Factors affecting mobility.pptx
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Growth and development, general physical health, and musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders are some of the main factors that can affect a person's mobility. A person's mobility is also influenced by other body systems, lifestyle, personal values and attitudes, and external environmental factors. Mobility refers to the ability to move freely, while immobility is the inability to do so. Throughout one's lifetime, mobility may change due to aging, injuries, diseases, and other life circumstances.
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Physical activity in people with disabilities and elderly people
This document discusses physical activity for disabled and elderly people. It defines physical activity and exercise, and explains the health benefits of physical activity, including reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and hip fractures. It recommends that physical activity programs for the elderly and disabled include aerobic exercise, strength training, and flexibility training, along with guidelines for frequency, duration and intensity. Barriers to physical activity for these groups are addressed, as well as ways to motivate participation through social support, alternative activities, and tracking progress. Environmental and medical factors to consider with exercise programs are also outlined.
Human Development:Old Age
Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the aging process and older adults, concerning physical, mental, and social changes between maturity and death. Geriatrics specifically studies health and diseases in later life, aiming to promote health and prevent/treat diseases and disabilities in elderly. The aging process involves cumulative changes in organs and tissues over time due to genetic and environmental factors, leading to decreased function. Key factors include non-functional cell buildup, DNA damage triggering cell death, and reduced antioxidant defenses. Maintaining good nutrition through a moderate diet, social interaction, daily exercise, and relaxation can help elderly attain longer, healthier lives.
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Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. It is the most common chromosomal anomaly, occurring in about 1 in 800 to 1000 live births. People with Down syndrome often experience cognitive delays, characteristic facial features, and health issues such as congenital heart defects and thyroid problems. Treatment focuses on medical care, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy to help patients develop skills and manage health conditions. Life expectancy has increased to 50-55 years with proper support and treatment.
oxygen therapy.pptx
Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations higher than in the air to treat low oxygen levels in the blood. It can be used for various conditions like respiratory failure, heart failure, and shock. Oxygen must be prescribed with the concentration, flow rate, and duration. It is delivered through various devices like nasal cannulas, oxygen masks, tents, and venturi masks. Safety precautions are needed as oxygen is flammable. Proper assessment, planning, and technique are required to administer oxygen therapy effectively and prevent complications like oxygen toxicity.
child hospitalization ppt.pptx
Child hospitalization involves admitting a child to the hospital for treatment, observation, or investigation. It can cause stress due to separation from family and an unfamiliar environment. Loss of control is also stressful, especially for younger children who rely on routines. Providing developmentally appropriate activities, maintaining routines when possible, encouraging independence, and promoting understanding can help minimize stress. The nurse aims to prevent separation when able and support the child's emotional needs.
FOOD-ADULTRATION-PPT.pptx
This document discusses food adulteration, standards, and regulations. It defines food adulteration as the addition of non-permitted foreign matter or removal of ingredients from food. Food standards are set by experts and authorities to measure quality and ensure safety. The Codex Alimentarius Commission sets international food standards to protect health, educate consumers, and facilitate trade. National laws like the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act and Essential Commodities Act establish compulsory and voluntary standards in India.
PPT_Gastroentritis_reb.pptx
Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea and gastro, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Common symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. It is generally a short-term, self-limiting condition but can lead to dehydration in infants and young children. Treatment involves oral rehydration with solutions containing electrolytes and sugars to replace fluid and minerals lost from diarrhea and vomiting. Antibiotics may be used in cases caused by bacteria. Prevention relies on proper hygiene including handwashing and drinking boiled water.
food safety and storage.pptx
This document discusses food safety and storage. It explains that foods will deteriorate without proper preservation and identifies microorganisms like moulds, yeasts and bacteria as common causes of food spoilage. These microbes require certain conditions like warmth, moisture and time to grow. The document provides guidelines for food handling, storage and kitchen hygiene to prevent bacteria growth and food poisoning. It stresses keeping foods at proper temperatures, avoiding cross-contamination, thoroughly cooking foods and maintaining high standards of personal hygiene.
PPT Imperforated Anus.pptx
This document discusses imperforate anus, a birth defect where the anus is improperly developed such that stool cannot pass normally from the rectum. The etiology is unclear but genetic factors are involved. Diagnosis involves physical exam, radiological imaging, and other tests. Treatment involves initial colostomy if needed followed by anoplasty surgery to create an opening. Prognosis is generally good, especially for cases without additional defects.
mcq nutrition.pptx
Fats are more completely absorbed during pregnancy. Key nutrients important during pregnancy include protein, fatty acids like DHA and linoleic acid, calcium, iron, and vitamins. Nutritional recommendations include sufficient calories, iron, and other micronutrients from a variety of food sources. Maternal nutrition and weight factors can impact fetal development and health outcomes.
