Rod Pittman of The Veggie Patch uses organic and permaculture practices to grow crops year-round. He maintains beneficial soil microorganisms through composting and compost tea. His compost recipe layers leaves, grass, and wood chips, heating to 165 degrees to cultivate bacteria and fungi. Compost and compost tea nourish soil microbes, improving soil structure and nutrient availability for continuous planting without tilling. Through microbe management, Pittman grows vegetables, herbs and fruits indoors and out in all seasons with minimal external inputs.
This document discusses the key components and characteristics of soil. It explains that soil is alive, composed of minerals, organic matter, air and water. The mineral portion includes sand, silt and clay, which differ in size and affect the soil's ability to retain nutrients and water. Organic matter provides food for soil organisms. The document outlines the various microorganisms that inhabit soil and their roles in breaking down organic matter and making nutrients available to plants. It also discusses how soil texture, pH, and nutrient levels can be tested to understand a soil's properties and needs for supporting plant growth.
This document provides information on raising tomatoes, including determining whether to use seeds or starter plants, variety selection, planting, care, and common problems. Key points covered include:
- Seeds are cheaper but require more effort, while starter plants are easier but can be planted later. Determinate varieties produce one harvest, while indeterminate produce throughout the season.
- Heirloom varieties can be replanted but are less resistant to disease, while hybrids may yield better and be more consistent but cannot be replanted.
- Proper planting includes using seed starting mix, providing the right environment for germination, and hardening off seedlings before transplanting outdoors.
- Ongoing
A kitchen garden is a garden planted close to the home where vegetables, fruits, and herbs are grown for use in cooking. The summary discusses starting a kitchen garden by choosing an appropriate site that receives full sun, preparing the soil, selecting crops to plant according to climate, and planting at the right time with proper spacing. Maintenance of the garden is also covered, including watering, fertilizing, weed control through mulching or other means, and supporting tall plants.
Tips and tricks for organic vegetable gardeners slideshareKaran Manral
This document provides tips for organic vegetable growers in Goa, India. It discusses key growing stages like planting schedules, soil preparation, and garden planning. Basic organic principles are outlined, such as using no poisons and promoting healthy soil. Five tips are provided for various growing stages, like optimal planting times, companion planting, soil improvement techniques, and encouraging healthy plant growth. Organic pest prevention methods are also recommended, including using neem oil, cow urine and trap crops. The document aims to help organic vegetable growers through the different phases of planting.
Pakisan and kitchen gardening role for Organic Vegetables a Presentation by A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardens can be grown in small spaces in people's backyards to provide nutritious foods and income, with individual gardens benefiting families directly and group gardens benefiting communities; they require selecting sites with good sunlight and drainage, preparing the soil, choosing crops and varieties suited to the space and climate, intensive planting, and ongoing care including watering, weeding, and harvesting. Kitchen gardens are a way for people to grow their own vegetables using limited space and resources to improve nutrition, health, and economic well-being.
This document discusses the key components and characteristics of soil. It explains that soil is alive, composed of minerals, organic matter, air and water. The mineral portion includes sand, silt and clay, which differ in size and affect the soil's ability to retain nutrients and water. Organic matter provides food for soil organisms. The document outlines the various microorganisms that inhabit soil and their roles in breaking down organic matter and making nutrients available to plants. It also discusses how soil texture, pH, and nutrient levels can be tested to understand a soil's properties and needs for supporting plant growth.
This document provides information on raising tomatoes, including determining whether to use seeds or starter plants, variety selection, planting, care, and common problems. Key points covered include:
- Seeds are cheaper but require more effort, while starter plants are easier but can be planted later. Determinate varieties produce one harvest, while indeterminate produce throughout the season.
- Heirloom varieties can be replanted but are less resistant to disease, while hybrids may yield better and be more consistent but cannot be replanted.
- Proper planting includes using seed starting mix, providing the right environment for germination, and hardening off seedlings before transplanting outdoors.
- Ongoing
A kitchen garden is a garden planted close to the home where vegetables, fruits, and herbs are grown for use in cooking. The summary discusses starting a kitchen garden by choosing an appropriate site that receives full sun, preparing the soil, selecting crops to plant according to climate, and planting at the right time with proper spacing. Maintenance of the garden is also covered, including watering, fertilizing, weed control through mulching or other means, and supporting tall plants.
Tips and tricks for organic vegetable gardeners slideshareKaran Manral
This document provides tips for organic vegetable growers in Goa, India. It discusses key growing stages like planting schedules, soil preparation, and garden planning. Basic organic principles are outlined, such as using no poisons and promoting healthy soil. Five tips are provided for various growing stages, like optimal planting times, companion planting, soil improvement techniques, and encouraging healthy plant growth. Organic pest prevention methods are also recommended, including using neem oil, cow urine and trap crops. The document aims to help organic vegetable growers through the different phases of planting.
