An oil field is an area containing hydrocarbon reservoirs located below the earth's surface that can extend for multiple miles. Field development planning evaluates multiple development options for a field to select the best approach based on factors like recovery rates, costs, risks and net present value. Key components of oil and gas infrastructure include wells, flowlines to connect wells to manifolds, gathering lines to transport from manifolds, and flow stations to separate hydrocarbons before pipelines transport to terminals for storage.

1. OIL FIELD
Oil field is an area of land from where crude oil
and natural gas is produced. It can extend to
multiple miles as hydrocarbon reservoirs
generally spread over a large area below the
earth’s surface.

2. FIELD DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Field development planning is the process of
evaluating multiple development options for a
field and selecting the best option base on
assessing trade off among multiple factors.

3. MULTIPLE FACTORS
• Oil and Gas recovery.
• Operational flexibility and scalability.
• Capital versus operating cost profiles.
• Technical , Operating and financial risk.
• Net Present Value, typical the key driver of
decisions for publicity.
• EIA

5. THE WELL
• AN OIL WELL: an oil well is a boring in the
earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil
hydrocarbon to the surface. Usually some
natural gas is released as associated
petroleum gas along with the oil. A well that is
designed to produce only gas may be termed
a gas well.

6. FLOWLINE
• In the oil and gas industry, flowlines are pipe
lines that connect a single wellhead to a
manifold or process equipment. In a larger
well field, multiple flowlines may connect
individual wells to a manifold.
• Flowlines are located at the well site tied to a
specific well.

7. GATHERING LINE
• A gathering line may transfer the flow from
the manifold to a pre-process stage or to a
transportation facility or vessel.
• Gathering lines are similar to flowlines but
collect the flow from multiple flowlines.

8. FLOW STATION
• A flowstation is usually the first stop for
hydrocarbon fluids coming from crude oil and
gas wells. Its purpose to separate the
hydrocarbon into liquid and vapour phases
reduces turbulence and pass on the liquid to
the next facilities.

9. • That is where water, gas and other impurities
are separated from the crude oil before it is
moved over distances through pipelines,
pumping stations or into export terminals.

11. DISCHARGE LINE
• DISCHARGE LINE: is a section of piping where
the pressure is higher than atmospheric
pressure (e.g. pump system).

12. OIL TERMINAL
• A terminal is an industrial facility used to store
oil and/or petrochemical products. Terminals
are made up of underground storage tanks,
aboveground storage tanks, or both, and
pipelines, which are used to receive product,
as well as transport product to the end user or
further storage facilities.

13. OIL PIPELINE
• Pipelines are a long established, safe and
efficient mode of transport for petroleum and
petroleum products. They are used both for
short-distance (e.g. within a refinery or depot,
or between neighboring installations) and
over long distances. There are two types of oil
pipeline: crude oil pipeline and product
pipeline.

14. • While the former carries crude oil to
refineries, the latter transports refined
products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel,
and heating oil from refineries to the market.

15. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
ASSESSMENT(EIAs)
• The Objective of an EIA is to document the
potential physical, biological , social and
health effect of a planning activity.
• Typically the EIA’s will be carried out for:
1. Seismic
2. Exploration and appraisal drilling
3. Development drilling and facilities
installation etc.

16. FDP INTEGRATED TEAM
• An integrated , multidisciplinary team
approach is required for a proper FDP
definition. The team should include the
following professionals.

17. FDP TEAM
• Geologist : responsible for geological and
petro physical works.
• Reservoirs Engineers : responsible for
providing production forecast and economical
evaluation.
• Drilling Engineers : responsible for drilling
offshore/onshore drilling systems selection
and drilling operations.

18. • Completion engineers: responsible
completion design and operation.
• Surface engineers: responsible for
designing/selection surface and processing
facilities.
• Other professionals, if needed , such as
pipeline engineers, land managers etc.

19. THE LIFE CYCLE OF A PETROLEUM
RESERVOIR
• Exploration survey to find a new reservoir in a
known field or to extend the limit of a known
oil and gas reservoir.
• Appraisal to establish the limits of the
reservoir, the productivity of wells in it and
the properties of the oil and gas.

20. • Field development plan (FDP): if appraisal
well show the reservoir to be technically and
commercially viable, the oil company will
produce a develop plan which will be
submitted to the relevant authorities.
• Drilling and completion (field development )
• Construction production
• De-commissioning.