The document discusses political parties in India. It begins by defining what a political party is and their key functions, which include contesting elections, putting forward policies, making laws, forming governments, and acting as opposition. It then discusses the types of political parties in India, distinguishing between national parties and state or regional parties. The national parties that are recognized by the Election Commission are discussed. Finally, it outlines some challenges faced by political parties such as lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, money and muscle power influence, and lack of meaningful choice for voters.
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
Hope you like it.
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER our detailed election process constituencies candidate nomination challenges to election process
The power point explains about the chapter Manufacturing Industries that is to be studied in class 10 geography( chapter 6). The chapter is explained in detail with pictures.The contents explained in this chapter are
1. Manufacturing and its importance
2. Factors affecting location of Industry
3. classification of industry
a. based on source of raw material
i. agro based industries
ii. mineral based industries
b. based on their main role
i. basic or key industries
ii. consumer industries
c. based on capital investment
i. small scale industries
ii. large scale industries
d. based on ownership
i. private sector
ii.public sector
iii.joint sector
iv. corporative sector
e. based on bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods
i.heavy industries
ii.light industries
4. agro -based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
5. mineral based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
6. environment degradation and pollution
7. controlling environment degradation and pollution
8. national thermal power corporation
Politics of planned development
Ideas of development
Idea of five year plan
Goals of five year plan
First five year plan
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
Agriculture Vs. Industry
Land reforms
The green revolution
The white revolution
Farmers using new technology
Public Vs. Private sector
development of agricultural
euility
modernisation
Self Reliance
Growth
Bombay Plan.
Planning Commission
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that defined the principles of the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947, India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia, known as Greater India.
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER political parties components of political parties national and state parties how can political parties are reformed
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
Hope you like it.
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER our detailed election process constituencies candidate nomination challenges to election process
The power point explains about the chapter Manufacturing Industries that is to be studied in class 10 geography( chapter 6). The chapter is explained in detail with pictures.The contents explained in this chapter are
1. Manufacturing and its importance
2. Factors affecting location of Industry
3. classification of industry
a. based on source of raw material
i. agro based industries
ii. mineral based industries
b. based on their main role
i. basic or key industries
ii. consumer industries
c. based on capital investment
i. small scale industries
ii. large scale industries
d. based on ownership
i. private sector
ii.public sector
iii.joint sector
iv. corporative sector
e. based on bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods
i.heavy industries
ii.light industries
4. agro -based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
5. mineral based industry in brief with example including pictures and maps
6. environment degradation and pollution
7. controlling environment degradation and pollution
8. national thermal power corporation
Politics of planned development
Ideas of development
Idea of five year plan
Goals of five year plan
First five year plan
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
Agriculture Vs. Industry
Land reforms
The green revolution
The white revolution
Farmers using new technology
Public Vs. Private sector
development of agricultural
euility
modernisation
Self Reliance
Growth
Bombay Plan.
Planning Commission
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that defined the principles of the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947, India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia, known as Greater India.
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER political parties components of political parties national and state parties how can political parties are reformed
Parties are the pillars of democracy popular leaders are elected as rulers - leaders are elected to serve the people - those who wanted to be elected they must serve better - parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. Complete Answer India adopted a multi party system because of the social and geographical diversity of the nation. Through this system different and diverse parties could represent the sections of the society and power does not absorb in the hands of one single party. Dr. Bibi Fatima "Party Politics in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49726.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/49726/party-politics-in-india/dr-bibi-fatima
Democratic Politics Chapter 6 Grade 10 CBSE [ Political Parties ] I hope this way of learning this chapter will prove to b ve ry interestiing for the students
A presentation for class 10th students for their chapter 6 of politics book (NCERT). this ppt will tell students about the national parties in our country, the problems faced by them and their role in our politics
Means of Transportations
Roadways
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
• National Highways
State Highways:
District Roads
Other Roads
Border Road
Railways
Pipelines
Waterways
Major Sea Ports
Airways
Communication
International Trade
Tourism as a Trade
GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY CLASS 10 X NCERT CBSEMahendra SST
How do we understand these rapid transformations?
PRODUCTION ACROSS COUNTRY
SPREADING Of PRODUCTION By MNC –
INTERLINKING PRODUCTION ACROSS COUNTRY-
MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local companies.