Pakisan and kitchen gardening role for Organic Vegetables a Presentation by A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardens can be grown in small spaces in people's backyards to provide nutritious foods and income, with individual gardens benefiting families directly and group gardens benefiting communities; they require selecting sites with good sunlight and drainage, preparing the soil, choosing crops and varieties suited to the space and climate, intensive planting, and ongoing care including watering, weeding, and harvesting. Kitchen gardens are a way for people to grow their own vegetables using limited space and resources to improve nutrition, health, and economic well-being.
This document provides guidelines for home gardening, including vegetable gardening, pot gardening, and terrace gardening. It discusses choosing a sunny location with good drainage and soil for the garden. Layout and planting should make use of space, with taller plants towards the north and vines trained vertically. Regular fertilizer and micronutrient application is recommended, with an emphasis on organic sources. Intercropping, mulching, and physical pest removal are suggested for weed and pest management before considering chemicals. Composting and seed starting are also covered. The aim is to maximize the space and harvest while maintaining a sustainable, organic approach.
This document provides instructions for creating a vegetable garden in 6 steps:
1) Choose a location with sunlight and good soil conditions and decide what vegetables to plant.
2) Prepare the ground by clearing it of stones and debris with help from parents or students.
3) Sow seeds directly in the ground, labeling each type of vegetable. Place no more than two pumpkin seeds per hole.
4) Plant lettuce and cabbage as seedlings after they have sprouted, being careful of their fragile roots.
5) Ongoing tasks include weeding, watering plants, and moving plants that sprout in the wrong location.
Planning and preparing a vegetable kitchen garden By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardening provides many benefits such as exercise, satisfaction from growing food, and savings on grocery bills. Important considerations for a kitchen garden include location, soil type, crop selection, layout, rotation, and management of weeds and pests. Proper soil management through additions of organic matter and adjusting pH are crucial. Fertilizer should be applied based on crop needs. Careful planning of spacing, succession planting, and crop rotation will help the garden be productive.
Vegetable gardening is a wonderful hobby for any of us! It has many benefits on our health such as having well-balanced diet and reduce the level of daily stress. If you even wonder how to star your own vegetable garden, this short and comprehensive presentation will help you out !
This set of slides describes the different types of fruits that can be grown organically in the Konkan Region (India's western coast) and was prepared for Goa.
Vegetable Gardens - Kitchen Garden or Nutrition Garden; Gardening Guidebook for India ~ Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document provides an overview of vegetable gardening, covering topics such as site selection, soil, light requirements, season extension techniques, variety selection, planting, maintenance, and harvesting. It discusses choosing a site based on proximity to trees and shrubs, light levels, soil drainage, and access. Soil testing and amendments like compost are recommended. Planting times vary by region and crop type. The document provides examples of succession planting, covers, and season extension methods. Integrated pest management techniques like crop rotation are also summarized.
The document discusses a series of noontime talks on organic vegetable container gardening. It provides an outline of topics that will be covered in the talks, including introductions to organic vegetable gardening and the basics of organic vegetable container gardening. Examples of container types and materials that can be used are also presented. The talks aim to promote organic practices like using compost and beneficial insects instead of synthetic chemicals.
ABC of kitchen gardening in Pakistan By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on establishing and maintaining a kitchen garden. It discusses selecting a suitable site with sunlight, good drainage, and fertile soil. Key steps covered include preparing the soil by adding compost and fertilizer, deciding which crops to grow based on season, choosing between transplants or direct seeding, and proper spacing and planting methods. Ongoing maintenance activities like watering, weeding, and pest control are also mentioned. The document emphasizes that kitchen gardens can provide nutritional benefits by growing a variety of fresh vegetables as well as economic benefits through savings on food costs or income from surplus produce.
This document provides information on growing vegetables through vegetable gardening. It discusses selecting the best site with full sun and good drainage. Raised beds are recommended as they improve drainage and make weeding and harvesting easier. The document outlines different growing systems and provides planting timelines. It stresses the importance of soil quality, providing details on soil testing, amendments, and nutrient needs. Crop rotation, succession planting, watering, and mulching techniques are also covered.
This document provides information on planting and maintaining a vegetable garden. It discusses the benefits of gardening for self, family, and community. Some key considerations for vegetable gardening are soil type, season, and climate. The document outlines methods for planting, including preparing the soil and plot layout. It also discusses using organic fertilizers like compost and provides instructions for making a compost pit. Methods are presented for preventing pests organically, like intercropping and using plant-based pesticides. The steps for properly harvesting vegetables are described.
The ultimate guide for carrot farming 2018Amar Sawant
Carrot is important root crops cultivated throughout the world for its fleshy edible roots. Carrot farming is done in the spring, summer, and autumn in temperate climate countries and during winter in tropical and subtropical regions.
Roots of carrot are used as a vegetable for soups & curries; graded roots are used as a salad, tender roots as pickles also Carrot halwa and jam are famous.
Carrot juice is a rich source of carotene and is sometimes used for colouring buffer and other food articles. Carrot tops are used for extraction of leaf protein, as fodder and also for the poultry feed.
Carrots possess many medicinal properties and are used in Ayurvedic medicine. Carrots are a rich source of b-carotene and contain appreciable amounts of thiamine and riboflavin.
