FGAW
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The document discusses the evolution of warfare through four generations and introduces the concept of Fourth Generation Asymmetrical Warfare (FGAW). FGAW is characterized by low intensity conflicts conducted by non-state actors like terrorist organizations. It is described as highly irregular, decentralized, and employing unconventional asymmetrical operations to bypass superior military powers. Modern technologies profoundly impact FGAW by facilitating networked terrorist cells and challenging distinction between military and civilian targets. Countering FGAW poses difficulties for post-modern armies due to few vulnerable targets. The al Qaeda network is presented as an example resembling the FGAW model.
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Tempo. Most people are familiar with it in the musical sense. It’s the speed, cadence, rhythm that the music is played. It drives the music forward - and pulls it back. But there’s more to tempo than a musical beat. In war, like in business, tempo - the speed at which you can transition from one task to the next - is a critical component for victory.
No single person nor department owns tempo. Somebody can’t just shout, “I now control the tempo,” and take charge. If you operate at a faster tempo than your cycle time allows, then you’ll get thrashing. The rate of tempo emerges organically as companies move around that action loop of sensing, deciding and acting.
Tempo emerges from the convergence of architecture, infrastructure, organization, and mindset. All these things have to align to achieve tempo. None of them can be changed in isolation.
In this talk, we will look at different models for transforming an organization to high tempo and high performance. We'll see how that can get derailed and what to do about it.
Strategy Quotes
A set of quotes about strategy I using during strategic planning sessions. Run it as a slideshow in Powerpoint or using Powerpoint Viewer. (Thanks to www.wordle.net for the front slide graphic.)
...Geoff
(www.performancepeople.com.au)
Shaping and Adapting - Unlocking the Power of Colonel John Boyd's OODA Loop
This paper analyzes Colonel John Boyd's Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) loop framework for decision-making. It argues that the OODA loop is commonly misunderstood and oversimplified as a linear process, rather than the complex and iterative process intended by Boyd. The paper aims to provide a clearer understanding of the full OODA loop to improve decision-making, adaptability, and innovation within the Marine Corps. Properly understanding and applying the OODA loop could enable Marines to better operate in increasingly complex and uncertain environments.
Grounded theory
This document provides an overview of grounded theory designs in qualitative analysis. It defines grounded theory as a systematic qualitative method for generating theory from data. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and involves collecting and analyzing data to build theories through identifying patterns and relationships. The document discusses the key aspects of grounded theory including when to use it, types of designs, conducting research using the approach, and evaluating grounded theory studies. It provides examples and references key sources on grounded theory.
Carbohydrate Chemistry
https://youtu.be/XTJ87QYY4uw
click on above link for video of above ppt
Chemistry of Carbohydrates for medical, para medical, Science students.
Data Visualization Meets Visual Storytelling
I explore my journey of discovering Visual Storytelling and Data visualization. I look at how social media has provided building blocks to create new and exciting experience.
An introduction to Semantic Web and Linked Data
Here are the steps to answer this SPARQL query against the given RDF base:
1. The query asks for all ?name values where there is a triple with predicate "name" and another triple with the same subject and predicate "email".
2. In the base, _:b is the only resource that has both a "name" and "email" triple.
3. _:b has the name "Thomas".
Therefore, the only result of the query is ?name = "Thomas".
So the result of the SPARQL query is:
?name
"Thomas"
Visual Design with Data
An immersive workshop at General Assembly, SF. I typically teach this workshop at General Assembly, San Francisco. To see a list of my upcoming classes, visit https://generalassemb.ly/instructors/seth-familian/4813
I also teach this workshop as a private lunch-and-learn or half-day immersive session for corporate clients. To learn more about pricing and availability, please contact me at http://familian1.com
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An Update on the Royal Australian Air Force's Plan Jericho: March 2016
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DOES SFO 2016 - Michael Nygard - Tempo, Maneuverability, Initiative
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Shaping and Adapting - Unlocking the Power of Colonel John Boyd's OODA Loop
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War
This document discusses key questions about war and security, including the causes and justifications of war. It examines the security dilemma concept that states' efforts to increase their own security can paradoxically make others feel less secure and more likely to prepare for conflict. The document also explores different levels of analysis for explaining war, including characteristics of individual leaders, domestic politics and societal factors, and the structure of the international system. It outlines historical trends in warfare and different types of wars. Approaches for managing international security from both liberal and realist perspectives are also summarized.
