This document provides guidelines for the investigation and management of febrile seizures in children. It outlines that:
1. Febrile seizures are generally benign and not associated with neurological consequences. The main focus is ruling out bacterial infection as the cause of fever.
2. Simple febrile seizures, which are brief and generalized, typically require no investigations. Complex seizures may warrant further workup outlined in an appendix.
3. Treatment involves stopping ongoing seizures with medications. Reassurance of caregivers and education about prognosis are also important aspects of management.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
what is community acquired pneumonia(CAP),what is the prevalence of (CAP) ,what are the risk factors and what are the causative agents ,what are the clinical presentations ,how to diagnose it,what are the needed investigations ,what is the management ,what are the procedures to decrease the incidence,
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
what is community acquired pneumonia(CAP),what is the prevalence of (CAP) ,what are the risk factors and what are the causative agents ,what are the clinical presentations ,how to diagnose it,what are the needed investigations ,what is the management ,what are the procedures to decrease the incidence,
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group is neurological disorder. An epileptic seizure is a paroxysm(sudden) of uncontrolled discharges of neurons causing an event that is discernible(visible) by the person experiencing the seizures or by the observer. The tendency to have recurrent attacks is known as epilepsy.
phenytoin,phenobarbital,sodium valporate ,carbamazepine,clonazepam and diazepam, lamotrigine,pregabalin,felbamate,zonisamide, ETHOSUXIMIDE, LEVETIRACETAM, OXACARBAZEPINE, PRIMIDONE
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
HIV discrimination among health providers in Malaysia by Dr RubzDr. Rubz
Although doctors took oath that they will treat everyone the best they can and without judging anyone but discrimination still exist especially in HIV affected people. Due to this issue, Pertubuhan Advokasi Masyarakat Terpinggir Malaysia has taken a step to engage with doctors at government sector and desensitize them and find the line to stand together.
Testicular cancer for public awareness by Dr RubzDr. Rubz
A presentation prepared for Charity Dinner with Fun Charity. All the profits of the event will go to FReHA (a NGO which supports women's and reproductive health.)
Prostate cancer for public awareness by DR RUBZDr. Rubz
A presentation prepared for Charity Dinner with Fun Charity. All the profits of the event will go to FReHA (a NGO which supports women's and reproductive health.)
Breast Cancer for public awareness by Dr RubzDr. Rubz
A presentation prepared for Charity Dinner with Fun Charity. All the profits of the event will go to FReHA (a NGO which supports women's and reproductive health.)
This is the first phase (qualitative) of the current project we are working on with the supervision of University Malaya and Yale School of Medicine.It will be publish as IBBS 2013 by end of the year. This slide is just a rough picture of what we are doing at the moment. This is copyright protected!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences
Febrile summary
1. GUIDELINES & PROTOCOLS
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Febrile Seizures
Effective Date: September 1, 2010
Scope
This guideline covers the investigation and management of febrile seizures in children in the Emergency
Department (ED). Febrile seizures have been defined as “an event in infancy or childhood, usually occurring
between 6 months and 5 years of age, associated with fever but without evidence of intracranial infection or
defined cause”.1
KEY POINTS:
1. Febrile seizures (simple and complex) are almost always benign and generally are not associated
with neurological consequences.
2. The mainstay of investigation and treatment is to rule out bacterial infection.
3. There are limited indications for investigations including blood work, neuroimaging or
electroencephalography (EEG).
4. Clear explanation to and reassurance of caregivers is key in the management of the child.
Diagnosis
Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizure and occur in approximately 3 - 5% of children.2, 3, 4
Seizures may occur prior to the onset of the fever or with only a mild fever, but usually the temperature is greater
than 38.50C. There is, however, a correlation between lower temperature and a shorter duration of fever before
the initial febrile seizure and an increased risk of recurrence of febrile seizure.5
Classification:
A Simple febrile seizure in a child who is otherwise neurologically healthy and without neurological abnormality
by examination or by developmental history is defined as:
• Fever in a child aged 6 months to 5 years;
• Single seizure which is generalized and lasts less than 15 minutes;
• Fever (and seizure) is not caused by meningitis, encephalitis, or other illness affecting the brain.
A Complex febrile seizure:
• Age, neurological status before the illness, and fever are the same as for simple febrile seizure;
• Seizure is either focal or prolonged (i.e. >15 min), or multiple seizures occur in close succession.