The Carrot crop is the Second most popular vegetable in the world after potato. China ranks first in production followed by Russia.
The major carrot growing states in India are Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
Mushroom cultivation involves growing mushrooms in a controlled environment. The document outlines the process which includes:
1) Preparing the growing shed with beds and proper orientation.
2) Producing compost by mixing straw, manure, and other nutrients and turning it regularly over 3 weeks.
3) Spawning the compost with mushroom spawn.
4) Covering with a casing layer to provide ideal humidity and nutrients for mushrooms to grow.
5) Harvesting button mushrooms 10-12 days later by cutting at the base and packaging them for local markets.
69 .Kitchen gardening ( facts) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Fo...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
This document provides an overview of key considerations for establishing a home vegetable garden, including site selection, soil preparation, garden bed systems, mulching, and weed management. Some of the main points covered are:
- Choosing a garden site that receives full sun, has good drainage, and is easily accessible.
- Improving soil fertility through additions of compost and other organic matter to build healthy soil.
- Options for garden bed systems include traditional in-ground rows or raised beds, each with pros and cons.
- Mulching is important for suppressing weeds and retaining soil moisture. Recommended mulches include shredded leaves and bark chips.
- Cultural practices like crop rotation, cover crops, and timely
This document announces a plant sale and art show being held from April 7-17, 2016 in Dunwoody, Georgia. It will include a large selection of organically grown vegetables, annuals, perennials, herbs and tomatoes for sale at low prices, as well as an art sale featuring local artists with works priced under $75. The event is a annual community event held at Brook Run Park.
This document provides guidelines for home gardening, including vegetable gardening, pot gardening, and terrace gardening. It discusses choosing a sunny location with good drainage and soil for the garden. Layout and planting should make use of space, with taller plants towards the north and vines trained vertically. Regular fertilizer and micronutrient application is recommended, with an emphasis on organic sources. Intercropping, mulching, and physical pest removal are suggested for weed and pest management before considering chemicals. Composting and seed starting are also covered. The aim is to maximize the space and harvest while maintaining a sustainable, organic approach.
This document provides instructions for creating a vegetable garden in 6 steps:
1) Choose a location with sunlight and good soil conditions and decide what vegetables to plant.
2) Prepare the ground by clearing it of stones and debris with help from parents or students.
3) Sow seeds directly in the ground, labeling each type of vegetable. Place no more than two pumpkin seeds per hole.
4) Plant lettuce and cabbage as seedlings after they have sprouted, being careful of their fragile roots.
5) Ongoing tasks include weeding, watering plants, and moving plants that sprout in the wrong location.
Planning and preparing a vegetable kitchen garden By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardening provides many benefits such as exercise, satisfaction from growing food, and savings on grocery bills. Important considerations for a kitchen garden include location, soil type, crop selection, layout, rotation, and management of weeds and pests. Proper soil management through additions of organic matter and adjusting pH are crucial. Fertilizer should be applied based on crop needs. Careful planning of spacing, succession planting, and crop rotation will help the garden be productive.
Vegetable gardening is a wonderful hobby for any of us! It has many benefits on our health such as having well-balanced diet and reduce the level of daily stress. If you even wonder how to star your own vegetable garden, this short and comprehensive presentation will help you out !
This set of slides describes the different types of fruits that can be grown organically in the Konkan Region (India's western coast) and was prepared for Goa.
Vegetable Gardens - Kitchen Garden or Nutrition Garden; Gardening Guidebook for India ~ Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document provides an overview of vegetable gardening, covering topics such as site selection, soil, light requirements, season extension techniques, variety selection, planting, maintenance, and harvesting. It discusses choosing a site based on proximity to trees and shrubs, light levels, soil drainage, and access. Soil testing and amendments like compost are recommended. Planting times vary by region and crop type. The document provides examples of succession planting, covers, and season extension methods. Integrated pest management techniques like crop rotation are also summarized.
The document discusses a series of noontime talks on organic vegetable container gardening. It provides an outline of topics that will be covered in the talks, including introductions to organic vegetable gardening and the basics of organic vegetable container gardening. Examples of container types and materials that can be used are also presented. The talks aim to promote organic practices like using compost and beneficial insects instead of synthetic chemicals.
ABC of kitchen gardening in Pakistan By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides guidance on establishing and maintaining a kitchen garden. It discusses selecting a suitable site with sunlight, good drainage, and fertile soil. Key steps covered include preparing the soil by adding compost and fertilizer, deciding which crops to grow based on season, choosing between transplants or direct seeding, and proper spacing and planting methods. Ongoing maintenance activities like watering, weeding, and pest control are also mentioned. The document emphasizes that kitchen gardens can provide nutritional benefits by growing a variety of fresh vegetables as well as economic benefits through savings on food costs or income from surplus produce.
This document provides information on growing vegetables through vegetable gardening. It discusses selecting the best site with full sun and good drainage. Raised beds are recommended as they improve drainage and make weeding and harvesting easier. The document outlines different growing systems and provides planting timelines. It stresses the importance of soil quality, providing details on soil testing, amendments, and nutrient needs. Crop rotation, succession planting, watering, and mulching techniques are also covered.
