This document provides information on the production technology of brinjal. It discusses the botanical details, varieties, soil and climate requirements, cultivation practices including nursery preparation, transplanting, irrigation, fertilizer use, pest and disease management, harvesting and expected yields. It notes that brinjal is widely cultivated in India and is a good source of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Major brinjal growing states include West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Gujarat and Karnataka.

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF
BRINJAL
SITHICK A

2. BRINJAL:
• BOTANICAL NAME : Solanum melongena
• FAMILY : Solanaceae
• ORIGIN : India
• ECONOMIC PART : Immature fruit
• NUTRIENTS : Ca,Mg,P,K
• ACIDS : Linoleic, Linolenic
• PIGMENTS : Anthocyanin
• ALKALOID : Solasodine (bitterness),
• POPULARNAMES : Eggplant, Aubergine
• TAMIL : Katharikai
• MAJOR AREAS : West Bengal,Orissa,Bihar,Gujarat,KA

3. Economic Importance and uses :-
• It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
• The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
• Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates,
1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
• Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
• Dark purple brinjal has more vitamin C than those with white skin.

4. Growth habit & fruit shape:-
• There are four botanical varieties in brinjal:
1. S.melongena var .melongena: Round and egg shaped fruits
2. S.melongena var.serpentinum: Long fruits
3. S.melongena var.depressum: Early and dwarf types
4. S.melongena var. incanum: Prickly andwild types with small fruits
HOR 211

5. TNAU Varieties and Hybrids:-
• CO-1
• CO-2
• PLR-1
• PKM-1
• MDU-1
• PPI(B)-1
• KKM-1
• VRM-1
• COBH-1
• KKM 1 produces egg shaped white colour fruits
• COBH 1 & COBH 2 are hybrid
Consumer preference varies from region to region and from district to district
KKM-1

6. VRM 1

7. Varieties and Hybrids from other Institutes
• ARKA HARSHITHA
• ARKA AVINASH
• ARKA UNNATHI
• ARKA ANAND (F1)
• IIHR-HYBRID
• Annamalai variety is resistant to Aphids
• The varieties Pusa Purple Long, Pusa
Purple Cluster and Pusa Purple Round were released from IARI
• The variety CO 2 is called as Varikathiri
• Ravaiya and Dhuruva are the popular private hybrids

8. Soil and Climate:-
• Fertile well drained loamy soil
• pH:5.5-6.0
• Temperature 25-30°C
• May-June to October
• December-January to May
• Rainy season crop is profitable
Season:-

9. Nursery and Transplanting
• Seed rate for varieties:380-400g/ha
• Hybrids: 200g/ha Protray nursery
• Transplant 30-35 days old seedlings
• Varieties: 60x60 cm
• Hybrids: 90x60 cm
• Mulch with black LDPE sheets of 25 micron thickness and bury both the ends into the soil to a
depth of 10 cm
Manures and fertilizers:-
• Apply 2 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria in the mainfield at planting
• RDF Basal dose: FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 50:50:30 kg/ha
• Top dressing: 50 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during earthingup
• RDF: Recommended Dose of Fertilizers

10. Irrigation:-
• Though brinjal cannot tolerate water logging, timely irrigation is essential especially
for fruit set and development.
• In plains, irrigation is required at every third or 4th day during summer while in winter
it should be at 10-15 days interval.
• During winter, care should be taken to keep soil moist to avoid croploss due to frost
injury.
• Being a row planted crop, drip irrigation is advantageous and water used in drip
irrigation is only 24.47 cm compared to 69.18 cm under furrow method.

11. Weed management:-
• Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg ai / ha as pre-emergence herbicide,
followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting.
• Spray 2 ppm (1 ml in 500 lit) Triacontanol plus Sodium Borate or Borax 35 mg/l of water 15 days
after transplanting and at the time of full bloom to increase the yield
• Whole plant spray of 2-4, D (2 ppm) at an interval of one week from 60-70 days after planting from
commencement of flowering increase fruit set, early yield and total yield in brinjal.
Growth regulators:-

12. Pest and Diseases
• Shoot and Fruit borer
• Jassids/hoppers
• Epilachna/hadda beetle
• Mites
• Bacterial wilt
• Fungal wilt
• Phomopsis blight
• Little leaf
• Mosaic
• Damping off

13. White fly Phomopsis blight Little Leaf

14. Physiological Disorders:-
Poor fruit set Crack Sun scald

15. Grafting in Brinjal:-
• Brinjal is one of the important vegetable crops grown across the India for its unique taste, nutritive
value and texture.
• It is highly susceptible to root knot nematodes and dry root rot causing a yield loss up to 70%.
• There are no varieties or hybrids available which are resistant to these diseases
• Grafting is a method of propagation in crop plants to boost up plant growth and development by
increasing the uptake of nutrients and also have resistance to soil borne diseases with suitable
rootstocks.
• Among the rootstocks tried Solanum torvum was found to be compatible one with brinjal scions
and wedge grafting method found to be an ideal method for brinjal grafting

16. Ratooning in grafted brinjal:-
• Probably 5month after planting
• Ratooning can be done by removing all the branches and main stem is
beheaded 15-20 cm above the graft union
• Boredaux mixture paste is applied at the cut ends
• Apply 150:100:100kg NPK/ha and irrigate the field
• Four-five main branches alone have to be retained and all the other weak
branches are removed.
• The yield will be around 45 tonnes/hectare
• Two ratooning are possible

17. Harvesting and yield:-
• Brinjal fruits are harvested at immature stage after attaining full size, but before loosing its glossy
appearance
• Dullness of fruit indicates over maturity. Usually fruits are harvested along with its stalk with a
slight twist by hand
• In some varieties, a sharp knife is also used for harvesting fruits along with fleshy calyx and a
portion of fruit stalk
• The harvested fruits are graded and packed in baskets or in loose gunny bags.
• Care should be taken to remove the fruits affected by Phomopsis blight
• Early short duration varieties: 20-30 t/ha
• Long duration varieties: 35-40 t/ha
• FI hybrids: 55-80 t/ha

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