Further investigations for complex seizures are indicated in Appendix A
Guidelines &
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2. Differential Diagnosis
Distinguish a febrile seizure from a seizure due to an acute infection such as bacterial meningitis that requires
urgent investigation and treatment. A thorough history and physical exam by an experienced clinician is
ideal to rule out bacterial meningitis, encephalitis, gastroenteritis due to Shigella Sp., ingestions (such
as diphenhydramine, tricyclic antidepressants, amphetamines, and cocaine), electrolyte abnormalities,
hypoglycemia, and head injury (both accidental and abusive).
Investigations:
Routine blood work is not indicated for simple febrile seizures.7 Laboratory investigations are dictated by
the clinical condition of the child and by an appropriate clinical policy for children of that age presenting to the
emergency department with fever.
Urine
A urinalysis is recommended for patients with no obvious focus of infection.
Lumbar Puncture (LP)
An LP is not recommended in children considered to be haemodynamically unstable.
Strongly consider LP if the child is less than 12 months and consider LP if the child is less than 18 months.
LP is recommended if:
• Child has received antibiotics prior to the seizure as partially treated meningitis could be present in
children who were on antibiotics prior to the seizure, and in these cases consider an LP regardless of age.
Even if an LP is performed and the results are negative, one may consider treatment of meningitis, as
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be normal in the early stages of meningitis.6
• Meningeal signs are present:
Meningeal irritation is defined as presence of Brudzinski sign (flexion of the neck causes flexion of the
patient’s hips and knees), Kernig sign (pain elicited with 90 degree hip flexion and knee extension), or
neck stiffness in children older than 1 year of age. In children 1 year or younger, signs of meningeal
irritation are the signs mentioned herein or irritability during manipulation of head or legs by the physician
and/or a bulging fontanel.8 It should be stressed that clinical signs of meningitis are insensitive and if
the clinician is suspicious that meningitis is present the LP should not be delayed while awaiting for
these signs to develop.
Imaging
Neuroimaging is not indicated after a simple febrile seizure,7 but could be considered when there are clinical
features of a neurological disorder, e.g. micro/macrocephaly, neurocutaneous abnormalities, pre-existing
neurological deficit, postictal neurological deficit persisting for more than a few hours, or when there are
recurrent complex febrile seizures, particularly where there is doubt whether the seizures are febrile.9 Magnetic
resonance imaging is more sensitive than computed tomography for brain disorders that may present with
seizures.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
EEG does not predict which children progress to a seizure disorder. Epileptiform abnormalities are relatively
common in children with benign febrile seizures.10 EEG has a low sensitivity in children under three years of age
following an unprovoked seizure.11
EEG may have a limited role in the diagnosis of acute encephalopathic disorders if the child remains
encephalopathic for longer than normal following a febrile seizure.12
Treatment
Most febrile seizures are brief and the seizure has stopped prior to presentation in the ED. If the seizure has not
stopped, treatment with intravenous diazepam or lorazepam is warranted.
2
Febrile Seizures
3. Table 1. Medications for use in febrile seizures.*
Medication Buccal IV Dose Rectal Dose
Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg to max 10 mg
Diazepam 0.3 mg/kg at a rate of 2 mg/ 0.5 mg/kg (max 20 mg per dose)
min (max 5 mg per dose for < 5 May be administered undiluted.
years; 10 mg for ≥ 5 years)
Lorazepam 0.05 – 0.1 mg/kg over 1-2 min 0.1 mg/kg (max 4 mg per dose)
(max 4 mg per dose) Dilute 1:1 with water prior to
administration.
* Esau R, ed. 2006/2007 British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital Pediatric Drug Dosage Guidelines. 5th edition. Vancouver: Department of
Pharmacy Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia. 2006.
Lau E, ed. Drug Handbook and Formulary 2007-2008. Toronto:The Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children. 2007.
McEvoy, GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda:American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 2009.
Rectal diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) or lorazepam (0.1 mg/kg) should be administered if intravenous access cannot be
established readily. Buccal midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; max dose 10 mg) was more effective than rectal diazepam for
children.13
Intravenous lorazepam is at least as effective as intravenous diazepam and is associated with fewer adverse
events (including respiratory depression) in the treatment of acute clonic tonic convulsions. Where intravenous
access is unavailable, there is limited evidence from one trial that midazolam is the treatment of choice.14
See Appendix A for an algorithm describing management of febrile seizures.
Admission
The decision to admit a patient with febrile seizure is mostly related to the source of the fever. In general, children
with a simple febrile seizure can be discharged from the ED after explanation and reassurance of the caregivers.