This document provides information on planting and maintaining a vegetable garden. It discusses the benefits of gardening for self, family, and community. Some key considerations for vegetable gardening are soil type, season, and climate. The document outlines methods for planting, including preparing the soil and plot layout. It also discusses using organic fertilizers like compost and provides instructions for making a compost pit. Methods are presented for preventing pests organically, like intercropping and using plant-based pesticides. The steps for properly harvesting vegetables are described.
The ultimate guide for carrot farming 2018Amar Sawant
Carrot is important root crops cultivated throughout the world for its fleshy edible roots. Carrot farming is done in the spring, summer, and autumn in temperate climate countries and during winter in tropical and subtropical regions.
Roots of carrot are used as a vegetable for soups & curries; graded roots are used as a salad, tender roots as pickles also Carrot halwa and jam are famous.
Carrot juice is a rich source of carotene and is sometimes used for colouring buffer and other food articles. Carrot tops are used for extraction of leaf protein, as fodder and also for the poultry feed.
Carrots possess many medicinal properties and are used in Ayurvedic medicine. Carrots are a rich source of b-carotene and contain appreciable amounts of thiamine and riboflavin.
The Carrot crop is the Second most popular vegetable in the world after potato. China ranks first in production followed by Russia.
The major carrot growing states in India are Karnataka, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
Mushroom cultivation involves growing mushrooms in a controlled environment. The document outlines the process which includes:
1) Preparing the growing shed with beds and proper orientation.
2) Producing compost by mixing straw, manure, and other nutrients and turning it regularly over 3 weeks.
3) Spawning the compost with mushroom spawn.
4) Covering with a casing layer to provide ideal humidity and nutrients for mushrooms to grow.
5) Harvesting button mushrooms 10-12 days later by cutting at the base and packaging them for local markets.
69 .Kitchen gardening ( facts) A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Fo...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Provincial Project Director CMP II MINFAl Islamabad and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
This document provides an overview of key considerations for establishing a home vegetable garden, including site selection, soil preparation, garden bed systems, mulching, and weed management. Some of the main points covered are:
- Choosing a garden site that receives full sun, has good drainage, and is easily accessible.
- Improving soil fertility through additions of compost and other organic matter to build healthy soil.
- Options for garden bed systems include traditional in-ground rows or raised beds, each with pros and cons.
- Mulching is important for suppressing weeds and retaining soil moisture. Recommended mulches include shredded leaves and bark chips.
- Cultural practices like crop rotation, cover crops, and timely
This document announces a plant sale and art show being held from April 7-17, 2016 in Dunwoody, Georgia. It will include a large selection of organically grown vegetables, annuals, perennials, herbs and tomatoes for sale at low prices, as well as an art sale featuring local artists with works priced under $75. The event is a annual community event held at Brook Run Park.
The document provides information on watering and fertilizing garden plants. It discusses how much water plants need per week (1-1.5 inches), optimal watering techniques like using a hose or sprinkler in the morning, and issues that can arise from over or under watering. The document also details the components of fertilizer like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace minerals. It provides examples of organic fertilizers and calculations for determining how much fertilizer to apply based on recommendations. Signs of nutrient deficiencies and excess nitrogen are also summarized.
This document provides information and recommendations for growing fruit trees and bushes in Atlanta. It discusses the benefits of fruit trees, recommends several fruits that grow well locally including blueberries, elderberries, feijoas, jujubes, serviceberries, and pawpaws. It emphasizes building healthy soil using fruit tree guilds that include plants with different roles like attractors, repellers, and nitrogen fixers. The document also discusses the importance of beneficial fungi in the soil food web for supporting tree growth.
This document provides information about the Brook Run Plant Sale & Art Show occurring from April 7-9 and 19-23, 2017 in Dunwoody, Georgia. The event will include a large plant sale with thousands of organically grown vegetable, herb, annual, perennial and pepper plants for $1 or more. An art sale will also be held with local artists exhibiting works priced under $75. The sale and show will take place at Brook Run Park across from the skate park.
El documento resume la historia de Juan Salvador Gaviota, una gaviota que se atrevió a soñar y volar más alto que el resto de su bandada. Aunque fue aislada y desterrada por sus ideas, siguió su sueño de libertad y descubrió la plenitud al volar solo. Más tarde, regresó para enseñarles a otras gaviotas a volar alto y ser libres.
Final 20170209 gpc 2017 clean water and environmental service initiative-ro p...GlobalPeaceFoundation
This initiative aims to promote clean water, environmental services, and peace through community mobilization, public participation, and partnership. Major programs include regularly cleaning the polluted Bagmati River and managing the Guheshwori Peace Park, providing environmental awareness training and solid waste management programs, hosting discussion forums on sustainability topics, and celebrating United Nations days focused on water, environment, and peace. The goal is to preserve local culture and the river ecology while improving health and sanitation through volunteerism and service.