PPT_RENAL FAILURE_Urinary systm.pptx
Renal failure is the inability of the kidneys to excrete waste, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes. It can be acute or chronic. Acute renal failure causes a sudden, almost complete loss of kidney function that may be reversible. Chronic renal failure is a progressive, irreversible deterioration of renal function that eventually leads to end-stage renal disease if left untreated. Causes include prerenal issues like dehydration, intrarenal issues like toxicity or infection, and postrenal issues like obstruction. Both types damage nephrons, decrease glomerular filtration rate, and increase metabolic wastes in the blood and edema. Clinical manifestations include oliguria, electrolyte imbalances, edema, hypertension, and neurological
complementary feeding.pptx
Complementary feeding should begin at 6 months of age when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet nutritional needs. Signs a baby is ready include holding their head steady while sitting, opening their mouth when others eat, and appearing hungry soon after breastfeeding. Complementary foods should start liquid and gradually increase in consistency, while continuing frequent breastfeeding. A variety of nutrient-rich foods should be introduced slowly and hygienically to provide balanced nutrition as the baby grows.
health talk on postnatal diet.pptx
- The document provides information on the importance of postnatal diet for new mothers through 12 points. It defines postnatal diet and discusses the benefits of adequate intake of folate, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, iodine, and vitamin D. Food sources for these nutrients are provided along with recommendations for daily intake. Tips are also given, such as taking supplements if certain food groups are avoided. The overall objective is to educate new mothers on postnatal nutrition.
PPT_Asthma_Respiratory.pptx
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow obstruction. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as family history, prenatal sensitization, exposure to allergens and pollutants, and infections. Asthma is classified based on severity from mild to severe. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and lung function tests. Treatment focuses on bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids to prevent symptoms and exacerbations.
PPT_Cleftlip cleft palate_GI.pptx
Cleft lip and palate is an abnormal separation of tissues in the oral-facial region that occurs during fetal development. It can be caused by genetic factors, viruses, or other toxins. Symptoms include separation of the lip or palate, nasal distortion, ear infections, feeding difficulties, and speech and dental problems. Treatment involves surgery to repair the cleft, as well as speech therapy and orthodontics. Surgical repair of the cleft lip is usually done at 3-9 months of age, while cleft palate repair is typically between 18-24 months. Non-surgical treatments like dental obturators may also be used. Nursing care focuses on safe feeding and preventing aspiration during intake.
tube fedding.pptx
An NG tube is placed in the nose or mouth and passed into the stomach to feed babies and children who cannot eat enough by mouth. The document provides instructions on preparing, placing, securing, checking placement of, and feeding/cleaning an NG tube. It describes marking the tube to measure insertion depth and lubricating the tip before slow insertion. Placement must be checked before each feeding by withdrawing stomach contents or looking for signs of distress. The feeding is given slowly over 15-20 minutes and the tube is cleaned after use.
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This document provides guidelines for expressing breast milk by hand and feeding infants using a spoon or paladai. It describes the proper technique for expressing breast milk, including hand washing, positioning, breast compression, and alternating between breasts. It also outlines how to feed infants with a spoon or paladai, including proper utensil cleaning, baby positioning, slow milk delivery, and burping. The document emphasizes the importance of frequent milk expression and provides tips for adequate milk production and storage.
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This document discusses appendicitis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, nursing care, and complications. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix that most commonly affects the pediatric population. The cardinal signs of appendicitis are abdominal pain that starts around the navel and later localizes to the lower right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and tenderness in the lower right abdominal quadrant. Treatment involves medical management with antibiotics or surgical removal of the appendix via open or laparoscopic appendectomy.
PPT_Instestinal parasites_reb.pptx
Intestinal parasites like roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm infect the small intestines of humans and can cause nutritional deficiencies. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue. Parasites are typically transmitted by ingesting food or water contaminated with parasite eggs or through skin contact. Treatment involves antibiotics, antiparasitic medication like albendazole, and improved hygiene practices to prevent transmission.
infant warmer.pptx
This document provides information on infant radiant warmers and incubators. It discusses their purpose of maintaining an infant's body temperature, modes of operation including servo and manual, parts, indications for use, differences between the two devices, and care procedures. The key points are that radiant warmers and incubators are overhead heating units that help regulate an infant's temperature through radiant heat or enclosed warm air, but radiant warmers allow for greater access while incubators provide more controlled humidity and temperature. Proper use and monitoring are important for safely maintaining an infant's thermal needs.
