#Investigatory project on fertilizer #fertilizer #manure #organic manure #artificial manure A project based on Investigatory project on fertilizer .and fertilizer and its advantages and disadvantages made by ABHISHEK MISHRA SATNA abhishek_mishra_09 dr.deepak mishra mandsaur

1. GUARDIAN & GUIDE HR SEC SCHOOl
SATNA (M.P)
NAME : ABHISHEK MISHRA
CLASS : XII
ROLL NO. :
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
TITLE : INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ON FERTILIZATION
SUBMITTED TO : MR.VINAY SONI

2. CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that, the original and
genuine investigation work has been carried
out to investigate about the subject matter and
the related data collection and investigation
has been completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily by - ABHISHEK MISHRA of
CLASS XII ,GUARDIAN & GUIDE HR SEC
SCHOOL (SATNA) , regarding his project
titled
‘INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON FERTILIZATION’
Teacher’s signature : ..............................
Principal’s signature : ...............................
Examiner’s signature : ...............................

3. ACKNOWlEDGEMENTS
I am equally grateful to my teacher MR. VINAY
SONI .He gave me mora l support and guided me in
different matters regarding the topic. He had been
very kind and patient while suggesting me the outlines
of this project and correcting my doubts. I thank her for
Him overall support.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank my
parents and my friends who helped me a lot in
gathering different information, collecting data and
guiding me from time to time in making this project.
Despite their busy schedules, they gave me different
ideas in making this project unique.
Thank you ,
ABHISHEK MISHRA
XII

4. To grow healthy crops full of nutrients, farmers need
to ensure they have healthy soil. Without fertilizers,
nature struggles to replenish the nutrients in the soil.
A balanced nutrient supply from the soil is the
foundation to help large populations avoid nutrient
deficiency related health problems.
PURPOSE
To grow healthy crops full of nutrients, farmers need
to ensure they have healthy soil. Without fertilizers,
nature struggles to replenish the nutrients in the soil.
A balanced nutrient supply from the soil is the
foundation to help large populations avoid nutrient
deficiency related health problems.
To grow healthy crops full of nutrients, farmers need
to ensure they have healthy soil. Without fertilizers,
nature struggles to replenish the nutrients in the soil.
A balanced nutrient supply from the soil is the
foundation to help large populations avoid nutrient

5. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCATION
 AIM
 THEORY
 ClASSIFICATION OF FERTIlIZERS
 MAIN CHEMICAl FERTIlIZERS
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
 CONClUSION
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 TEACHER’S REMARKS

6. INTRODUCATION
Fertilization increases efficiency and obtains better
quality of product recovery in agricultural activities.
It is one of the most important ways. Non
fertilizers mainly contain phosphate, nitrate,
ammonium and potassium sa
considered to be source of natural radionuclides and
heavy metals as a potential source. It contains a large
majority of the heavy metals like Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Ni,
and Cu; natural radion
Fertilization may affect the accumulation of heavy metals
in soil and plant system. Plants absorb the fertilizers
through the soil, they can enter the food chain. Thus,
fertilization leads to water, soil and air pollution
INTRODUCATION
Fertilization increases efficiency and obtains better
quality of product recovery in agricultural activities.
It is one of the most important ways. Non-
fertilizers mainly contain phosphate, nitrate,
ammonium and potassium salts. Fertilizer industry is
considered to be source of natural radionuclides and
heavy metals as a potential source. It contains a large
majority of the heavy metals like Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Ni,
and Cu; natural radionuclide like U, Th, and
ization may affect the accumulation of heavy metals
in soil and plant system. Plants absorb the fertilizers
through the soil, they can enter the food chain. Thus,
fertilization leads to water, soil and air pollution
Fertilization increases efficiency and obtains better
quality of product recovery in agricultural activities.
-organic
fertilizers mainly contain phosphate, nitrate,
lts. Fertilizer industry is
considered to be source of natural radionuclides and
heavy metals as a potential source. It contains a large
majority of the heavy metals like Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Ni,
uclide like U, Th, and Po
ization may affect the accumulation of heavy metals
in soil and plant system. Plants absorb the fertilizers
through the soil, they can enter the food chain. Thus,
fertilization leads to water, soil and air pollution