Indications for admission may include:
1. Undifferentiated infection;
2. Treatment of infections requiring hospitalization;
3. Significant caregiver anxiety and concerns of coping with a recurrent seizure at home.
Patient and Family Education
An integral part of the management of a first febrile seizure is helping the family to cope with a frightening
experience. Parents may believe that their child is dying during a first febrile seizure. The challenge is to help
the family deal with the emotional trauma and to understand the excellent prognosis of febrile seizures. It is
important that the family understand that there is no increased risk of intellectual delay or school difficulties and
that febrile seizures less than 30 minutes do not result in brain damage.
Provide the family with information on the risk of recurrence during the same illness or in the future and how
to deal with subsequent seizures. Inform the families about the low risk of developing epilepsy and the lack of
benefit of using antiepileptic drug treatment in altering that risk. Discuss this information with the family when the
child is seen at the time of the febrile seizure. Provide information to family (Parent Education and Resources)
before leaving the ED.
Recurrence
The risk of recurrence after the first febrile seizure is about 33%, and about 9% will have three or more episodes
of a febrile seizure. Half of the children will have another febrile seizure during a febrile illness in the following
year.15
Several factors increase the likelihood of recurrence and include: first febrile seizure at a young age; family
history of febrile seizures; short duration of fever before the seizure or relatively low fever at the time of the
initial seizure. There seems to be a genetic predisposition for febrile seizures. The risk for other siblings to
3
Febrile Seizures
4. develop febrile seizures is about 10-20% and may be higher if the parents also have a history of febrile seizures
themselves.16
There is no evidence that treatment of simple febrile seizures can prevent later development of epilepsy or that
there is any structural damage or higher risk of subsequent cognitive decline as a result of a febrile seizure.17
A small proportion of children will have multiple febrile seizures. Continuous prophylaxis with antiepileptic
medications is not recommended, and intermittent administration of antipyretics was not found to be effective.
There is a lack of consensus regarding the efficacy of intermittent diazepam, and the efficacy of midazolam as an
intermittent prophylactic agent needs further investigation.18 Pending further research, intermittent prophylactic
therapy to prevent recurrent febrile seizures cannot be recommended at this time. Instead, emphasis should be
placed on parent education and reassurance, as febrile seizures are a frightening, stressful experience for the
parent.
References
1. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Quality 10. Doose H, Ritter K, Volzke E. EEG longitudinal studies
Improvement, Subcommittee on febrile seizures, Practice in febrile convulsions. Genetic Aspects. Neuropediatrics.
Parameter: Long term treatment of the child with simple 1983;14:81-87.
febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 1999;103:1307-9. 11. Shinnar S, Kang H, Berg AT, et al. EEG abnormalities in
2. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Prognosis in children with children with a first unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia.
febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 1978;61:720-727. 1994;35:471-476.
3. Verity CM, Golding J. Risk of epilepsy 12. Maytal J, Steele R, Eviatar L, et al. The value of early
after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study. BMJ. postictal EEG in children with complex febrile seizures.
1991;303:1373-1376. Epilepsia. 2000;41:219-221.
4. Hauser W. The prevalence and incidence of convulsive 13. McIntyre J, Robertson S, Norris E, et al. Safety and
disorders in children. Epilepsia.1994;35 (Suppl 2):S1-S6. efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam
5. Berg AT, Shinnar S, Hauser WA, et al. A for emergency treatment of seizures in children: A
prospective study of recurrent febrile seizures. N Engl J randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:205-210.
Med. 1992;327:1122-1127. 14. Appleton R Macleod S, Martland T. Drug management
6. Practice parameter: The neurodiagnostic evaluation for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including
of the child with a first simple febrile seizure. American status epilepticus in children. Cochrane
Academy of Pediatrics. Provisional Committee on Database of Systematic Reviews 2008. Issue 3
Quality Improvement, subcommittee on febrile seizures. Art no. CD 001905.DOI: 10.1002/14651858 CD 00195
Pediatrics. 1996;97:769-72; discussion 773-5. pub2.
7. Practice parameter: A guideline for discontinuing 15. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Prognosis in children with
antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients-summary febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 1978;61:720–727
statement. Report of the Quality Standards 16. Hirtz, DG: Febrile Seizures. Pediatrics in Review 1997;
Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. 18(1):5-9.