FOREIGN TRADE AND INTEGRATION OF MARKET –
WHAT IS GLOBALISATION-
FACTORS THAT ENABLED GLOBALISATION-
LIBERLISATION –
Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is what is known as liberalisation.
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION-
DEVELOPMENT
What is Development –
What Development Promises – Different People Different Goal
Income And Other Goal
National Development
How To Compare Different Countries Or States
Income And Other Criteria
Public Facilities
Sustainability of Development
ncert cbse class 10ecinomics
2 role of the government in health class vii 7Mahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS SUBJECT SPL CHAPTER ROLE OF GOVT IN HEALTH What is health?
THE COST OF A CURE
Division Of Health Services
(a) Public health services and
(b) Private health facilities
Is adequate healthcare available to all?
What can be done?
The Kerala experience
The Costa Rican approach
1 tracing changes through a thousand yearsMahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 67HISORY CHAPTER 1
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 6 HISORY CHAPTER WHAT WHERE HOW AND WHEN
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 6 HISORY CHAPTER WHAT WHERE HOW AND WHEN
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 8 CHAPTER permanent settlement ryotwari and mahalwari system holt mackenzi charles cornwalis indigo and blue rebellion
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER poverty as challenge poverty definition poverty social exclusion vulnerability poverty line method causes of poverty
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER the story of village palampur factors of production farming in palampur non farming activities land labour physical capital fixed capital working capital human capital
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE CLASS 6 CHAPTER GOVERNMENT ITS FUNCTIONS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MONARCHY AND DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC REPRESENTATIVE GOVT RIGHT TO VOTE
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 6 CHAPTER IN THE EARLIEST CITIES HARAPPAN CIVILISATION MOHANJODARO KALIBANGAN GREAT BATH FIRE ALTER LOTHAL DOCKYARD
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER money and credit barter system modern form of noney formal and informal sectors of credit collateral terms of credit
Cbse NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER classifications of minerals conventional and non conventional energy resources
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. NCERT CLASS X CHAPTER
SUBJECT – DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
PRESENTED BY MAHENDRA KUMAR
MAHENDRA PAREEK
1
POLITICAL PARTIES
2. Ponder about these questions
MAHENDRA PAREEK
2
Why do we need parties?
How many parties are good for a democracy?
The role of political parties in the rise of democracies, in the
formation of constitutional designs, in electoral politics and in the
making and working of governments is very important
political parties as vehicles of federal sharing of political power
and as negotiators of social divisions in the arena of democratic
politics
3. Why do we need political parties?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
3
For Most ordinary citizens, democracy is equal to political parties
who may not know anything about our Constitution /nature of
our government. But they may know something about our
political parties
Parties have become identified with social and political divisions.
Let us first answer what political parties are and what they do,
before we say why we need them.
4. What are Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
4
Political party is a group of people who come together to
contest elections and hold power in the government.
They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with
a view to promote the collective good.
Parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than
others.They seek to implement these policies by winning popular
support through elections.
Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve
PARTISANSHIP
5. What are Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
5
A political party
has three
components:
The leaders
The active
members
The followers
6. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
6
1 Parties contest elections. In most democracies, elections
are fought mainly among the candidates put up by political
parties.
In USA, members and supporters of a party choose its
candidates.
In India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting
elections
7. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
7
2 Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters
choose from them. In a democracy, a large number of similar opinions have to
be grouped together to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated
by the governments.This is what the parties do.
A party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions which it
supports.
A government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the RULING
PARTY.
Ruling Party: Political party that runs government
8. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
8
3 Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
Formally, laws are debated and passed in the legislature. But since
most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of
the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinions.
9. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
9
4 Parties form and run governments. Parties recruit leaders,
train them and then make them ministers to run the government
in the way they want.
10. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
10
5Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of
opposition to the parties in power, by voicing different
views and criticizing government for its failures or wrong
policies.
Opposition parties also mobilise opposition to the
government
11. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
11
6 Parties shape public opinion.They raise and highlight
issues by launching movements for the resolution
Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political
parties among different sections of society. Parties sometimes
also of problems faced by people.
12. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
12
7 Parties provide people access to government machinery and
welfare schemes implemented by governments.
they feel close to parties than a government officer even when they
do not fully trust them.
Parties have to be esponsive to people’s needs and demands.
Otherwise people can reject those parties in the next elections.
