, but they can also lead to a
decreasing need of shopping-trips.
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32. Social Aspects
• The question of how an entire generation used to being mobile will
actually stay mobile with increasing age will become more pressing.
• Increasing individualization of work, social relationships, and
residential habits.
• Gradually shifts sociability from family units to networks of
individualized units (most often, women and their children, but also
individualized co-habiting partnerships), with considerable
consequences in the uses and forms of housing, neighborhoods,
public space, and transportation systems.
• We need to shift our focus from the provision of ever-expanding
vehicular mobility, to the human needs that it is (presumably)
meant to satisfy
32
33. Aim of future mobility
So, where do we go from here?
33
34. Aim of future mobility
• A new system based on a socially and ecologically sustainable world-view
would see a reversion back to non-motorised (or active) transport and
public transport.
• The new system would entail some replacement of vehicular transport
energy by human effort-a partial reversal of the trend established by the
Industrial Revolution.
• Some present benefits of private travel would be lost, such as privacy and
the psychological benefits of driving, but the change would bring its own
benefits.
• The mobility of the future relies on proactive control: all infrastructures
can be connected and data will tell us about the position of objects and
their relations.
• These smart cities have to be designed along the individual needs of cities
and their inhabitants.
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35. Aim of future mobility
• thisbigcity proposes six simple objectives:
1. Go beyond the car
2. ‘Refuel’ our vehicles
3. Integrate, integrate, integrate
4. Make the poor the priority
5. Switch on to IT networks
6. Change people’s behaviour
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36. Food for thoughts
• From what perspective will we look at this: euro-centric vs.
international, global vs. local, urban vs. rural?
• How do we want future societies to look like?
• What happens to those places with less connection to the
global economy? Will we see a higher social segregation?
• What other ways of access to work, education, services, etc.
can we provide?
• How can we reduce the need for mobility?
36
37. Food for thoughts
• How can we combine the long-lasting fight to reduce climate
change with necessary immediate solutions?
• With mobility being the connecting element, how do we ensure the
inclusion of less attractive regions? Is moving away the only
possibility?
• With emerging societies subsequently doing the same development
mistakes Western societies did (repeating patterns), is it maybe
time to tackle the ever present paradigm of growth?
• If mobility is an expression of communication and interaction, is it
necessary to change people’s behaviour to change mobility? Is that
even possible?
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38. Further research
• Bill Ford: A future beyond traffic gridlock
• Deutschlandfunk: Belohnung für Stauvermeider (example from
Utrecht, NL where people receive reward for leaving their car at
home)
• Ulrich protestiert - Leben ohne Auto (German report about why we
rely on cars and how a life without would look like)
• Mobile Lives Forum: Preparing the mobility transition
• LSE Cities Urban Age
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39. Sources
1. BBC News Viewpoint: The future of mobility (by Michel Taride, President Hertz International)
2. The Guardian: Future vehicles need to be better connected and available to everyone (sponsored
post)
3. The Guardian: Sustainable mobility calls for clear framework
4. The Guardian: Sylvain Haon on the future of mobility – video
5. The Guardian: Susan Claris on her vision of future transport planning
6. thisbigcity: 2025 – the Future of Mobility and our Cities
7. The Guardian - Germany's shrinking cities: a view from Salzgitter
8. Allianz Risk Pulse: The future of individual mobility (annotated version)
9. Artur D. Little: future lab - The Future of Urban Mobility (annotated version)
10. Castells, Manuel. "Space of flows, space of places: Materials for a theory of urbanism in the
information age." Comparative planning cultures (2005): 45-63.; Wikipedia: Space of flows
11. Moriarty, Patrick, and Damon Honnery. "Low-mobility: The future of transport." Futures 40.10
(2008): 865-872.
12. Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften Acatech. Smart Cities: Deutsche Hochtechnologie
FR Die Stadt Der Zukunft-Aufgaben Und Chancen. Springer, 2011.
13. Climate Focus: Bikes to reduce emission, May 2013
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