Hume- “caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite component of the enamel then the dentin or of the cementum then dentin.”
According to location:
Pit or Fissure caries
Smooth Surface caries
According to rapidity:
Acute
Chronic
Arrested
According to occurrence:
Primary (Virgin) caries
Secondary (Recurrent) caries
According to the site of occurrence:
Enamel caries
Cemental caries.
Acidogenic [ Miller’s Chemico-parasitic] theory.
Proteolytic theory.
Proteolysis- chelation theory.
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
Hume- “caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite component of the enamel then the dentin or of the cementum then dentin.”
According to location:
Pit or Fissure caries
Smooth Surface caries
According to rapidity:
Acute
Chronic
Arrested
According to occurrence:
Primary (Virgin) caries
Secondary (Recurrent) caries
According to the site of occurrence:
Enamel caries
Cemental caries.
Acidogenic [ Miller’s Chemico-parasitic] theory.
Proteolytic theory.
Proteolysis- chelation theory.
Dental Plaque
Soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surfaces in the oral cavity, including removable & fixed restorations”
Bowen , 1976
Bacterial aggregations on the teeth or other solid oral structures
Lindhe, 2003
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental caries /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
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ACTIVE MMP 8 IN DIAGNOSIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE PROGRESSION. COLLAGENASE 2 (MMP8) IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE. PERIODONTAL DISEASE BIOMARKER. POC (POINT OF CARE) TESTING. CHAIR SIDE TESTS. HYBRID LABORATORY.
It is proposed that there are 4 levels of periodontal health, depending on the state of the periodontium (structurally and clinically sound or reduced) and the relative treatment outcomes: (1) pristine periodontal health, with a structurally sound and uninflamed periodontium; (2) well‐maintained clinical periodontal health, with a structurally and clinically sound (intact) periodontium; (3) periodontal disease stability, with a reduced periodontium, and (4) periodontal disease remission/control, with a reduced periodontium.
Host Modulation Therapy (HMT) is a treatment concept that reduces tissue destruction and stabilizes or even regenerates inflammatory tissue by modifying host response factors. It has been used for treating osteoporosis and arthritis for several decades; and its application in treating periodontal disease.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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2. Definition: Dental caries is an infectious microbiologic disease of the
teeth that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the
calcifiedtissues.
Carious lesions occur only under a mass of bacteria capable of
producing a sufficiently acidicenvironment to demineralize tooth
structure.
3. Organisms that cause caries are cariogenic.
Thedegreeto which a tooth is likely to becomecarious is described as its
cariogenicity potential.
5. Typeof caries Microorganism
Pit and Fissure S. Mutans
S. Sanguis
Lactobacillus species
Actinomycesspecies
Smooth Surface S. Mutans
S. Salivarius
Root surfaces A. Viscosus
A. Naeslundii
S. Mutans
S. Sanguis
Deep dentinal caries Lactobacillus species
A. Naeslundii
Other filamentous rods
7. 1. ChemicoparasiticTheory
(Miller W.D 1890 )
This states that oral bacteria actsonsugars to release acidsthat
demineralize the inorganicportion of enamel, resulting inthe
development of dental caries.
8. 2. Proteolytictheory
(Bodekar C.F.1948)
This theory states theorganiccomponent of the enamel is first
brokendownby proteolyticenzymes, openingup pathwaysfor
bacteria to attackthe enamel by other processes such as by acidor
chelation.
9. 3. Chelationtheory
(ShatzAet al1957)
This states that the enamel is demineralized by chelatingagents at
neutral pH.Protein breakdownproducts and lacticacidare some
chelatingagents present innature.
This is the most accepted theory.
The factors responsible for this delicate balanceare:
pHofplaque.
Calciumandphosphateionconcentrationattheinterfacebetween
enamelandplaque.
Fluorideionconcentration.
16. The characteristics vary with the natureof surface onwhichthe
lesions develops.
There are 3 different clinicalsites:
1. Pitsandfissures.
2. Smoothenamelsurfaces.
3. Rootsurface.
20. 2. Smooth enamelsurfaces.