Terrorism What’s Coming The Mutating Threat .docx
Terrorism: What’s Coming
The Mutating Threat
Introduction by Brian Michael Jenkins
Edited by James O Ellis III
1
© 2007 by the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT),
621 N. Robinson, 4
th
Floor, Oklahoma City, OK 73102
(405) 278-6300
www.mipt.org
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means–electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise–without permission in writing from
MIPT, 621 N. Robinson, 4
th
Floor, Oklahoma City, OK 73102.
This book was typeset in Times New Roman.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) is a non-profit, nationally
recognized think tank creating state-of-the-art knowledge bases and sharing information
on terrorism. For more on MIPT, please visit www.mipt.org.
Points of view in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
official position of MIPT or the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Supported under
Award Number 2006-MU-T6-K001.
2
Table of Contents
Introduction
Brian Michael Jenkins 3
The Future of Terrorism 18
The Organization of Terrorism
Martha Crenshaw 19
Terrorism & Energy Security:
Targeting Oil & Other Energy Sources and Infrastructures
Alex P. Schmid 28
Observations on the Future of Terrorism
Leonard Weinberg 37
The Future of Counterterrorism 47
Cooperation is not Sufficient:
A New International Regime is Needed to Counter Global Jihadi Terrorism
Boaz Ganor 48
Lessons from the Counterinsurgency Era
Gustavo Gorriti 54
Strategic Counterterrorism:
The Way Forward
Rohan Gunaratna 63
About the Contributors 74
Endnotes 76
3
Introduction
Brian Michael Jenkins
Suppose that at the beginning of the 1970s, when I first began to write about
terrorism, I had been summoned to Washington by the then newly created Cabinet
Committee to Combat Terrorism to brief its members on the future trajectory of this new
mode of conflict. And suppose that, blessed with remarkable prescience or cursed with
Cassandra’s ability to make predictions no one would heed, I had forecast that in the
years to follow, terrorists would seize thousands of hostages across the world, in
airplanes, embassies, parliaments, schools, and theaters; that terrorists with truck bombs
would blow up embassies, financial centers, office and apartment buildings, hotels, and
restaurants; that terrorists would sabotage commercial airliners and plot to bring down 11
passenger jets at one time; that in coordinated bombings they would kill hundreds and
wound thousands of commuters on trains in Paris, Moscow, M ...
Cyber Mercenaries: When States Exploit the Hacker Community
The study applies the concept of new wars, developed by Mary Kaldor (2012), to conflicts in cyberspace, giving special attention to the blurring effects of what is done for economic or political interests, what is done for non-state actors and nation states.
Motivated by recent events of cyber attacks that generated considerable controversy such as the 2007 cyber attacks against Estonia, the 2016 American Presidential elections and the ongoing cyberwar imposed upon Ukraine, the finds of this paper demonstrates that in the new digital social environment, population control can be exercised through coercion instead of violence. Besides, the nature of Internet incentives states to empower and finance proxy actors to act on their behalf.
The presentation discuss to what extent is the current body of international laws and norms is adequate to answer this new strategic environment and how individuals and companies of the hacker community can be impacted if used as cyber mercenaries.
Lecture 19 changeconflictcrisis 3 war on terror
1) The document discusses the crisis of terrorism in the context of the "war on terror" following major attacks such as 9/11, Bali, Madrid, and London.