7. AIM
The goal of research on fertilizer rate is to
determine the amount of fertilizer needed to
achieve a commercial crop yield with sufficient
quality that is economically acceptable for the
grower

8. THEORY
A fertilizer is that substance which is used to make soil
more fertile such as manure or a mixture of nitrates. It
is applied to the soils or to plant tissues to supply one
or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
Hence, we can say in other words that the fertilizers are
the chemical substances which are directly respondent
for the substantial growth of the plants or crops and
being supply the nutrients in the form of nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium etc and keep the soils fertile.
The goal of research on fertilizer rate is to determine
the amount of fertilizer needed to achieve a commercial
crop yield with sufficient quality that is economically
acceptable for the grower.
Fertilizers enhance the growth of plants. This goal is
met in two ways, the traditional one being additives
that provide nutrients. The second mode by which
some fertilizers act is to enhance the effectiveness of
the soil by modifying its water retention and aeration

9. ClASSIFICATION OF FERTIlIZERS
The fertilizers are classified on the basis of the
nature of nutrient elements like Nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium (NPK) present chemically
in the compounds. There are various nitrogenous
chemical fertilizers like ammonium sulphate,
calcium ammonium nitrate, basic calcium nitrate,
calcium cyanamide (nitrolium), urea etc. Obviously
these fertilizers supply nitrogen to the soil.
Similarly there are various phosphatic chemical
fertilizers like super phosphate of lime, triple super
phosphate etc and potash chemical fertilizers like
potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium
sulphate etc. Thus phosphatic and potash chemical
fertilizers supply phosphorus and potassium to the
soil respectively.
There are also some chemical fertilizers of
different composition like that of nitrogen
phosphorus (NP) fertilizers in which nitrogenous
and phosphatic fertilizers are mixed up in a
definite and proper ratio.

10. The fertilizers like dehydrogenate ammoniated
phosphate, calcium super phosphate etc are NP
fertilizers. Sometimes NPK fertilizers are composed
to supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
simultaneously to the soil
Main chemical fertilizers
 Ammonium sulphate
for the raising the production level of crops like
paddy, potato etc. In thi
25% ammonia which is transformed into the
nitrate by the denitrifying bacteria present in the
alkaline soil. Thus these nitrates are easily
absorbed by the crops and plants. This fertilizer is
produced in India at large sca
Jharkhand.
The fertilizers like dehydrogenate ammoniated
phosphate, calcium super phosphate etc are NP
fertilizers. Sometimes NPK fertilizers are composed
supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
simultaneously to the soil.
Main chemical fertilizers
Ammonium sulphate = This is a nitrogenous
fertilizer which is used
for the raising the production level of crops like
paddy, potato etc. In this fertilizer there is nearly
25% ammonia which is transformed into the
nitrate by the denitrifying bacteria present in the
Thus these nitrates are easily
absorbed by the crops and plants. This fertilizer is
produced in India at large scale at Sindri in
The fertilizers like dehydrogenate ammoniated
phosphate, calcium super phosphate etc are NP
fertilizers. Sometimes NPK fertilizers are composed
supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium all
This is a nitrogenous
fertilizer which is used
for the raising the production level of crops like
s fertilizer there is nearly
25% ammonia which is transformed into the
nitrate by the denitrifying bacteria present in the
Thus these nitrates are easily
absorbed by the crops and plants. This fertilizer is
le at Sindri in

11.  Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
nitrogenous fertilizer in which the amount
of nitrogen is about 20 which is directly
absorbed by the plants. On mixing it
no any side effect
the extreme solubility in water it is easily
intermixed in the soil.
alcium Ammonium Nitrate = This is also a
nitrogenous fertilizer in which the amount
of nitrogen is about 20 which is directly
the plants. On mixing it
no any side effect appears in the soil and due to
the extreme solubility in water it is easily
intermixed in the soil.
= This is also a
nitrogenous fertilizer in which the amount
of nitrogen is about 20 which is directly
the plants. On mixing it in the soil
appears in the soil and due to
the extreme solubility in water it is easily