The smoothenamel surfaces of teeth are less favorable site for
plaque attachment.
Lesions have abroad area of originand aconicalor pointed
extension towardDEJ.
Cross section : V shaped witha widearea of origin and the apex
of the vdirectedtowards DEJ.
22. 3. Rootsurfaces.
Root surfaces are rougher thanenamel and readily allowsplaque
formation.
Cementum coveringthe root surface is extremely thin and provides
little resistance to caries attack.
Cross section: U shapedwith less welldefined margins .
26. This is the deepest zone
whichrepresents the
advancingfront of the
enamel caries.
This zone is translucent due
to demineralizationwhich
creates a structureless
appearanceof the enamel.
This lies deeper to the bodyof
the lesion andit represents
some remineralization.
1. Translucent zone Darkzone
27. This is the largest portion of
enamel caries.
It is poorlymineralized.
The striae of Retzius are well
marked.
The caries spreads alongthe
striae of Retzius and
interprismatic areas and then
attacksthe prism cores.
Bacteria are present inthis
zone.
This outermost zone is
relatively unaffected by caries
attack.
It is well mineralized by
replacement ionsfrom
plaque and saliva.
Bodyoflesion Surfacezone
28.
29.
30.
31. Dentinalcaries
Histology ofdentin:
Caries of the dentinbegins with the spread of
process along the DEJ.
There is a rapidinvolvement of great numbers
of dentinaltubules whichacts as a tract leading
to dental pulpalong with the microorganisms.
34. The deepest zone of carious
dentinis normal withnormal
collagen, odontoblastic
processes andintertubular
dentin.
The intertubular dentin is
demineralized , odontoblastic
processes are damagedand
fine crystals are seen inthe
lumenof dentinal tubules.
No bacteria is foundin this
zone.
Normaldentin Subtransparentdentin
35. Superficial to the
subtransparent layer.
Softer thannormal dentin
and exhibits mineral loss in
theintertubular dentin.
No bacteria is seen and the
collagencross-linking is
intact.
Capableof remineralization.
Next superficiallayer.
Dentinal tubules arewidenedand
distorted due tobacterial
penetration.
There is considerable
demineralizationand collagenis
irreversiblydenatured.
This zone is incapable of
remineralizationand must be
removed.
Transparent dentin Turbid dentin
36. Outermost zone.
It has decomposed dentin
with destruction of dentinal
tubules andcollagen.
A highconcentration of
bacteria are seen.
This zone has to be removed
to prevent thespread of the
infection.
Infecteddentin
44. BASEDON NEW OR RECURRENT
1. Initial/primary caries
Firstattackofcariesontooth.
2. Recurrent /secondary caries
Cariesseenaroundthemarginsofrestoration.
Occursduetomicroleakageandother favorableconditions.
45. BASEDON PATHWAYOF CARIESSPREAD
1. Forward caries
Whenever the caries cone in enamel is larger or the same size as
that in dentin its referred to asforward caries.
2. Backwardcaries
Whenever the spread of caries along the DEJ exceeds the caries
cone in enamel, the caries extends into enamel from the junction.
Spread of caries isin backward direction.
50. BASEDON TOOTH SURFACESINVOLVED
1. O occlusal surface.
2. M mesial surface.
3. D distal surface.
4. F facialsurface.
5. B buccal surface.
6. L lingualsurface.
51. WHO SYSTEM
1. D1clinicallydetectable enamel lesions with intact
surfaces.
2. D2clinicallydetectable cavities limited to enamel.
3. D3clinicallydetectable cavities in dentin.
4. D4lesions extending into the pulp.
52. GRAHAMMOUNT’S CLASSIFICATION
Cavitysite Size 1 Size 2 Size 3 Size 4
Minimal Moderate Enlarged Extensive
Site 1
Pit and fissure
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Site 2
Approximal surface/ contact
surface
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Site 3
Cervical region
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
55. CLASSI CAVITYPERPARATION
Restorations on occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars
Occlusal 2/3rd of facial and lingual surfaces of molars
Lingual surfaces of maxillaryincisors.