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This document discusses intestinal obstruction in pediatric patients. It outlines three types of intestinal obstruction: mechanical, paralytic ileus, and strangulation obstruction. The document also covers risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, treatment options including nonsurgical and surgical management, potential complications, and the roles of nursing in assessment, diagnosis, and interventions.
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This document outlines the essential equipment needed for newborn resuscitation and stabilization. It includes items for temperature maintenance like warmed towels and blankets; suction equipment like bulb syringes and suction catheters; oxygen supplies and flow meters; monitoring tools like stethoscopes and pulse oximeters; resuscitation devices like bags and masks; intubation equipment; gastric decompression tubes and syringes; intravenous access items; tape and bandages; drug administration syringes and needles; and emergency medications and fluids. The goal is to have a fully stocked and organized resuscitation area prepared to stabilize any newborn in need of support.
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2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
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About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
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Factors affecting mobility.pptx
- 2. DEFINITIONS • Mobility refers to a person’s ability to move about freely. • Immobility refers to the inability to move about freely.
- 3. Factors Affecting Mobility & Immobility 1. Growth and Development 2. General physical Health 3. Musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders 4. Problems with other body systems 5. Life style 6. Personal Values and Attitudes 7. External Factors
- 4. Growth and development •A person’s age and development of musculoskeletal and nervous system affect posture, alignment and body movements. •Newborn: movements are reflexive and random. Gross motor development precedes fine motor skills. •1-5 years gross and fine motor skills are refined. Immobility at this stage can impair the social and motor development of children.
- 5. CONTD… •6-12 years of age- refinement of motor skills continues and exercise patterns for later life are generally determined. •Adolescence- growth spurts and behaviors (e.g. carrying heavy bags on one shoulder) may result in postural changes that often persist into adulthood. •Between 20-40 years of age generally have a few physical changes affecting mobility except pregnant women. Weight gain during pregnancy shifts center of gravity and lumbar lordosis is increased. Both of them increase risk of falls, back pain and fatigue.
- 6. CONTD… •With advancing age muscle tone and bone density decreases , joints lose flexibility, and bone mass decreases, particularly in women who have osteoporosis. All of these changes affect posture, gait, and balance in old age.
- 7. Physical health Poor general health, chronic or acute disease also affect a persons general appearance, his endurance and ability to perform ADL’s. This is because of underlying pathology or treatment regimen.
- 8. Musculoskeletal & nervous system disorders: They interfere with bone formation and strength, muscle function and joint mobility. It includes- a) Congenital or acquired postural abnormalities like hip dysplasia, club foot, torticollis (inclining of head to one side), lordosis, kyphosis etc. b) Congenital problems such as achondroplasia (premature ossification leading to dwarfism), osteogenesis imperfecta (excessively brittle bones and multiple fractures both at birth and later in life) c) Diseases like Paget’s disease
- 10. CONTD.. d). Nutritional-related problems- Both under nutrition and over nutrition can influence body alignment and mobility. Poorly nourished people may have muscle weakness and fatigue. Obesity can distort movement and stress joints, adversely affecting mobility Inadequate calcium intake increase the risk of osteoporosis and vitamin D synthesis and intake increase the risk of rickets in children and osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults.
- 11. CONTD… e.) Problems affecting joint mobility like arthritis, dislocation, fracture, sprain, strain f. ) Problems affecting central nervous system like head and spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accident, Parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis g.) Age related problems such as osteoporosis
- 12. Problems involving other body systems Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia, heart failure (interfere with tissue oxygenation results in fatigue, muscle ache & reduced activity tolerance). Limitations of movement/ activity restriction / bed rest may be medically prescribed or is an important part of treatment for many condition like fracture, myocardial infarction, post operative etc. It helps in reducing metabolic and oxygen needs, decreases pain, reduces edema and promote healing.
- 13. Lifestyle •It includes factors like- •Occupation which are sedentary •Leisure activity preference - those which are sedentary like watching TV, reading books, craft •Cultural influences •Gender
- 14. Personal values and attitudes •Whether people value regular exercise or not is often the result of family influences. •Families that incorporate regular exercise in their daily routine or spend time together in activities, children learn to value physical activity. •Values about physical appearance also influence some people’s participation in regular exercise.
- 15. CONTD… People who value a muscular build or physical attractiveness may participate in regular exercise programs to get the desired appearance. Choice of physical activity or type of exercise is also influenced by values. The design of individualized exercise program will ensure greater adherence to it.
- 16. External factors Many external factors also affect a person’s mobility. •Excessive high/ low temperatures and humidity discourages physical activity •Availability of recreational facilities •Unsafe environment/ lack of good neighborhood •Financial resources to go to gym, to purchase exercise equipment's •Availability of free time