2) It examines the origins and root causes of crises, arguing that terrorism stems from more complex factors than "sub-humans", such as the end of the Cold War power balance and crises in borderlands and failed states.
3) The document also analyzes different approaches to managing crises, such as the Bush Doctrine, as well as differing perceptions of the crises, questioning who should truly be considered "terrorists".
Air Power, Ethics and Civilian Immunity during the Great War and its Aftermat...
Air Power, Ethics and Civilian Immunity during the Great War and its Aftermat...Professor Joel Hayward
Little has been published on the ethical and legal basis of air attacks on non-combatants during the First World War. Existing works have focused mainly on the injustice of the German Zeppelin and Gotha raids on British towns. They present British air campaigns on German towns and the formation of the Royal Air Force as a reasoned self-defensive response. This article breaks new ground as it attempts to paint a richer picture by explaining the influence of retributive passions – vengeance – on British thinking about how best to respond to the villainy of German air raids. By using unpublished primary sources to uncover the moral and legal rationale used by British decision-makers, it shows that they (as their German counterparts had) exploited ambiguities or "loopholes" in the ethical and legal prohibitions on the bombardment of non-combatants and explained away their own air attacks on civilian towns and villages as legitimate acts of reprisal. It ends by demonstrating that, far from feeling grave concerns about the inhumanity of targeting civilians and their environs, the most influential air power thinkers after the war were relatively uninterested in moral concepts of proportionality and discrimination. They saw air power's ability to punish the strong and culpable by attacking the weak and vulnerable as a way of making wars shorter and therefore less expensive.Security and terrorism
This document provides an overview of security issues, the changing nature of warfare, terrorism, and dealing with the terrorist threat. It discusses how warfare has shifted from "old wars" between states to "new wars" involving non-state actors. Terrorism is defined as using violence against civilians to effect political change. The growth of air travel, television, and the internet have aided the spread of international terrorism. Causes of terrorism include defending culture from Western influence, economic grievances, and religious motivations. Winning the war on terrorism requires winning the war of ideas through proportionate responses that maintain the moral high ground.
How to Reverse the Tide of War. A Global People’s Movement. Say No to Nuclear...
- The document discusses the need for a legitimate anti-war movement that challenges the propaganda and lies used to justify wars. It argues that an effective movement must: 1) Fully expose the lies and complicity of governments in terrorist attacks like 9/11 that are used as pretexts for war. 2) Question the legitimacy of political leaders rather than just protest their policies. 3) Work to undermine the propaganda that sustains public support for wars by spreading truthful information. A movement funded or influenced by those who profit from war will not succeed in preventing war.
Fourth generation war and other myths pub632
This document provides a critique of the theory of Fourth Generation Warfare (4GW). It argues the theory has undergone several reinventions since emerging in the late 1980s but remains fundamentally flawed. The theory claims warfare has evolved through four generations focused on massed manpower, firepower, maneuver, and now an evolved form of insurgency. However, the document identifies several issues with the theory. It argues the early versions envisioned unrealistic stormtrooper-like terrorists and failed to examine how groups like Hamas and Hezbollah actually operate by integrating into societies. Later versions relied on myths about history and did not withstand critical examination. Overall, the theory obscures more than it illuminates and a better approach is to think
The U.S. Military Industrial Complex: A Diagrammatic Representation
This document provides an overview of President Eisenhower's concept of the "military industrial complex" and how it has grown significantly since his warning. It describes the military industrial complex as a conglomerate of weapons manufacturers, suppliers, and intelligence agencies that influence policy and budget priorities through political lobbying. While initially dismissed, Eisenhower's warning has become increasingly relevant as the complex continues expanding and influencing foreign policy decisions and budgets, to the detriment of domestic priorities and quality of life. The document also discusses how U.S. militarism and interventions abroad have negatively impacted people in other countries and can result in "blowback" such as terrorist attacks on U.S. soil.
