There were well over 100 civilizations that came into being, flourished, and then fizzled out in the last 5,000 years or so. The question always arises: "Why?". This presentation offers some of the answer.
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First published on 29th May 2020 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/2020/05/29/29-may-1453-the-most-useless-ottoman-victory/
Excerpt:
Who went beyond plots and schemes?
Surely only one! But he was great enough to do so: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
He terminated the otherwise useless status of the ominous city as a capital of two long lasted empires that were both defunct long before their respective death certificate's issuance dates.
Kemal Ataturk proved also to be the greater historian of his times, because he convincingly concluded what Eastern Roman 'basileis' and Ottoman sultans / caliphs failed to ever understand:
- either Constantinople or Istanbul, this city failed the two empires.
In other words, the capital city and the therein prevailing theological circles was the main reason the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire / Caliphate failed.
In both cases, the administration of the capital city was caught in conflict with overwhelming movements in Anatolia (Icon-fighters / Iconomachy and Paulicianism at the times of the Eastern Roman Empire; Qizilbash and Bektashi at the times of the Ottoman Empire / Caliphate).
In all of the aforementioned four cases, the ominous Constantinopolitan / Istanbulite administration acted as a heinous, heretic and lunatic, extremist group that brought about short term prevalence and long term disaster.
In all four cases, the imperial administration used the army to squelch the opponents, thus alienating the bulk of the Anatolian population which constituted for 1600 years the vertebral column of the imperial state.
Constantinople / Istanbul was unfit to become a capital city for empires controlling Anatolia and the Balkans to say the least. The capital had to be located in Anatolia, in Cappadocia; and Kemal Ataturk draw a correct conclusion that historians and academics had failed and still fail to conclude.
With capital at Caesarea, the Eastern Roman Empire would have lasted longer.
With capital at Kayseri, the Ottoman Empire / Caliphate would have lasted longer.
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The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire exhibi.docxtodd241
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
The Roman Empire exhibited a great many symptoms after about 180 AD. There was statistical evidence in the declining population in addition to growing difficulties in recruiting effective armies. There was also political manifestations in the greater brutality and arbitrariness of many Roman emperors—victims, according to one commentator at the time, or “lustful and cruel habits.” Tax collection became increasingly difficult as residents of the empire fell on hard times.
The decline of Rome was more disruptive than the collapse of the classical dynasties in Asia. For this reason, and because memories of the collapse of this great empire became part of the Western tradition, the process of deterioration deserves particular attention.
The quality of both political and economic life in the Roman Empire began to shift after about 180 AD. Political confusion produced a series of weak emperors and many disputes over succession to the throne. Intervention by the army in the selection of emperors complicated political life and contributed to the deterioration of rule from the top. More important in initiating the process of decline was a series of plagues that swept over the empire.
As in China, the plagues’ source was growing international trade which brought diseases endemic in southern Asia to new areas such as the Mediterranean, where no resistance had been established even to contagions such as the measles. The resulting diseases decimated the population. The population of Rome decreased from a million people to 250,000. Economic life worsened in consequence.
Recruitment of troops became more difficult, so the empire was increasingly reduced to hiring Germanic soldiers to guard its frontiers. The need to pay troops added to the demands on the state’s budget, just as declining production cut into tax revenues.
Here, perhaps, is the key to the process of decline: a set of general problems, triggered by a cycle of plagues that could not be prevented, resulting in a rather mechanistic spiral that steadily worsened.
However, there is another side to Rome’s downfall, although whether it is a cause or result of the initial difficulties is hard to say. Rome’s upper classes became steadily more pleasure-seeking, turning away from the political devotion and economic vigor that had characterized the republic and early empire.
THE DECLINE OF CULTURE
Cultural life decayed. Aside from some truly creative Christian writers—the father of Western theology—there was very little sparkle to the art or literature or the later empire. Many Roman scholars contented themselves with writing textbooks that rather mechanically summarized earlier achievements in science, mathematics, and literary style. New knowledge or artistic styles were not being generated, and even the levels of previous accomplishment began to slip.
The later Romans wrote textbooks about rhetoric instead of displaying rhetorical talen.
Slides for an introductory lecture on history and historiography, based on my answer to the "Two Things about" meme.
Mark Mulligan's pyramid used with permission.
You can find the old version at https://www.slideshare.net/jdresner/two-things-about-history-and-history-teaching/jdresner/two-things-about-history-and-history-teaching
North Korea is often portrayed as a 'rogue state' and 'unpredictable' but like any other state it has a history which has to be taken into account to make sense of its present. Throughout the 20th century, Northern Korea has been on the front lines between empires, and between imperialists and liberators. The end of the Cold War globally has not solved the Korean separation the way it solved the German one, though the ideological rhetoric has changed. North Korean leadership invokes this history regularly to explain and justify its positions, and this has to be taken seriously in any analysis of North Korea's 21st century development.
