Fertilizing and Watering
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The document provides information on watering and fertilizing garden plants. It discusses how much water plants need per week (1-1.5 inches), optimal watering techniques like using a hose or sprinkler in the morning, and issues that can arise from over or under watering. The document also details the components of fertilizer like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace minerals. It provides examples of organic fertilizers and calculations for determining how much fertilizer to apply based on recommendations. Signs of nutrient deficiencies and excess nitrogen are also summarized.
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- Major diseases
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Advance in production techonology of Alovera.pptx
1. Welcome
2. Introduction
3. Uses
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT
Commercially cultivated species-Aloe barbadensis
Aloe arborescens, Aloe perryi
Aloe ferox
VARIETY
CIM sheetal (2005) is a barbaloin free variety released from CIMAP, Lucknow
The plant is suited for rainfed cultivation
High leaf and sap yielding, foliage yield: 400 -500 q/ha.
Soil and climate
Hardy, grows on sandy coastal to loamy soils with a pH of up to 7- 8.5
Water logged conditions and problematic soils are not suited
Commercial cultivation can be done in regions having 25-40O It can be cultivated in arid and semi arid region
Propagation and planting
Medium sized root suckers are chosen and carefully dug out without damaging the parent plant at the base and directly planted in the main field.
Root suckers (10,000/ha) or leaf cuttings
Nearly 3-4 months old suckers having 4-5 leaves and 20-25 cm length can be used Spacing - 90x90 cm Season-June-July.
15- It can also be propagated through leaf cuttings. In this case, after the harvest of the crop, the underground rhizome is also dug out and made in to 5-6 cm length cuttings which should have minimum 2-3 nodes on them.
16. It is rooted in specially prepared sand beds or containers and after it has started sprouting, it is ready for transplanting
17. Manures and fertilizers
10-15 tons of FYM/ha - during 18. land preparation- Apply 30kg/ha Nitrogen + 120kg/ha of Gypsum during field preparation
In addition 30kg N can be applied 20 DAP
17. Irrigation
Soon after planting
According to the soil moisture
4-5 irrigations are sufficient per year. Weed control
Weeding may be done twice a year
21. Pests and diseases
Normally aloe is free from pests and diseases
Major insect : Mealy bug
Major diseases : Leaf spot and Anthracnose
Control measures
1. For controlling mealy bugs spray Chlorpyriphos 2 ml in 1 litre of water.
2. Spray the crop with Bavistin 10 g with Carbendazim 2g per litre and repeat at 10 days interval for controlling anthracnose.
3. Leaf spot can be controlled by spraying the crop with 0.2% Mancozeb at weekly intervals
24. Processing- The mucilaginous pulp from the leaf parenchyma, which is mainly carbohydrate in nature, is used in skin disorders.
For the purpose of isolation of aloe gel, the portion of leaves remaining after the removal of their exudates is cut open and their mucilage is scraped out with a blunt edged knife.
This mucilage is stirred vigorously in a blender to make it into a uniform solution and is strained through a muslin cloth and filtered.
The gel is precipitated from the extract and isolated by centrifugation
The gel is re-dissolved in slightly warm water.
It is dried at high temperature and weighed
Soilless Cultivation- The cultivation of aloe in containers has also become a standard technique in central and southern Europe.
The rooted sucker is transplanted into a plastic pot, 2.5–3.5 L in volume and re-potted after 6–9 months into a 24 L container.