DG11 Global Terrorism
This document discusses the major challenge of global terrorism. It begins with a definition of terrorism as the use of violence by sub-state groups to inspire fear and effect political change by attacking civilians or symbolic targets. The document then outlines how terrorism has evolved since 1968 due to factors like increased air travel, televised news coverage, and overlapping ideological interests among extremists. Samuel Huntington's theory of a clash of civilizations between Western and Islamic societies is discussed critically. The role of new technologies in enabling terrorists to communicate, coordinate attacks, spread propaganda, and become more lethal is also examined.
Jack Oughton - Science Challenges The Nation State.doc
The document discusses how nuclear weapons have profoundly impacted politics and international relations. It argues that science's development of nuclear weapons disrupted the balance of power between nation states and introduced the threat of mutually assured destruction. This existential threat caused countries to engage in arms races, proxy wars, and develop strategies of deterrence and nonproliferation during the Cold War. The document expresses concerns that nuclear proliferation to additional states and non-state actors could undermine deterrence and increase the likelihood of nuclear conflict or terrorism in the modern era.
New Seeing Through The Sandstorm
This research analyzes the sectarian violence that was an end product of the destruction of the golden dome of the mosque of al-Askari on February 22nd, 2006 and the effectiveness of US military responses to that event. According to many policy think tanks, the destruction of the golden dome was simply a catalyst of sectarian strife of an unexplained origin.i This on-the-spot characterization of the mosque bombing as an igniter of sectarian warfare does not give justice to the deep historical nature of the religious complexities of the violence which the bombing caused; any violent event of equivalent magnitude (a similar attack at Karbala or Najaf for example) would have spurred similar reactions.
Instead this study of an effective counterinsurgency theory will utilize primary sources such as interviews from ex-military personnel, Iraqi weblogs composed around the year 2006 and recent scholarly works concerning counterinsurgency theory and tactics (such as FM 3-24) in order to better frame the issue on why the mosque bombing had such violent responses and an explanation on how the US responded (in Baghdad). Contrary to common viewpoint that the mosque bombing in Samarra was the source of sectarian violence in Iraq, it was simply an event in a larger mosaic that comprises the history of Islamic sectarian conflict in Iraq, the endgame of which is currently out of reach.
This study also addresses the shortcomings of conventional thinking (as evidence by veteran interviews) that the regular military operates under when it comes to post-invasion standard operating procedures in the months preceding the mosque bombing in Samarra and after it. These interviews will address the fact that in order to combat sectarian violence in Iraq, the occupying force must work in tandem with local security forces focusing on the desires of the population. The operations that will be analyzed (and taken into context within the veteran interviews and Iraqi weblogs) are those that were conducted in the city of Baghdad due to the city’s near resemblance of the ethnic composition of Iraq and the socio-political importance that the city holds on Iraq’s national stage.
The findings of research concluded that there were several factors that were present in Baghdad during the months after the mosque bombing that influenced the feelings of the population and the response of US forces. These factors include (but are not limited to): the perception of al Qaeda to occupying forces and local inhabitants, the influence of Iran with regards to sectarian groups and Sunni and Shiite relations. This research advocates that standard operating procedures need to be replaced with unconventional strategy and tactics (akin to Special Forces, for example) which tends to be more population-centric when dealing with known and unknown challenges.
Victory Amongst People - Mills- Richards - Ewen McLay
The document summarizes and reviews the book "Victory Among People – Lessons from Countering Insurgency and Stabilising Fragile States". It makes the following key points:
1) The book provides a rich starting point for studying insurgencies and is a must-read for counterinsurgents.
2) It examines regional case studies of 16 counterinsurgency campaigns across different continents and decades. Common themes that emerge can inform how to counter insurgencies.
3) The authors have extensive first-hand operational experience, giving credibility to the analysis and recommendations in the book.