Along with Imperialisms past and present, North Korea's nuclear weapons and missile programs are offshoots of 20th century processes of proliferation, in which weapons technology passed from state to state, sometimes intentionally, sometimes not. Perhaps more importantly, North Korea is drawing on the experience of disarmament over the last 25 years, a process that has not always gone well for states that surrender their nuclear weapons capacity.
All this is true, but perhaps more importantly, it appears to be the foundation of the North Korean understanding of how we got to this point, and what matters in this moment: regime survival in the face of multiple hostile controlling empires. We are historical beings, etc.
Diaspora and Modernity: Infrastructure and Nationalism in Transnational Immi...Jonathan Dresner
Wajahat Ali's play "Domestic Crusaders" is a family drama based on 1st and 2nd generation Pakistani immigrants in the US. It is funny, touching, intense, and lively, and nothing in it was surprising to someone like me who grew up with family dramas based on 1st and 2nd generation Eastern European Jews. This is why "Diaspora" is a useful scholarly term: there are patterns. Historians often shy away from that sort of talk, because we're more interested in particularity and complexity, but without abandoning our interest in what's distinctive, sometimes we have to admit that the sociologists are on to something and ask Why?
These patterns are structural, building on fundamental aspects of modernity: nationalism, infrastructure. Persistent racism in the US makes it hard for even third-generation Americans to be fully mainstream and enhances what might be considered the 'natural solidarity' of immigrants who share linguistic and cultural characteristics. The modern infrastructure of transportation and communication means that immigrants remain in contact with home countries, but also have resources with which to implant and expand their home cultures locally. This is enhanced on both sides by nationalism and the nation-state which, even in America, define citizenship culturally as much as legally. Parenting on a cultural frontier enhances tensions between assimilation and preservation of culture. Even in the 1st generation, the impossibility of fully replicating the home environment means that their attachment to home becomes focused on particular aspects of home culture and involves a great deal of assimilation.
Migration and modernity and identity in east asia (MWWHA 2016)Jonathan Dresner
A dramatic increase in physical mobility is a hallmark of the transition to modernity in any society. The combination of economic industrialization, mechanization of transportation and proletarianization of labor makes migration necessary for effective development. This paper will examine concepts of modernity to elucidate the central role played by migration in transition to economic, social, cultural, and political modernity. Changes in internal and external migration in 19th and 20th century China, Japan, and Korea will be examined along with conventional historiographical periodization to see how understanding modernity as movement can and should alter our understanding of East Asian history.
Migration and Modernity in East Asia (ASPAC 2015)Jonathan Dresner
A dramatic increase in physical mobility is a hallmark of the transition to modernity in any society. The combination of economic industrialization, mechanization of transportation and proletarianization of labor makes migration necessary for effective development. This paper will examine concepts modernity to elucidate the central role played by migration in transition to economic, social, cultural, and political modernity. Changes in internal and external migration in 19th and 20th century China, Japan, and Korea will be examined along with conventional historiographical periodization to see how understanding modernity as movement can and should alter our understanding of East Asian history.
Japanese Historical Process in Anglophone CinemaJonathan Dresner
A consideration of sampling of English-language films which address Japanese historical moments or processes. Ranging from John Wayne's "The Barbarian and the Geisha" to Tom Cruise's "The Last Samurai", the way in which Japanese history is d
Good Historical Writing is Good Historical Thinking and Good Writing. A summary of ideas and concepts from my own thoughts, and other clever peoples' ideas about history and writing.
Points of commonality in the English Bill of Rights (1689), US Declaration of Independence (1776), and French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (1789). Also a few differences. This is based on an assignment I used in my 2012 World History survey.
My entry into the "Two Things About" discussion: History, History Writing, and History Teaching. Good for introductory lectures. I know "earlier antecedents" is redundant, but it's how I worded it originally, and I still like it: it emphasizes that the immediate causes are not always the important ones, and those causes have causes.... etc.
The newer version of this, with Mark Mulligan's pyramid, can be found at: https://www.slideshare.net/jdresner/two-things-about-history
You can find the original "Two Things" page at http://www.csun.edu/~dgw61315/thetwothings.html
Survey of last 150 years of Japanese food history, focusing on the stability of the Meiji era, the increasing diversity of the Taisho, the effect of military adventures and the globalization of sushi and Fortune cookies.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.