People as resource

CLASS IX NCERT CHAPTER 2
SUBJECT – S.SC. (ECONOMICS)
PRESENTED BY – MAHENDRA KUMAR
महेंद्र पारीक1
PEOPLE AS RESOURCE

POPULATION: A LIABILITY OR AN ASSET

POPULATION: A LIABILITY OR AN ASSET
Population as an asset for the economy rather than a liability.
Population becomes human capital when there is investment
made in the form of education, training and medical care.
In fact, human capital is the stock of skill and productive
knowledge embodied in them.

Assets vs. Liabilities
 Assets
Assets add value to your company and increase your family’s/
company’s/country’s income. assets are those items that can be
transformed into cash or that generates income for the
enterprise shortly.
 Liabilities
Liabilities decrease your family’s/ company’s/country’s
income. Liabilities are items that are obligations for a business

Population - Asset & not liability. How ?
 Human resource can make best use of land and capital
 Land and capital cannot become useful on its own
 Child with investment can lead to higher earning & greater
contribution to society – STORY OF SAKAL
 Uneducated people create a vicious cycle of disadvantaged
state/family – STORY OFVILAS
 Education adds to quality of labour that leads to Increases
productivity and resulted in growth of economy

 Education & healthy human makes human capital formation
that make good return of investment
 Japan – with no natural resource, only human resource is one
of developed countries
 Working population with skill & productivity make an asset
 Working population contribute to GDP/GNP
 SKILLEDANDWELLTRAINED PERSON MAKE
POSSIBLE green revolution /IT revolution /skill india
campaign

 GDP measures the total value of goods (primary
&secondary) and services (tertiary) produced within a
country's borders, by citizens and non-citizens alike in a
particular time i.e. one year.
 GNP measures the total value of goods (primary
&secondary) and services (tertiary) produced by only a
country's citizens but both domestically and abroad.

Activities on the basis of nature
of activity that is undertaken.
 Economic Activities
 Primary Sector (extraction of raw materials):Agriculture,
forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, and mining.
 Secondary Sector(manufacturing): Quarrying and
manufacturing
 Tertiary Sector (services) : Trade, transport, communication,
banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance etc.
 The Quaternary Sector, which we also appeal to the
'knowledge sector

Market based activities -
 Economic Activities
 Economic Activity: for Market - Activity for pay or profit
– Production of Goods & Services
 Non-Economic Activity: not for market -Activity for
self-consumption – Primary products

 Sexual Division of Labour –
Men (fields) &Women
(domestic)
 The household work done by
women is not recognised in the
National Income
 Women – Meagre education, low
skill formation, low wages,
absence of maternity leave,
childcare & social security systems
for unorganized sector.
 Women are paid for their work
when they enter the labour market

Quality of Population
 Education -
 It enhances the national income Cultural richness Efficiency of
governance
 Quality elementary education_RTE 2009 – 21A_W.e.f.01/04/2010
 Pace setting school NavodayaVidyalaya
 The expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP is rising day by
day. Five year plan
 Sarva SikshaAbhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary
education to all children in the age group of 6–14 years
 Bridge courses and back-to-school camps
 MID DAY MEAL to encourage attendance and retention of children and
improve their nutritional status
 Education as Catalyst
 Vocational Education IT education opening new universities

Quality of Population
 Health -
 The health of a person helps him to realise his/her potential and
the ability to fight illness. No firm hires unhealthy persons.
 Our national policy must focus on health.
 Over the last five decades, India has built a vast healt
infrastructure and has also developed the manpower required in it.

Unemployment
 Definition – Unemployment is said to exist when 15 to 59
years physically and mentally fit people who are willing to work
at the going wages cannot find jobs.
 In case of rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised
unemployment.
 Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment.

Seasonal unemployment
 Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to
find jobs during some months of the year.
 Agricultural workers get employment in busy seasons when
sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done.
 Certain months do not provide much work to the people
dependent on agriculture

Disguised Unemployment
 In disguised unemployment people appear
to be employed.They have agricultural
plot where they find work.This usually
happens among family members engaged
in agricultural activity.
 The work requires the service of five
people but engages eight people.The
contribution made by the three extra
people does not add to the productivity of
the field.
 If three people are removed the
productivity of the field will not decline.
the three extra people are disguised
unemployed

Educated Unemployment
 In urban areas Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post
graduation degrees are not able to find job.A study showed that
unemployment of graduate and post-graduate has increased faster than
among matriculates.
 A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as surplus of manpower
in certain categories coexist with shortage of manpower in others.
 There is unemployment among technically qualified person on one
hand, while there is a dearth of technical skills required for economic
growth

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ALMIGHTY GOD
NCERT
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People as resource

People as resource

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