1) The document discusses the crisis of terrorism in the context of the "war on terror" following major attacks such as 9/11, Bali, Madrid, and London. 2) It examines the origins and root causes of crises, arguing that terrorism stems from more complex factors than "sub-humans", such as the end of the Cold War power balance and crises in borderlands and failed states. 3) The document also analyzes different approaches to managing crises, such as the Bush Doctrine, as well as differing perceptions of the crises, questioning who should truly be considered "terrorists".

1. Crisis and crisis management in the
war on terror
Change,
Conflict
and Crisis
3
EUA 601 and 620 Contemporary World Arena

2. 9-11
1

3. origins
2

4. crises
3

5. managing crises
4

6. perceiving crises
5

7. the attacks
1

8. acts of violence that are intentionally
directed at non-combatants for the
purpose of securing political objectives
(Philips 2020: 137)

9. Al-Qaeda and ‘transnational terror’

10. Use of aircraft and low technology

11. Part of a broader pattern

12. Bali
Madrid
London

13. Major impact on US foreign and
domestic policy, and on US allies

14. ever ything
two hours that
Halliday 2001
changed
changed the world

15. Where did it come from?
2

16. sub-humans

17. But beyond pain
and rhetoric…

18. serious thinking
suggests

19. it’s more complex

20. 1991change in balance of power

21. Decoupling
of Cold War proxy
relationships

22. crises
3

23. borderlands
Autonomous civil wars in

24. failed states and
ungovernable zones
Helman and Ratner 1992; Kaplan 1994

25. Security-
development nexus

26. managing crises
4

27. Bush doctrine

28. to forestall or prevent such
hostile acts by our
adversaries, the United
States will, if necessary, act
pre-emptively in exercising
our inherent right of self-
defence
National Security Strategy,
20 Sept 2002

30. Moral certitude
Military primacy
M. East democracy

31. Legitimised by UN and ‘coalition of the willing’

32. ut

33. Extension into Iraq
legitimacy
undermined

34. perceiving crises
5

35. crisis for whom?

36. why was 9/11
welcomed by some

37. US supports ME
d i c t a t o r s

38. Persistent
interventions in
the borderlands

39. US foreign policy has…

40. strutted around for a
century, without
saying ‘thank you’,
or ‘please’…

41. Western universalizing project

42. Liberal
terror
Propensity
to flatten
whatever
disagrees
with US
policy, in
the name of
the
liberal
peace
Brad Adams

43. 9-11
As
response
to
us
hegemony
since
1991

44. http://drones.pitchinteractive.com/

46. Meaning in IR
6

48. legitimate response to
violent
american
hegemony

49. Or
primitivism,
barbarism,
extremism

50. Who are the
‘terrorists’

51. How useful is it to
use such terms

52. To
demonise,
dehumanize and
delegitimize

53. to confiscate the word humanity, to invoke and monopolize such a
term… has certain effects, such as denying the enemy the quality of
being human and declaring him to be an outlaw of humanity; and a
war can thereby be driven to the most extreme inhumanity
Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political

54. since all such acts are barriers to
communication

55. Conclusion

56. nothing changes
everything
George Will (2005)
“

57. Little… has changed. The forces of globalization
continue unabated... The issues of the day… are largely
the same. Across broad measures of political, economic,
and social data, the constants outweigh the variations.
And United States' foreign policy is marked by no greater
strategic clarity than it had on Sept. 10, 2001
Dobson, 2006:1

58. Violence from
hegemonic
power inevitable
to maintain
status
realism
Attacks are war
of ideas, beliefs
and supremacy
constructivism
Violence
sanctioned and
condoned by
collective
security rules
liberalism
Opportunity to
further goals of
neoimperialism
marxism