Mineral are required in small quantity For effective biological functions, whose deficiencies causes roof problems, hence understand of their importance for mulberry plant’s is necessary

1. Department of Sericulture
Kakatiya University

2. PPT Presentation on Mineral
Deficiency Symptoms & Remedial
Measures in Mulberry Plants
Supervised by
Dr. Kuntamalla Sujatha mam.
Faculty of Sericulture.
Presented By
S. Shireesha
Msc.Sericulture
Batch:2023-2025
First Semister

3. Introduction
Like other plants mulberry also requires nutrients for their growth and development.
Once mulberry is planted it's foilagr is generally utilized 4-6 times in a year (under
tropical conditions) for 20-30 years from the same field. Mulberry need 17 elements
for their growth and completion of life cycle. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese,
zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, and nickel.
In addition, four more elements sodium, cobalt, vanadium &silicon are
absorbed by some plants for special purpose. The elements C, H, O arenot minerals .
The rest of the elements are absorbs from the soil and these are called mineral
elements, since they're dervied from minerals. These mineral elements are mainly
absorbed in ionic from and to some extent in Non-ionic form.

4. Classification ofessential elements
The essential elements can be mainly classified based on the amount required, their movement in
plant and soil, their chemical nature and function inside the plant.
Classification based on amount of nutrients :
Depending on the quantity of nutrients present in plants, they can be grouped into three
categories;Basic Nutrients, Macronutrients, Micronutrients.
Basic Nutrients; Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen which constitute 96% of total dry matter of plants are
basic nutrients. Among the carbon and oxygen constitute 45% each.
Macronutrients; Plants require them in large amounts and their concentration in plant body is 1mg/g
of dry matter. They are N, P, K, CA, M G & S. Among the N, P, K are called primary nutrients.
Micronutrients; Plants require them in small quantity and their concentration in plants is less than
1mg/g of dry matter and are micronutrients or trace elements. They are Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl, Mo, Ni,
these elements are very efficient and minute quantities produce optimum effects.

7. Causes of Mineral Deficiency
● Inadequate supply of one Ormore plant nutrients to the soil Or
imbalance nutrient status.
● Element with drawals due to continuous cultivation withoutproper
replenishment.
● Imbalance in fertilizer application especially nitrogen.
● Increasing yield levels leads to higher nutrient requirement.
● Depletion of micronutrients due tointensive cultivation.
● Leading of micronutrients in the soil.

8. Remedial Measures In Mulberry
● Spray Magnesium sulfate : Spary 0.2-0% magnesium sulfate on deficiate plants
depending on the severity. If needed you can spray a second dose after 5-7day
● Use Poshan : Dilute one liter of poshan in 140 liters of water and spary it on an
acre of mulberry garden 25-30 days after pruning.
● Apply Balance Nutrients : Apply balanced nutrients based on periodic soil
analysis.
● Use Press Mud : Use press mud as a soil conditioner and soil reclament. It can
prevent soil erosion, cracking and crusting and adjust soil PH.
● Apply Superphosphate Fertilizer : Apply superphosphate fertilizer, organic
manures, and Bio-fertilizer (Seriphos) to correct phoshorus deficiency.
● Mulch With Organic Matter: In the long term mulch with organic matter like
manure (or) well rotted garden compost to provide a steady supply of nitrogen
stabilize levels.

9. Macronutrients

10. 1. Nitrogen:
● Nitrogen deficiency leads to reduced growth of mulberry
(shoot, leaf, roots), reduced leaf area, prolonged bud dormancy,
reduced shoot production and delayed flowering.
● Symptoms
● Pale yellow leaves noticed first in older leaves.
● Yellowing proceeds from leaf to tip to base.
● Premature yellowing and leaf fall.
● Root system also became weak.
● Decreases in protein, nitrogen and chloroplast.
● Remedial Measures
● Maintaining soil PH between 6.5-7.5.

12. 2.Phosphorus [P]
● Phosphorus deficiency results in reduced shoot height, leaf urea and nutrient
content of leaf.
● Symptoms
● Thedeficient plants show chlorosis of older leaves.
● Slender stem without fresh growth having stunted root system.
● Thedecoration of the stem andleaves to reddish or purplish colour.
● Remedial Measures
● Apply phosphorus pentaoxide@180kg/ha/yr, in equal split doses at
alternative crops.

14. 3.Potassium [K]
•Potassium has been reported as a key nutrient in maintaining the mulberry quality. It's
deficiency causes powdery mildew disease of mulberry.
Symptoms
• Terminal growth ceases.
• The stem and roots become slender.
• Yellow colouration and leaves also shows rusty brown patches.
•In advance stage, reduce leaf thickness and shortening of Internodes, wilting of plants.
Remedial Measures
● Maintenance of soil PH and soil moisture.
● Application of potassium fertilizer is useful in curing the element deficiency.