WPT essay final draft
This document discusses the changing role of intelligence in periods of both war and peace throughout history. It focuses on three key time periods: the Cold War, the post-Cold War 1990s, and the post-9/11 world. During the Cold War, intelligence agencies focused on countering the Soviet threat, with blurred lines between civilian and military intelligence activities. In the 1990s after the Soviet collapse, intelligence priorities shifted to understanding new non-state threats like terrorism. The 9/11 attacks then reinforced terrorism as the greatest threat, requiring cross-border intelligence collaboration.
Similar to FGAW (14)
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How to Reverse the Tide of War. A Global People’s Movement. Say No to Nuclear...
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The U.S. Military Industrial Complex: A Diagrammatic Representation
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Victory Amongst People - Mills- Richards - Ewen McLay
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More from Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
APA Manual 7th Edition - prerelease essentials
The powerpoint slideshow for the American Psychological Association (APA) Manual -- 7th Edition (prerelease notes)
The Hounds
The Hounds were a group of gang members in New York who joined the military to fight in the Mexican-American War, and ended up in Yerbe Buena (San Francisco) as Domestic Terrorists. Check these guys out with this short presentation.
Street gangs terrorists and outlaw bikers smith-harms withpaper
The document examines the perceived threat of organized crime groups with military-trained members (MTGMs) in communities. A survey of law enforcement found most agree that street gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and domestic extremist groups have members with military experience or training. Those with more knowledge of MTGMs perceived a greater threat, seeing evidence of these groups using military weapons, tactics, and committing violent crimes. More research is needed with broader samples to better understand the threat posed by organized criminal groups connected to the military.
Military trained gang members in the volunteer state- four year follow-up wi...
Military trained gang members in the volunteer state- four year follow-up wi...Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
The presence of military-trained gang members (MTGMs) in the community increases the threat of violence to citizens. The problem addressed was the growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities in Tennessee. We examined the perceived presence of military-trained gang members of gang investigators at the annual conference and whether there had been changes since the previous survey. Many respondents reported gang members in their jurisdictions were increasingly using military-type weapons or explosives (51%), as well as military-type equipment like body armor, night-vision devices, etc. (30%). Although few (24%) agreed that gang members were using military-type tactics, a majority (over 90%) reported gang members committed home invasions and armed robberies. Many (46%) reported that there were gang members in their jurisdiction currently serving in the military, while 64% reported they had gang members who had served. Most of the respondents (66%) did not believe that military representatives advised their department when gang members were discharged from the military. More of the 2014 respondents than those in 2010 reported gang member use of military weapons, explosives, and equipment. More also reported gang members committed home invasions and armed robberies, and gang members currently in the military in their jurisdictions. Fewer thought their organization had a working relationship with military investigative authorities.Success tips for (my) classes
Insight intended to get students to think about what we teach what we teach at the University. The need to shift from High School, peer-infected decision making to stand-out-in-a-crowd, competitive workforce is the intended focus.
James Earl Hitchcox
This document provides an obituary for James Earl Hitchcox who passed away on April 22, 2014. It lists his birth and death dates, includes a Bible verse, and mentions that he was mourned by 10 children upon his death but welcomed by one in heaven. It also notes that he was a beloved father, great grandfather, and best friend who enjoyed hiking and being with his family.
Current and emerging trends in the private security industry and the need for...
Current and emerging trends in the private security industry and the need for...Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
The document discusses current and emerging trends in the private security industry and the need for continuing education and training of security professionals. It covers the history of private security, challenges in the field, perceptions of security professionals, efforts toward professionalization, current education practices, and the future of the industry. Key points include the growth of private security surpassing public policing; the shift to higher education needs due to technological and criminal advancements; ensuring security is perceived as a true profession through qualification, academic acceptance, and corporate recognition; and preparing for future trends like increased cyber threats, social media challenges, and crisis management responsibilities.Gang investigators' perceptions of military trained gang members in the south...