Neurology. 1996;47:600-602. 17. llenberg JH, Nelson KB. Febrile seizures and later
8. Saberi A, Syed SA. Meningeal signs: Kernig’s sign and intellectual performance. Arch Neurol. 1978;35:17–21
Brudzinski’s signs. Hospital Physician.1999;July:23-24. 18. Koval-Sapirman V, Goldman RD. Prophylactic Therapy
9. Waruiru C, Appleton R. Febrile seizures: An update. Arch for Recurrent Febrile Seizures. International Pediatrics
Dis Child. 2004;89:751-756. 2005:20(2): pp 104-7.
4
Febrile Seizures
5. This guideline is based on scientific evidence current as of the Effective Date.
This guideline was developed by the BC Children’s Hospital, Child Health BC and the Guidelines and Protocols
Advisory Committee, in collaboration with the Provincial Health Services Authority. The guideline was approved
by the British Columbia Medical Association and adopted by the Medical Services Commission.
List of Abbreviations
ED Emergency Department
EEG Electroencephalography
LP Lumbar Puncture
Appendices
Appendix A – Emergency Management of Febrile Seizure in Children
Associated Documents
Parent Education and Resources
The principles of the Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee are to: Contact Information
Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee
• encourage appropriate responses to common medical situations PO Box 9642 STN PROV GOVT
Victoria BC V8W 9P1
• recommend actions that are sufficient and efficient, neither excessive nor deficient Phone: 250 952-1347
Fax: 250 952-1417
• permit exceptions when justified by clinical circumstances E-mail: hlth.guidelines@gov.bc.ca
Web site: www.BCGuidelines.ca
DISCLAIMER
The Clinical Practice Guidelines (the “Guidelines”) have been developed by the Guidelines and Protocols Advisory Committee on behalf
of the Medical Services Commission. The Guidelines are intended to give an understanding of a clinical problem, and outline one or more
preferred approaches to the investigation and management of the problem. The Guidelines are not intended as a substitute for the advice or
professional judgment of a health care professional, nor are they intended to be the only approach to the management of clinical problems.
5
Febrile Seizures
6. Appendix A:
Emergency Management of Febrile Seizure in Children
Simple febrile seizure Complex febrile seizures
Full recovery Prolonged seizure
Seizure reoccurred within 24 hours of
Child appears well
same illness
Focus of 1. Consider differential diagnosis
infection able Unable to identify
to be focus of infection 2. Investigate further:
identified on examination • Urinalysis
• CBC, differential
• CXR
• Blood culture
3. Lumbar puncture to be considered if:
• Meningitis is being questioned
• Meningeal signs are present
Consider further • No clear source of fever
Treatment for investigations: • If the child is less than 12 – 18 months
focus of fever • Urinalysis • Received antibiotics prior to seizure
• CBC, differential
• CXR 4. Admit for observation
• Blood culture
5. +/- Antibiotics
Give parent or
caregiver home
care instructions
on discharge
Active seizure treatment:
• Buccal midazolam 0.5mg/kg; max dose 10 mg
• Diazepam 0.5mg/kg per rectum; max dose 20 mg
• Lorazepam 0.1mg/kg per rectum if no IV; max dose 4mg
Guidelines &
BRITISH
Protocols
COLUMBIA
MEDICAL
Advisory
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7. PARENT EDUCATION AND RESOURCES
Febrile Seizure*
• A febrile (fever) seizure is a seizure caused by a fever
• These seizures might appear scary but are rarely dangerous
• A fever seizure might look like: body stiffening; twitching of the face, arms and legs, or
both; eye rolling; jerking of the arms and legs; staring; or loss of consciousness.
• Fever seizures generally last less than 1 minute but can last up to 15 minutes.
• Your child might appear not to be breathing, and the skin colour might become darker. If
so, call 911 or emergency personnel and lay the child on the floor on his or her back and
DO NOT place your fingers in the child’s mouth.
• Simple fever seizures often occur in the first 24 hours of the illness and only occur once. If
the seizure happens again, your child should be seen again.
• Fever seizures do not cause brain damage or paralysis.
• Fever seizures occur in 2% to 5% of all children between the ages of 6 months and 5
years.
• A child who has fever seizures has only a slightly increased risk of having a seizure
problem compared with that of a child who has never had a febrile seizure.
• Fever seizures tend to run in families.
• Fever seizures can occur again with subsequent fever illnesses. Medicine is generally not
given to prevent simple fever seizures.
• Use of medicines such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®) for
fevers have not been shown to prevent fever seizures.
*Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41:215-222
Guidelines &
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Protocols
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