15. 4. Calcium [Ca]
Symptoms
● Plant growth is completely ceased and becomes weak.
● The leaves become pale.
● The stem becomes woody and short with yellowish tips
● The roots become stubby and dry.
● Deformation of younger leaves.
● Necrosis starts in margins and tips of leaves.
Remedial Measures
● In acid soil apply lime one MT/ha/yr at the interval of every 4-5years.
● Application of calcium nitrate also serves the purpose.

16. 5.Magnesium [Mg]
Symptoms
● Plant growth is ceased.
● Chlorosis occurs in between the veins and is more prominent in younger
leaves.
● Leaves become totally yellow with reddish green patches all around leaf.
● The leaf tips and margin become dried and scorched.
Remedial Measures
● Spary 0.2-0.5 percent magnesium sulphate on deficient plants depending on
the severity.
● If required, one more dose can be sprayed after 5-7days on first spray.

18. 6. Sulphur [S]
Sulphur is essential for the growth and development of mulberry. It is involved in the
formation of chlorophyll and glucosides and in the activation of enzymes.
Symptoms
● The stem become slender
● It results in slight chlorosis of leaves with subsequent abscission, abnormally long and
woody stem &root finally leading to arrest of growth.
● Lower leaves become yellow &fall in pre-mature stage.
Remedial Measures
● Application of gypsum(or) ammonium sulphate at appreciate dose is recommended
● Factampose (15) or zink sulphate (15) can also be used.

19. Micronutrients

20. 1.Iron [Fe]
Symptoms
● Overall plant growth is very much effected.
● Chloroplast size is reduced.
● Prominent interveinal chlorosis and reticulate appearance.
● Younger leaves are green but with chlorotic patches.
● Lower leaves become golden yellow in colour with dusty look.
Remedial Measures
● Aqueous solution of 1kg ferrous sulphate ha/crop should be sprayed over the
leaves of deficient plants.

22. 2.Zinc [Zn]
Symptoms
● Overall plant growth is arrested.
● Lower leaves become yellowish green.
● Sever reduction in leaf size.
● Whitish spots appear on the older leaves.
● Decrease in auxin content.
Remedial Measures
● Aqueous solution of 2kg zinc sulphate/ha crop should be sprayed over the
leaves of deficient mulberry plants.

23. 3.Copper [Cu]
Symptoms
● Plant growth is ceased.
● Leaves fall in premature stage.
● Chlorosis starts from the margin of the leaf.
● Yellowish spots are observed through the leaf.
Remedial Measures
● Aqueous solution of one kg copper sulphate/ha/crop should be sprayed over
the deficient plants.

25. 4. Manganese [Mn]
Symptoms
● Ceased plant growth.
● Chlorosis starts from the margin in younger leaves and spread towards the
whole leaf.
● In mature leaves, chlorosis is found towards veins and yellowish spots are
found through the leaf.
Remedial Measures
● Spary aqueous solution of one kg.
● Manganese sulphate/ha/crop over the deficient plants.

26. 5.Boron [B]
Symptoms
● Plant growth is slowed down and young tissues disintegrate.
● Stem veins of the leaves proliferate and protrude out
Remedial Measures
● Spary aqueous solution of one kg boric acid (Borox) /ha/crop over the leaves
of deficient plants.

28. 6. Chlorine [Cl]
Symptoms
● Bronze coloured leaves.
● Swollen root tips.
● Flower abscission and wilting of leaves.
● Less chlorophyll content in leaves thus resulting in drying of leaves.
Remedial Measures
● Chlorine is normally not applied to soil.
● Rain water supplies about 10-100kg of per hectare.
● Rate of recommendations is 3-5kg per hectare.

29. 7.Molybdenum
Symptoms
● Necrosis, chlorosis and suppression of leaves which become thin and dry like
paper.
● Translucent spots of irregular shape impregnated with resinous gum.
Remedial Measures
● The most common cure is to lime the soil to a PH of 6.0-6.5.
● After which Mo deficiency often disappears.

30. 8.Nickel [Ni]
Symptoms
● More damage by root knot nematodes.
● Accumulation of ureids in leaves.
● Critical for conversion of urea to ammonia.
Remedial Measures
● It can be found as a contaminant in fertilizer and the irrigation water and it is
often found in sewage sludge and animal waste.
● Nickel can also be applied as a single element application as nickel sulphate.

33. Thank You