12.  Super Phosphate of lime
mixture of calcium dehydrogenate
phosphate [Ca H2 (P04)2] and Gypsum
[CaS04.2H20] in which 16
The reactive component of this fertilizer is
calcium dehydrogenate phosphate which is
soluble in water.
is triple super phosphate of lime which is also
used on the behalf of super phosphate of lime
and it is prepared by the micro powder of bones
.
Super Phosphate of lime = This is a
homogeneous
mixture of calcium dehydrogenate
phosphate [Ca H2 (P04)2] and Gypsum
[CaS04.2H20] in which 16-20% P20S exists.
The reactive component of this fertilizer is
calcium dehydrogenate phosphate which is
soluble in water. Another phospha
is triple super phosphate of lime which is also
used on the behalf of super phosphate of lime
and it is prepared by the micro powder of bones
This is a
homogeneous
mixture of calcium dehydrogenate
phosphate [Ca H2 (P04)2] and Gypsum
20% P20S exists.
The reactive component of this fertilizer is
calcium dehydrogenate phosphate which is
Another phosphatic fertilizer
is triple super phosphate of lime which is also
used on the behalf of super phosphate of lime
and it is prepared by the micro powder of bones

13.  UREA = This is obtained by heating the
mixture of carbon dioxide at 125
150°C and at about 8.5 atmospheric pressure
In urea there is nearly 46% nitrogen and this
fertilizer is used
into the soil but this fertilizer is never brought
in the contact of th
on the soil, water is supplied 3
his is obtained by heating the
mixture of carbon dioxide at 125
t about 8.5 atmospheric pressure
In urea there is nearly 46% nitrogen and this
fertilizer is used during introducing the seed
into the soil but this fertilizer is never brought
in the contact of the seed. After spreading urea
water is supplied 3-4 days late
his is obtained by heating the
mixture of carbon dioxide at 125-
t about 8.5 atmospheric pressure .
In urea there is nearly 46% nitrogen and this
during introducing the seed
into the soil but this fertilizer is never brought
After spreading urea
4 days late.

14.  Calcium Cyanamid
a nitrogenous fertilizer
market as a mixture of [Ca (CN)2] and carbon.
This fertilizer is used before introducing seed
into the soil but never used for the growth
purposes of the crops
Calcium Cyanamid : This is also called
Nitrolim and it is basically
a nitrogenous fertilizer which is supplied in the
market as a mixture of [Ca (CN)2] and carbon.
This fertilizer is used before introducing seed
into the soil but never used for the growth
purposes of the crops .
: This is also called
Nitrolim and it is basically
is supplied in the
market as a mixture of [Ca (CN)2] and carbon.
This fertilizer is used before introducing seed
into the soil but never used for the growth

15. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The Study is beneficial to :
 FARMER & GARDENERS : The benefit of this
study will help them to improve the quality of their
product , save time with their work and get a .
higher profit.
 ENVIRONMENT : This study will help our
environment by helping the soil and plant to
sustain their needs and provide the essential
nutrients required for optimum growth.
 AGRO COMPAN :This study will help them to
give a good service to their customer by giving
them a high and good quality product.
( Rice ,Wheat , vegetable & fruits )
 COMMUNITY: It helf the community to sense
this as a source of income if made into a business.

16. CONClUSION
 ADVANTAGES OF FERTIlISER
 It increases crop yield and improves
poor quality land.
 Manure improves soil texture, recycles
nitrogen and introduces essential
bacteria.
 Pasture is improved so animals fatten
up quicker.
 Once marshland is drained, fertilisers
can help reclaim that land for pasture.
 Crops grow faster – particularly when
hybrid seeds are used.

17.  DISADVANTAGES OF FERTIlISER
 Fertilisers are costly.
 Continuous use of fertilizers in an area
can destroy soil fertility because the
organic matter in the soil is not
replenished.
 Their addition can have harmful effects
on the soil such as soil acidification,
persistence of toxic organic compounds
and accumulation.
 The use of fertilizers on a global scale
emits significant quantities of
greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.