This document provides information about using the words "hope" and "wish" in English. It explains that "hope" is used to express desires or possibilities about the future, so it takes the present tense with a future meaning (e.g. "I hope it rains tomorrow"). "Wish" is used to express desires that are contrary to reality, so it takes the past tense to refer to present or future situations (e.g. "I wish I was rich") or the past perfect to express regret about past events (e.g. "I wish I had studied more"). The document provides examples and exercises to practice using these words in different tenses.
Este documento contiene varios poemas cortos escritos por estudiantes de 5o grado sobre diferentes árboles como el arce, el ciprés, el magnolio, el chopo, el ciruelo y el roble. Los poemas describen las características y cualidades de cada árbol.
The document discusses urban agriculture and container farming as approaches to address issues with the high cost of food in cities. Container farming allows city dwellers to grow their own fresh fruits and vegetables using recycled containers. It has several benefits including saving money, helping beautify cities by reusing waste, reducing garbage, and providing spiritual and emotional benefits to individuals. The document then provides a step-by-step guide to successful container farming covering topics like planning, choosing crops, soil preparation, and container selection.
This document discusses how to make compost at home using a bin. It explains that composting recycles leaves and plant materials by breaking them down into nutrients for plants using microorganisms. The compost recipe calls for alternating layers of brown materials like leaves and green materials like grass clippings in the bin. With regular watering, the microorganisms will break down the materials into humus over time. The finished compost can then be used as mulch or mixed into soil to help plants and gardens grow.
This document discusses how to make compost at home using a bin. It explains that composting recycles leaves and plant materials by breaking them down into nutrients for plants using microorganisms. The compost recipe calls for alternating layers of brown materials like leaves and green materials like grass clippings in the bin. With regular watering, the microorganisms will break down the materials into humus over time. The finished compost can then be used as mulch or mixed into soil to help plants and gardens grow.
- Gardening on rooftops and terraces, known as roof gardening or terrace gardening, allows people to grow plants even if they do not have yard space.
- Some benefits of roof gardening include producing one's own organic fruits and vegetables, reducing indoor temperatures, improving air quality, and providing stress relief and mental well-being.
- Suitable plants include various vegetables, herbs, fruits, flowers, and even small trees or shrubs. Proper growing media, watering, fertilizing, pest management, and protection from harsh weather are keys to success.
This document provides resources and information for organic vegetable gardeners, including book and website recommendations, soil amendment guidelines, planting charts, and cultivation techniques. It recommends the book The Organic Gardeners Handbook as the top book for new organic gardeners. It also provides details on building healthy soil such as applying compost at a rate of 6-12 buckets per 100 square feet annually. Charts outline nutrient sources, heat-tolerant plants, planting amounts per person, and calculations for planning garden plantings.
This document discusses soil biology and composting. It describes the various microorganisms that live in soil and their important roles in decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients, and creating a healthy habitat for plant roots. Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, arthropods, earthworms, and other organisms all contribute to the complex soil ecosystem. The document also provides instructions for making compost, emphasizing the need for a balanced mix of carbon and nitrogen sources, water, air, and maintaining proper temperature. Adding compost to soil improves its structure, water retention, and nutrient content.
1. Earthworms are beneficial for soil and composting as they break down organic matter, aerate the soil, and produce nutrient-rich castings. Starting a worm farm or vermicomposting bin provides a way to utilize food scraps and bedding materials while the worms break them down into a fertilizer.
2. Proper care of a worm farm or vermicompost bin involves maintaining moisture levels that are damp but not wet, providing a dark environment, and regularly feeding the worms kitchen scraps and other organic materials while harvesting the finished compost.
3. Red worms are best for composting as they can process large amounts of food waste and tolerate a variety of conditions
1. Earthworms are beneficial for soil and composting as they break up soil, aerate the soil, and produce nutrient-rich castings. They can be kept in a worm farm to compost food scraps.
2. A worm farm consists of a container with bedding material like shredded paper and food scraps. Red worms are best as they eat a lot and tolerate various conditions.
3. The worm farm should be kept moist but not wet, and harvested periodically by removing castings while leaving worms in bedding. The castings can be used to fertilize plants.
The document provides information on producing various types of organic fertilizers including farm yard manure, compost manure, green manure, and organic liquid fertilizers. It describes how to make farm yard manure by providing bedding for animals and collecting their waste. Compost manure is produced using the Indore method, which involves layering materials in pits and transferring the mixture between pits over time. Green manure involves planting crops specifically to plow them into the soil to add nutrients. The document also provides instructions for making liquid fertilizers from urine or fermented plant and fruit juices by combining ingredients and storing the mixture to extract nutrients.
This document provides guidelines for home gardening, including vegetable gardening in backyards, pots, and terraces. It recommends choosing a sunny location with good drainage for the garden and composting kitchen waste. Sample layout plans show intercropping different vegetables and fruits. Regular fertilizer and micronutrient application is advised to optimize growth. Intercropping, mulching, and physical removal are the preferred methods for weed and pest control over chemicals. Proper seed sowing, transplanting, and disease prevention practices are also outlined to help ensure successful home gardening.
