different types of fertilizers and manures used in aquaculture

1. PRESENTED BY : APARNA KUMARI
L-2014-F-07-M

2.  Primary production of aquaculture ponds can
be augmented by increasing the availability of
plant nutrients through fertilizer/manure
applications.
 Greater primary productivity leads to a higher
abundance of natural food organisms i.e
Planktons.
 With the production of primary producers, the
whole food chain is activated which enhances
the aquaculture productivity.
 Substances that increase nutrient
concentrations to enhance the growth of
primary producers are called fertilizers or
manures.

4. SDT Bloom condition Pond
productivity
status
>40 cm Poor bloom Non productive- needs
manuring/fertilization
20-40 cm Normal bloom Productive and fertile-
need no additional
manuring/fertilization
<15cm Thick bloom Highly productive and
fertile. Bloom is
required to be removed
and no fertilization
required

5. Sandy or sandy loamy soils with
low organic matter
Organic manures
Sandy or sandy loamy soils with
low organic matter.
Organic manures
Loamy soils with medium organic
matter
Combination of organic manures
and inorganic fertilizers
Clayey or clayey loam soils with
high organic matter
Inorganic fertilizers

6. Organic manures
Livestock waste
Cow dung
Poultry droppings or duck droppings
Pig dung
Compost(decomposed organic
manures)
Made from variety of livestock waste and
plant materials , e.g vermicompost
Liquid manures
Biogass slurry
Animal shed washings like cattle sheds,
pigsites
Treated sewage water
Green manures
Leguminous plants are grown at the pond
bottom and ploghed into soil before filling
water
In situ killing of existing aquatic weeds
 Bio fertilizers( live fertilizers)
Application of azolla- an N-fixing aquatic
fern
Inorganic fertilizers
N- Fertilizers
Urea- for acidic to neutral
soils
Calcium Ammonium
Nitrate –for acidic soils
Ammonium sulphate- for
alkaline soils
P- fertilizers
Single Super
phosphate(SSP)
Di-ammonium
phosphate(DAP)
K-Fertilizers
Murrate of potash
Potassium sulphate

7. ADVANTAGES
•Easily available and
cheap.
•Provides all the
essential nutrients.
•Nutrients available for
longer period of time.
•Improves bottom soil
i.e. increases the water
holding capacity.
•Reduces turbidity.
DISADVANTAGES
•Required in large quantity.
•Slow release of nutrients
hence cannot keep pace
with plankton production
during growth phase.
•Can lead to DO depletion
also.
•Pollute water.
•Risk of pathogens-disease
occurrence.

8. ADVANTAGES
•Nutrients readily
available.
•Quick in action.
•Accurate amount of
nutrients can be applied.
•No oxygen depletion.
DISADVANTAGES
•Very costly.
•Not easily available.
•Combinations of fertilizers
required.
•No carbon source.
•Effective for short period
cause of nutrient loss through
seepage.

9. Manures Organic
Carbon
C:N Ratio N P K
Cow dung 1.47% 16 0.02% 1.2% 0.4%
Pig dung 0.845% 10-20 0.08% 0.7% 0.5%
Poultry
droppings
5-15 1.0-1.8% 1.4-1.8% 0.8-0.9%
Slurry 35-38.40% 25-30 1.4-1.8% 1.10-
1.72%
0.84-1.34
vermicom
post
12-15 1.5-2.5% 1.25-
2.25%

10. Manures Total dose
kg/acre/yr
Pre-stocking
dose kg/acre
(1/4th of total)
Post- stocking
dose
Kg/acre/fortnig
ht
Cow dung 8000 2000 250
Poultry
drooping(PD)
4000 1000 125
CD+PD(1:1) 6000 1500 200
Pig dung 8000 2000 250
Vermicompost 7000 1750 200-225
Biogass slurry 8000 2000 250-300 L
OR
20L daily

11. Fertilizers Total dose
kg/acre/yr
Pre-stocking
dose kg/acre
Post –stocking
dose
kg/acre/month
Urea+SSP 80+100-120 80+50 0+5-6
DAP 40-50 20 2
Potash 15-20 15-20 0

12. Fertilizers Manures
Nutrients from artificial sources. Nutrients from natural sources.
Mineral origin. Natural or organic origin.
High nutrient content. Low nutrients compare to fertilizers
Simple salts. Very complex
Only specific nutrient. Organic nutrients contain all nutrients.
Very costly and not easily
available.
Cheap and easily available.
Nutrients readily available. Slow release of nutrients.

13.  Broadcasting
 Platforms and bags

14.  Solid, granular fertilizers often are broadcast over pond
surfaces
 Fertilizers do not dissolve completely while settling through
the water, but they finish dissolving while laying on the
pond bottom.
 This favours adsorption of phosphate by the soil, and if
water circulation in ponds is not good, nutrients that
dissolve into the bottom water may not enter the
illuminated upper layers for use by phytoplankton.
 Instantly soluble fertilizers can be braodcast over the entire
surfaces of ponds. The particles will dissolve before settling
out of the epilimnon.

15.  This method prevents phosphorus fertilizer from
settling to the pond bottom,apparently decreasing the
rate at which phophorus from the fertilizer is
adsorbed by bottom muds.
 This method reduces fertilizer requirements by 20-
40%.
 Platforms should be about 30cm underwater and one
platform with an area of about 4m.sq. is adequate for
2-4 ha of pond area.
 Fertilizer is poured onto the platform and water
currents distribute nutrients as they dissolve.
 Platforma also are sutaible for exposing controlled
release fertilizers to the water.

16.  Fertilizers also have been placed in porous bags
and suspended in pond water st different places in
the pond.
 The nutrients disslove and seep out of the bags to
be mixed by water currents.
 Plastic bags of fertilizer can be laid on the
pondbottom, and upper surface of the bag cut
away to expose the fertilizer to the water.
 Platforms are superior to either of the bag
techniques mentioned above, but their
construction requires more effort than the use of
bags.