The document discusses various legacies of ancient Rome that still impact modern society. These include: 1) Roman law and the principles of equal treatment under the law, judges deciding cases fairly, and the presumption of innocence. 2) Roman government and the ideas of republic, civic duty, and citizen participation in governance. 3) The Latin language and its influence on languages like Italian, French, Spanish, and English. 4) Architecture such as concrete, domes, arches and aqueducts.