This document provides practical tips for organic gardening in 3 sections: How to get started, How to keep going, and Recommended resources. It emphasizes the importance of soil microbes and feeding the soil with organic matter like compost and mulch. Tips include stopping pesticide use, mulching beds, sheet mulching to create new beds, and organic lawn care practices like leaving clippings and using compost. Recommended books and the Society for Organic Urban Land Care are provided for further resources.
This document provides instructions for creating various bio-organic inputs that can be used as alternatives to inorganic fertilizers. It discusses Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO), which are microbes collected from decomposing materials that improve soil and plant health. The document outlines the collection and production process for IMO. It also covers Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ), which is created by fermenting chopped plants, sugar, and water. The document explains that both IMO and FPJ enhance soil quality, reduce pest and disease pressure, and promote plant growth when used as a foliar spray or soil amendment. The bio-organic inputs have benefits for agricultural production, household sanitation, and environmental quality.
This document provides guidance on improving soil quality through composting. It discusses testing soil type through simple tests, making compost by layering brown and green materials, and ensuring the compost pile has adequate water and oxygen through regular turning. Fully decomposed compost/humus is dark and earthy, and improves soil structure, nutrient content, and plant health when added to gardens.
Improving Soil Health discusses various methods to improve soil health including:
1. Adding organic matter to feed soil organisms, increase plant diversity, and improve soil conditions.
2. Protecting soil organisms through reduced tillage, minimized compaction, and refraining from chemical usage.
3. Maintaining a healthy rhizosphere where bacteria and other microorganisms interact symbiotically with plant roots to liberate nutrients.
4. Employing techniques like composting, green manuring, cover cropping, crop rotation, and use of biofertilizers to enrich the soil.
Urban gardening involves cultivating food in and around cities through methods like container gardening, vertical gardening, community gardens, and rooftop gardens. It provides many benefits such as being a local food source, bringing communities together, adding green spaces, and creating recreational areas. While Filipinos eat less vegetables due to perceptions of cost and spoilage, urban gardening can address this through waste reduction and growing safe, healthy food. Successful urban gardens require considering factors like sunlight, water access, drainage, and wind conditions when choosing plants and containers.
This slide is all about compost . composting is the method to put life in the soil. It fertilizes the soil and provide a new growth to plants . it is a proper media for seedling and start cutting
click on link below to watch video
https://youtu.be/uBgcX-zZ4Fo
The potato is a tuber native to South America. It is an important crop grown for its starchy tubers. Potatoes are high yielding and provide carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. They are ideally grown in loose, well-drained soil and require adequate rainfall and temperatures between 7-30°C for growth. Diseases, insects, and weeds must be managed to achieve good potato yields.
This document provides information about setting up a worm composting bin in a classroom. It discusses the benefits of having a worm bin, including teaching students about habitats, nature's cycles, and responsibilities. It provides instructions on building a bin, preparing bedding, feeding the worms, and harvesting the finished compost. The compost produced from worm castings is a nutrient-rich fertilizer that can be used to help plants grow. The document also provides local resources for obtaining worms and bin building supplies.
This document provides information and tips for fall vegetable gardening. It discusses the best time of year for a fall garden due to milder temperatures and fewer pests. It recommends preparing the soil by removing old plants, turning the soil, and adding organic matter. Key vegetables to plant include brassicas like cabbage and kale, leafy greens, root crops, and cover crops. The document provides planting and care instructions for specific vegetables and discusses pests, feeding the garden, mulching, and protecting plants from freezing.
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The Dunwoody Community Garden and Dunwoody Fine Arts Association will hold their annual Brook Run Plant Sale & Art Show from April 7-17, featuring a large selection of organically grown vegetables, herbs, flowers, and peppers for sale at low prices, as well as local art for sale under $75 in the greenhouse barn April 8-10.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Veggie Patch Review
1. Master Gardeners take a field trip to
The Veggie Patch
Rod Pittman, founding member of the Dunwoody
Community Garden, invites gardeners to visit
The Veggie Patch
How he has put organic and permaculture
practices to work on a commercial scale.
What can we learn from his practices?
2.
3.
4. Growing any crop indoors or out,
365 days a year!
● Chard ● ! ● Spinach
● Carrots● Tomatoes● Turmeric
5. How does he do this?
It's a combination of:
1) Micro-organisms in the soil
2) Maintaining soil temperature for great
germination and container growing
3) Supplying nutrients needed
6. About micro-organisms
● Good soil teems with a multitude of organisms,
without them it's just “dirt” (clay, silt and sand)
● Mulch and compost put the life in the dirt!
● Organic matter is the secret; it houses the
micro-organisms
7. ● Interactions of micro-organisms and their
feeding relationships (literally “who eats whom”)
help determine:
– the types of nutrients available in the soil,
– to what depth the nutrients are present,
– the soil pH,
– the types of plants which can be grown.