Gang investigators' perceptions of military trained gang members in the south...Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
Communities everywhere have experienced the negative effects of street gangs. The presence of military-trained gang members (MTGMs) in the community increases the threat of violence to citizens. The problem addressed was the apparently growing presence of military-trained gang members in civilian communities in two southern states. The purpose was to determine the perceived presence of military-trained gang members and examine whether there was a relationship between the perceptions of gang investigators regarding the presence and the size of their jurisdictions, the proximity of their jurisdictions to a military installation, and the extent to which investigators participate in anti-gang activities. The Army, Army National Guard, and Army Reserve were identified as the largest sources of MTGMs and the Bloods, Crips, and Gangster Disciples were the gangs most represented. Military leaders should acknowledge the increase in gang-related crime and address the problems caused for both military and civilian communities without attempting to quantify the threat level. Military leadership should continuously examine activities of all suspected gang members for active gang affiliation for retention purposes while evaluating any gang affiliation for security clearances. Military Law Enforcement liaison for recruiters should develop effective communication with law enforcement agencies to assist with information sharing.Gangcoptechspeak
Technology advances have changed the way the average American communicates, plans his or her day, shops, drives, and does many other things. Technology has changed the way criminals, specifically gang members, live their lives as well. As gangs evolve, many adopt more of a business model. How does that affect the way law enforcement should investigate them?
You will get an overview of criminal communications options, actions, and interactions followed by a discussion of how law enforcement – mostly gang cops – can and do respond. Ideas on how to engage, assist, or even thwart the detection of such activity will be provided. The use of metaphors to explain how technology functions often helps the not-so-literate grasp the concepts we will discuss – an impromptu brainstorming session on how that works will likely occur.
Forget Internships - Bring Employers and Their Work into the Classroom!
An initial look at an alternative to internships that seeks to provide experience producing reports, networking opportunities, and exposure to the professions studied. This initiative was launched in response to new information regarding DHS employee education preparation, an increased interest in teaching to increase critical and creative thinking, and a limit on available internships. Students engage in individually-graded group assignments, submit and resubmit reviewed work, and selected reports and summaries are identified as able to be submitted to official agencies and organizations.
Domestic Terrorism in the Next Eleven
The document discusses domestic terrorism trends in 11 developing countries known as the "Next Eleven": Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey, South Korea, and Vietnam. For each country, it provides brief background information and then lists the main domestic terrorist and homegrown violent extremist groups operating within the country. The document aims to analyze domestic terrorism threats in rapidly developing economies that have the potential to become globally influential powers.
12 steps to_id-dt
The identification process for Domestic Extremists requires considering many indicators. Recently released research indicates examining the mix of behavioral indicators such as personal connections, ideology, travel, and training may prove beneficial in determining the existence of an individual’s extremist views. The presentation suggests using these indicators not as a checklist but as a type of scale to help analysts determine priorities for research and investigation as resources become available.
I gangs hi tech gang communication-handout
Carter F. Smith is a gang expert who provides information on how gangs are evolving with technology. As communication technologies have advanced, gangs now utilize mobile phones, text messaging, social media, and the internet to coordinate activities and exchange information. This raises evidentiary and legal issues for law enforcement investigating gang activities in the digital age.
Gangs and the military
brief update on Gangs in the Military and the gang activity perception questionnaire that collected data on military-trained gang members
All grown up handouts
1) As gang members age, they gain more experience with crime and violence. This can make older gangs more sophisticated and dangerous than youth gangs.
2) Studies show the average age of gang members has increased over time, with over 70% of gang members now adults. As juveniles stay in gangs into adulthood, it increases the number of experienced criminals.
3) Advanced adult gangs may take on new criminal objectives beyond local turf wars. Some evolve into transnational criminal organizations comparable to organized crime groups. Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated community response.
Public service announcement
A tool to remind audience members that loud cell phones are annoying, disrespectful, and rude . . .