13. Functions of Political Parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
13
Summary
1 Parties contest elections
2 Parties put forward different policies and programmes
3 Parties make laws for a country
4 Parties form and run governments
5 Losing party play the role of opposition
6 Parties shape public opinion
7 Parties provide people access to government machinery
and welfare schemes implemented by governments
14. Why parties are a necessary condition for democracy ?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
14
Imagine a situation without parties
Independent candidates _ local responsibility _ how the country
will be run. _ So no promises to the people about any major policy
changes.
The government may be formed, but its utility will remain ever
uncertain.
Non-party based elections to the panchayat _ village gets split into
more than one faction _ that puts up a ‘panel’ of its candidates.
This is exactly what the party does.That is the reason we find
political parties in almost all countries of the world.
We need political parties to gather different views on various issues
and to present these to the government
15. How many parties should we have?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
15
In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party.
More than 750 parties are registered with the Election Commission
of India.
16. MAHENDRA PAREEK
16
One-party systems-one party is allowed to control and
run the government.These are called one-party systems.We
cannot consider one-party system as a good option because
this is not a democratic option.Any democratic system must
allow at least two parties to compete in elections and provide
a fair chance for the competing parties to come to power.
Example- Chiana – Communist Party Of China
17. MAHENDRA PAREEK
17
Two-party system- Countries in which only the two main
parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to
form government.
Great Britain has had two successive two-party alignments:
Conservative and Liberal
The USA two-party system has Republican and
Democratic
18. Multiparty system-
MAHENDRA PAREEK
18
Multiparty system-If several parties compete for power, and
more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to
power either on their own strength or in alliance with others.
Example – India and Sweden
19. MAHENDRA PAREEK
19
Alliance or a front-When several parties in a multi-party
system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and
winning power, it is called an alliance or a front.
The United Progressive Alliance UPA andThe National
Democratic Alliance (NDA)
20. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
20
These parties have their units in various states all these units follow
the same policies, programmes and strategy that are decided at the
national level.These are called national parties
Every party in the country has to register with the Election
Commission..
These parties are given a unique symbol – only the official
candidates of that party can use that election symbol. Parties that get
this privilege and some other special facilities are ‘recognised’ by the
Election Commission for this purpose.That is why these parties are
called,‘recognised political parties’.
21. Conditions to be called National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
21
In order to be a recognized party. A party that secures at least
six per cent of the total votes in an election to the
Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats
is recognised as a State party.
A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes
in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States
and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised
as a national party.
22. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
22
Indian National Congress (INC)
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M)
Communist Party of India (CPI)
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP).
23. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
23
Indian National Congress (INC): Congress Party _ Founded in
1885
Played a dominant role in Indian politics after India’s Independence
Ruling party at the Centre till 1977 and then from 1980 to 1989.
A centrist party (neither rightist nor leftist) in its ideological
orientation, the party espouses secularism and welfare of weaker
sections and minorities .
Supports new economic reforms but with a human face. Leader of
the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government from 2004 to
2014.
Currently it is the principal opposition party in the Lok Sabha
24. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
24
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) - Formed in 1984 by Kanshi Ram.
Bahujan Samaj _ Dalits _ Adivasis _ OBC _ religious minorities.
Stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the
Dalits and oppressed people
Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj,
Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb
Ambedkar.
It has its main base in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Formed
government in Uttar Pradesh.
25. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
25
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP): Founded in 1980 by Bharatiya Jana
Sangh (by Syama Prasad Mukherjee) in 1951.
Inspired by India’s ancient culture and values and Deendayal Upadhyaya’s
ideas of integral humanism andAntyodaya.
Cultural nationalism (or‘Hindutva’) is an important element in its
conception of Indian nationhood and politics.
Wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with
India (act 370), a uniform civil code (article 44) for all people living in the
country irrespective of religion, and ban on religious conversions.
Came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National DemocraticAlliance
(NDA) including several regional parties . Emerged as the largest party
with 282 members in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections . Currently leads the
ruling NDA government at the Centre with 303 MP in LokSabha
26. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
26
Communist Party of India - (CPI) _ Formed in 1925.
Believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy. Opposed
to the forces of secessionism अलगाव and communalism साांप्रदायिकता .
Accepts parliamentary democracy as a means of promoting the
interests of the working class , farmer s and the poor.
Became weak after the split in the party in 1964 that led to the
formation of the CPI(M).
Significant presence in the states of Kerala,West Bengal, Punjab,
Andhra Pradesh andTamil Nadu. Its support base had gradually
declined over the years.
27. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
27
Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M) Founded in
1964.
Believes in Marxism Leninism. Supports socialism, secularism and
democracy and opposes imperialism साम्राज्यवाद and
communalism.
Accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful means for
securing the objective of socioeconomic justice in India.
Enjoys strong support inWest Bengal, Kerala andTripura, especially
among the poor , factory workers, farmers , agricultural laborer's
and the intelligentsia.बुद्धिजीवीवगग ,शिक्षित-वगग
Critical of the new economic policies that allow free flow
of foreign capital and goods into the country.
28. National political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
28
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) _ Formed in 1999
following a split in the Congress party.
Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social justice and
federalism.
Wants that high offices in government be confined to natural born
citizens of the country.
A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in
Meghalaya, Manipur and Assam.
30. State parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
30
Most of the major parties of the country are classified by the
Election Commission as‘State parties’.These are commonly
referred to as regional parties.
Parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and Rashtriya
Janata Dal have national level political organisation with units
in several states.
32. Difference between a national party and a state party
National Party State Party
MAHENDRA PAREEK
32
A registered party is recognized as a
National Party if it fulfils one of these
conditions:
1. It wins 2% of the seats in Lok Sabha
from at least 3 States.
2.The party polls 6% of the votes in 4
States and wins 4 Lok Sabha seats in a
General Election.
3.The party gets recognition as a State
Party in 4 or more States.
A registered party is recognized as a State Party if
it fulfils any one of the following conditions:
1. It wins minimum 3% of the total number of
seats or a minimum of 3 seats in the Legislative
Assembly.
2.The party wins at least 1 seat in the Lok Sabha
for every 25 seats or any fraction thereof
allocated to that State.
3. It secures at least 6% of the total valid votes
polled in a General Election to a Lok Sabha or
State Legislative Assembly and wins at least 1 Lok
Sabha and 2 Legislative Assembly seats in that
election.
4. Under the liberalized criteria it can be eligible
if it secures 8% or more of the total valid votes
polled in the State and 1 seat in any State.
33. Challenges to political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
33
1 Lack of internal democracy within parties
the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top.
Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organizational
meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly.
Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on
what happens inside the party. the leaders assume greater power to
make decisions in the name of the party.
34. Challenges to political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
34
2 dynastic succession is related to the first one. In many
parties, the top positions are always controlled by members
of one family
Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of
unfair advantage to favour people close to them or even their
family members..This is unfair to other members of that
party.This is also bad for democracy.
35. Challenges to political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
35
3 Growing role of money and muscle power in parties,
especially during elections.
they tend to use short-cuts to win elections.They tend to nominate
those candidates who have or can raise lots of money.
Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to
have influence on the policies and decisions of the party.
36. Challenges to political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
36
4 very often parties do not seem to offer a meaningful
choice to the voters.
In order to offer meaningful choice, parties must be significantly
different.
37. Challenges to political parties
MAHENDRA PAREEK
37
SUMMARY
1 Lack of internal democracy within parties
2 Dynastic succession
3 Growing role of money and muscle power in
parties
4 very often parties do not seem to offer a
meaningful choice
38. How can parties be reformed?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
38
The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and
MPs from changing parties.This was done because many
elected representatives were indulging in DEFECTION in order
to become ministers or for cash rewards. Now the law says that if
any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the
legislature.This new law has helped bring defection down.
Defection: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a
person got elected (to a legislative body) to a different party
39. How can parties be reformed?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
39
The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence
of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate
who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of
his property and criminal cases pending against him. The
new system has made a lot of information available to the public.
The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for
political parties to hold their organisational elections and
file their income tax returns.
40. How can parties be reformed?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
40
A law should be made to
regulate the internal affairs of
political parties. It should be
made compulsory for political
parties to maintain a
register of its members, to
follow its own constitution,
to have an independent
authority, to act as a judge in
case of party disputes, to hold
open elections to the highest
posts.
41. How can parties be reformed?
MAHENDRA PAREEK
41
It should be made mandatory for
political parties to give a
minimum number of
tickets, about one-third, to
women candidates.
Similarly, there should be a quota
for women in the decision
making bodies of the party.
42. How can parties be reformed? :
MAHENDRA PAREEK
42
There should be state funding of elections.The government should
give parties money to support their election expenses.
This support could be given in kind: petrol, paper, telephone etc.
Or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by the
party in the last election.