8. It all begins with.....
Beneficial bacteria and fungi in the organic
matter/soil, which
● Degrade residual toxic chemicals
● Bacteria release a glue-like substance to hold
soil together, Fungi release organic acids
● Tie up soluable nutrients so they are not
leachable and not lost as water moves through
the soil...
● Serve as food for protozoa, beneficial
nematodes and micro-arthropods which then
release the tied-up nutrients in a plant-available
form
9.
10. Soil Food Web
● Plants naturally put out EXUDATES (sugars,
carbohydrates and proteins) to attract and feed bacteria
and fungi, especially in the root zone.
● The attracted bacteria and fungi soak up all the soluble
nutrients in the soil and hold them, surrounding the
plant roots, just where they are needed.
14. Exudates
Root Zone
Fungi and bacteria
Attract protozoa,
nematodes and
micro-arthropods
Protozoa, nematodes and micro-arthropods attract worms and insects.
15. Root Zone
All this feeding activity
creates cavities in
the soil, places where
water and air can be
stored
PLUS, the previously unavailalbe nutrients are converted into plant-usable nutrients
by the consumers, which squish juices from the consumed bacteria and fungi!
16. Root Zone
Creating more root growth, more exudates, attracting more and more bacteria and
fungi, repeating the same cycle over and over
17. Mighty microbes!
● Hold on to nutrients, reduce/prevent leaching,
so we need to add fewer and fewer nutrients.
(About 80% of inorganic fertilizers leach out.)
● Restructure the soil by creating passageways
and cavities which retain water and air so we
need less irrigation.
● As plant health and nutrients improve, the
whole system acquires better immunities,
resistance to pests and diseases.
18. Bacteria to Fungi ratios
● All organic matter has some level of bacteria,
the fungi level is much more subject to
fluctuation.
● What will grow is dependent upon the bacteria
to fungi ratio.
● For example, a 300:300 bacterial/fungi ratio will
foster veggie and row crop growth, but a
500:500 content will produce much more rapid
growth, more flowering and more fruiting.
19. Fungi to Bacteria ratio
Old Growth Forests
Deciduous Trees
Shrubs, Vines
Crops, High Grasses
Veggies, Mid Grasses
Early Grasses
Weeds
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.3
0.7
2.1-8.1
8.1-100
100-1000
0.1
1.0-2.1
20. What Can I Grow?
Determine the natural growth and apply compost
accordingly.
SO....if only weeds are growing, I really need to
boost the fungi population in order to grow
veggies.
If grass is lush, balance may be OK already.
FYI: pH in highly fungal soil is acidic, less than 7
PH in bacterial soil is alkali, greater than 7
21. How to increase bacteria & fungi
They cannot yet be
created or grown in a
lab...
They grow like crazy in
compost!
22. Rod's Secret Compost Recipe
● Compost! ● 4 35-gallon containers of
crushed (oak) leaves
● 4 35-gallon containers of
grass clippings or weeds
● 4 35-gallon containers of
grass hay
● 2 5-gallon containers well-
aged wood chips
● 1 hog-wire pen at least 4 feet
across
23. Lay down 6” hay, wet it down well
Add a handful of aged wood chips
Layer 6” of oak leaves, wet it down
Another handful of wood chips
Layer 6” of green matter
Repeat layers till it's all used up
Check temperature with a looooooooong
thermometer probe till the center hits 160 degrees
24. When it's 160 degrees,
Lift or unwrap the hog wire ring and reassemble it
nearby
Peel off the outer “rind” and put it in the ring, stir it
up and cover with the rest of the heap,
Try to place what was in the center along the
outer edge and what was the outer layer in the
center.
Repeat the heating cycle, turn 3-4 times will the
entire pile reaches 165 degrees.
25. The Prize Stuff!!
● Under a microscope, a sample in a drop of water
should have a microbial count of 3000!
● Using 1.5 lbs of compost in a perforated bag
suspended in 5 gallons of water with a fish tank
bubbler for 24 hours yields COMPOST TEA with
a microbial count of up to 300,000!
● Dispense the tea quickly by watering can with
TINY holes, moving steadily, when seeding, and
again in another 10 days.
26. ● Tea, anyone?
Rod's compost tea
brewing system.
Notice tiny watering
can with tiny holes...a
little goes a long way!
27. How Rod uses the Compost and the
Compost Tea
Container crops ● Bottom 2/3 is volcanic
rock (stores lots of
water and air)
● Cheesecloth layer
● Top 1/3 is pure
compost
● Regular watering and
periodic Compost Tea
● No need to change
soil for next crop!
28. ● For transplant pots ● Potting soil is equal
parts:
– Peat moss (soaked)
– Perlite
– Compost
29. Controlling Soil Temp
● Heated water ● Heated water flowing
under sand floors in
greenhouses
● Warmth!
32. Meanwhile, out in the fields...
● Root crops are simply
planted in compost on
top of clay.
● Compost tea (lightly!)
every 10 days
● Nov, 2016
33. ● Turmeric! $$$$$$
● Perennial ground
cover between rows
actually increases
exudates, conserves
water and nutrients
● Notice “weeds”
between rows
34. In Conclusion...
● If life is missing from your soil, give Mother
Nature a jump-start to help re-establish the
normal sets of organisms and, thus, re-establish
normal nutrient cycling.