Hydroponic Cultivation
Papaya 01
All about production technology of Papaya (Climate, soil, varieties, propagation, planting & spacing, nutrient management, irrigation and fertigation, training and pruning, intercultural operations, papain extraction, harvesting and yield, major diseases, major pests, major disorders)
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2013 Green Industry Training: Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
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Fertilizing and Watering
- 1. Agenda ● Watering ● How much water ● Techniques ● Fertilization ● Fertilizer Components ● Types of Nitrogen ● Calculating Organic Mixtures ● Applying Fertilizer ● Fertilizer Problems
- 2. How Much Water is Needed ● 1 to 1.5 inches per week ● Soil appears dark leaves wet outline on hand. ● Between 40 and 70% of soil capacity. ● Over watering is as bad as not enough – The biggest reason non commercial plants die in GA is over watering ● Allow for rain
- 3. How Much to Water ●On a DCGO plot one inch of water is about 20 gallons A cubic ft =7.48 gallons 1 inch on a 4x8 ft plot is 2.67 cubic ft or 19.95 gal ●Needed between 20 to 30 gallons total per week ●Water flow is 12 gallons per minute maximum ●Only 2 minutes at full pressure
- 4. How To Water ● Possible Methods – Hose and nozzle aim stream at the ground around the roots ● use appropriate pressure – Sprinkler can water the roots – Soaker hose place under the mulch ● Flow meters and timers are available ● If using a timer make sure all connections are tight and don't drip. ● Avoid leaves as much as possible
- 5. When to Water ● Best time is morning shortly after due evaporates ● Late afternoon is also good ● Try to avoid mid day when water evaporates quickly ● Avoid late in the day when water will remain on the leaves and encourage fungus growth
- 6. Fertilizer Components ● Nitrogen – Urea – Ammonia Nitrate – Nitrate ● Phosphate P2O2 ● Potassium ● Trace Element ● Inert Ingredients
- 7. Trace Minerals ● Not present in all fertilizers ● Include: sulfur, iron, magnesium, copper and zinc ● May need to add separately
- 9. Some Organic Fertilizers Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
- 10. Ammonium Nitrate ● NH4 ● Most commonly in the form (NH4)2SO4 ● Absorbed by soil ● Converted by soil bacteria to NO3,Nitrate ● In the form NH4NO3 is explosive
- 11. Urea ● NH2-CO-NH2 ● Form of nitrogen in some organic fertilizers ● Can be lost to volatilization ● Water soluble
- 12. Nitrate NO3 Not absorbed into the soil Product of microbial action on ammonium fertilizers NH4 Can be lost to leeching
- 13. Test Report
- 14. Organic Fertilizers to Use
- 15. Calculating Fertilizer ● Take fertilizer recommendation and calculate pounds needed of N, P and K ● Example recommendation: ● UGA recommends 30lbs 10-10-10 per 1000 sq ft approximately 1 lb 10-10-10 for a 4x8 bed ● 1.6 oz each of N, P and K(32/1000)*48 ● Use 4-3-4 organic fertilizer from big box store and bat guano
- 16. Calculation Continued ● Need N and K 40 oz (1.6 / .04) ● P .03 * 40 = 1.2 oz still need .4 oz of P ● Bat Guano 0-7-0 5.7 oz (.4/.07) ● Mix 2.5 lbs Holly Tone (40oz) with 5 ¾ oz bat guano
- 17. Dawgs to the Rescue ● http://aesl.ces.uga.edu/soil/fertcalc
- 19. When to Fertilize● Sweet Corn – 12” tall, one month later ● Leafy green vegetables – 3-4 weeks after emergence ● Onions – 3-4 weeks after emergence ● Tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants – First fruits 1” diameter ● Cole crops (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower) – 2-3 weeks after transplanting then 2 wks later
- 20. Nitrogen Deficiency Yellowing of the leaves,showing first in older leaves and lack of growth
- 21. Potassium Deficiency Older leaves and/or leaf edges are yellow or brown; leaves may be chlorotic (yellow) and curl, and may have necrotic (burned/brown) spots, limited to older leaves.
- 22. ●Phosphorous Deficiency older leaves to become dark green and have red or purple patches in them. Growth can be stunted and/or the plant can have late flowering/maturing fruits
- 23. Calcium Deficiency ● Stunted ● Distorted cupped shaped leaves ● Interveinal chlorosis ● Symptoms appear first on new growth ● Blossom end rot on tomatoes
- 24. Magnesium Deficiency ● Yellow or white areas between the veins of older leaves at first ● Yellowed areas may turn into dead spots ● Older leaves in plants may be purple or bronze ● Plants may be stunted and have a yellow appearance
- 25. Zinc Deficiency ● First become light green. ● Leaves are deformed, dwarfed and crumpled ● Terminal blossoms set pods that drop off, delaying maturity
- 26. Excess Nitrogen ● May run off into the environment ● “Leggy” stems ● Delayed Maturity ● Reduced yields ● Reduced quality – Softer – lower nutritional content – less sugar