This one has a twist at the end - designed to ask for silence but allow for input via text-messaging like with polleverywhere.com
Security administration in the classroom more challenging when it’s not as ...
Security administration in the classroom more challenging when it’s not as ...Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
Gabbidon examined perceptions of criminal justice students in a security administration class, asking reasons for taking the course, knowledge regarding the security field, their career objective, and whether they considered working in the security field. He later asked whether their interest in working in the security field had decreased, increased, or remained the same, whether their respect for the field decreased, increased, or remained the same, and how they would rate the course in comparison to other criminal justice courses they had taken. This research was replicated to determine differences in perceptions of security administration by current criminal justice students.
Keywords: private security, security administration, homeland security education, criminal justice courses, teaching security
Gang member undergrads what are gang members doing in our colleges and univer...
Gang member undergrads what are gang members doing in our colleges and univer...Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
Abstract: With the growing presence of criminal street gang members in the United States, communities everywhere are experiencing the damaging impact of their criminal behavior. A 2011 report by the National Gang Intelligence Center reported the number of gang members in the United States was conservatively estimated at 1.4 million. As these gang members evolve, are they using our nation’s colleges and universities to educate themselves? How will that affect our communities? This paper reports results of a survey of college students and campus police regarding their perception of the presence of gang members on their campus. Less than one in four students agreed there was a gang problem in the community around their campus, while two of three of the police respondents agreed with the statement. Students and police agreed in similar percentages that there was a gang problem within the campus community. At least half of both students and police thought gang members were responsible for less than 10% of crime on campus. About two of three students and police reported less than 10% of the students were active gang members. The Bloods, Crips, and Gangster Disciples were the top three gangs in the campus community for both groups. Drugs crimes, Assaults, assorted Weapons crimes, Robberies and Sexual Assaults were reported as gang-related crimes.
Keywords: gang activity in college, street gangs in university, percent of students having gang association, gangs in college, gangs in universities, college gangs.
Gang Investigators' Perceptions of Military-Trained Gang Members in the Sout...
Gang Investigators' Perceptions of Military-Trained Gang Members in the Sout...Carter F. Smith, J.D., Ph.D.
This research study was designed to describe characteristics and perceptions of members of two Gang Investigators' Associations and to examine whether a relationship existed between the perceptions of gang investigators regarding the presence of MTGMs in their jurisdictions and the size of the gang investigators’ jurisdiction (i.e., county size, number of officers employed), the extent to which the gang investigators participate in anti-gang activities, the proximity of the gang investigators’ jurisdiction to a military installation (from survey and computed), time spent in anti-gang activities, age of investigator, and military installation size. The Military Gang Perception Questionnaire (MGPQ) (Smith, 2010), was used to address the goals of the study. A few of the questions paralleled a prior survey by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) (2007). The data and results of this study will be published and discussed elsewhere for academic and training purposes without openly identifying the source of information per an agreement between the author and the association board of directors.
Presentation for 2011 Southern Criminal Justice Association Meeting, Nashville, TNGang terroroc scja2011
Distinguishing Gangs, Organized Crime, and Terrorism Carter F. Smith & Jeffrey P. Rush, Austin Peay State University
Presentation for 2011 Southern Criminal Justice Association Meeting, Nashville, TN
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Street gangs terrorists and outlaw bikers smith-harms withpaper
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Military trained gang members in the volunteer state- four year follow-up wi...
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Forget Internships - Bring Employers and Their Work into the Classroom!
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This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
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described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
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FGAW
- 1. Fourth Generation Asymmetrical Warfare Extracted from “ The Real Intelligence Failure on 9/11 and the Case for a Doctrine of Striking First” - Richard H. Schultz and Andreas Vogt, 2002, in Russ Howard, ed., Terrorism and Counterterrorism (New York: McGraw Hill 2003).
- 12. Fourth Generation Asymmetrical Warfare Questions?