● If we establish and maintain nutrients and a
diversity of microbes to transform those nutrients
into plant-usable nutrients, the plants can do the
rest.
● Eventually, the plants take care of themselves!
35. Thanks to...
● Rod Pittman, for his knowledge and hospitality
● Janet Hanser, for her photos
Editor's Notes
Everyone knows Rod and has heard his generous invitations to come visit his place near Commerce, the Veggie Patch. Last November, a group of Master Gardeners took him up on the invitation and headed out so see Rod and his operation.
I won't go into details, but suffice it to say it's a several hundred acre place with about 8 acres currently devoted to growing organic veggies, frutis and herbs along with flowers. Some are out in fields, some in greenhouses, some in containers indoors and some outdoors.
Here's Rod! In front of some of his growing houses.
Some of his produce, and this is just a tiny sampling.
Rod's success lies in these three things.
Were going to spend the most time on the first of these and learning about the Soil Food Web, the underlying truth about nurturing the micro-organisms in our soil which will not only sustain our plants but eventually allow the plants to do just about all of the work raising themselves and even increasing their health and yields.
If you attended my soil presentation last year, you'll remember that soil contains minerals (clay, sand and/or silt), air, water and ORGANIC MATTER.
Organic matter, dead and decaying plant, insect and animal material, insect and animal waste, hosts lots of microorganisms doing the decaying process.
Microorganisms are the only “living” part of the soil, capable of reproduction.
So here we have a little plant, newly sprouted or maybe even a small transplant.
I learned a new word....EXUDATES, which are sugars, carbohydrates and protiens sweated out, if you will, by all plants. Most of the exudates are exuded by the roots, but some also by stems and leaves.
So here is my rendition of the plant's roots exuding exudates in the root zone...
Which attracts whatever bacteria and fungi are in the immediate vicinity...
Those bacteria and fungi soak up all the nutrients in the soil surrounding the root zone that the plant was incapable of absorbing and store those nutrients, keeping them in the root zone rather than having them leach out during rain or irrigation. They also reproduce.
NOTE: Typically 80% of inorganic fertilizers leach out, into our water sources because there aren't enough bacteria and fungi to consume all of them. Dr. Elaine Ingham.
The fungi and bacteria are fatter now, having soaked up a lot of nutrients that were not in plant-usable form
All these bacteria and fungi attract higher-order micro-organisms such as beneficial nematodes, protozoa and micro-arthropods.
These eat the bacteria and fungi, extracting the nutrients by a type of squishing function and converting the previously non-plant soluble nutrients into plant-available nutrients in their excrement and castings.
Which allows the lant to produce even more roots, exudates and the whole cycle continues in an ever-growing cycle.
So...
Bacteria and fungi hold on to nutrients.
Plant-available nutrients are released as predator nematodes, protozoa and microarthropods consume the bacteria and fungi.
Plants have much higher level of available nutrients to use, grow faster, stronger, bigger and more productive.
Imagine a huge level field with the fungi count increasing as you moved from one side of the field to the other.
The beginning side of the field would be bare dirt with a few weeds, progressing to short, scruffy grasses, to taller, lusher grasses and beans, peas, lettuces, carrots and other vegetables...
To wheat and tall grasses and corn, milo, and other crops
To small and medium bushes, blueberries and fruit vines
To larger and larger deciduous trees
And finally to old growth hulking forests
As the fungi increase, so do the sizes, roots and lifespans of what will grow.
For example, the site of the orchard was a parking area and building site. After demolition, it grew weeds. The site was nutrient deficient and contained little or no organic matter.
We have worked for over 5 years to increase the organic matter, and therefore the bacteria and fungi population in that soil by composting, mulching, companion planting, permaculture practices. As we have added more and more organic matter, the funi population has grown. Most recently using hugelkulture practice of placing rotting wood around tree roots, covering with compost, then mulch.
I was surprised to see how manageable Rod's compost production is, but it's so potent that a little goes a long way...
I think he had about 4-5 stacks in various stages of readiness when we were there.
If you'll think back, there were three items Rod needed:
Microorganisms
Soil Temperature control
And nutrients
Rod has created giant, walk-on heating pads within greenhouses.
By pumping heated water (heat provided by wood-burning furnaces) in pipes covered with about 4 inches of sand, the entire floor is a growing mat.
Rod sets out his seeded trays right on the floor and has gernimation within a few days.
Some of the seedlings are transplanted into larger containers and grown indoors or out, depending upon the hardiness of the plants
Some possible perennial ground covers to cover the bare soil between crop plants include:
Sedum
Euphorbia
Salvia
Heuchera
Creeping Janny
The exudates of these between row plants preserve the rich bacteria and fungi population, storing more nutrients and creating and preserving more water and air storage cavities.
I would like to thank Janet Hanser for many of the photos,
Rod Pittman for his knowledge and hospitality