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PPT_Instestinal parasites_reb.pptx
Intestinal parasites like roundworm, whipworm, and hookworm infect the small intestines of humans and can cause nutritional deficiencies. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue. Parasites are typically transmitted by ingesting food or water contaminated with parasite eggs or through skin contact. Treatment involves antibiotics, antiparasitic medication like albendazole, and improved hygiene practices to prevent transmission.
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PPT_Instestinal parasites_reb.pptx
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- 2. The Digestive system –Majority of worms are found in the small intestines, where they mature into adult worms – In children, worms absorb up to 30% of nutrients taken in from their food.
- 3. Common intestinal parasites –are Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) – Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) – Necator americanus (hookworm). – Tapeworm – pinworm
- 4. Main cases – Ingestionof undercooked foods – Drinking infected water – And skin absorption
- 5. General sigs/ symptoms – Abdominalpain – Diarrhea – Nausea and vomiting Gas or bloating – Dramatic weight loss – Feeling tired – Passing worms in their stool – Immune supression
- 6. Are Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) –The larva mature in the lungs. – The adult worms produce eggs which are shed in the feces. – Most infections produce no symptoms. – They penetrate the intestinal wall and travel through the blood and lymphatic system to the lungs. – They then ascend the bronchial tree and are swallowed. Once in the small intestine, they mature into adult worms – Heavy infection can lead to nutritional deficiency or intestinal obstruction.
- 8. Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) –Shaped like a whip, the thin end is embedded in the mucosa while the thin end extends into the bowel lumen. – Colitis, dysentery and rectal prolapsed may occur in those with heavy infection. – Eggs are shed into the stool. – Colitis- inflammation of the colon – Dysentry- inflammation of intestines that leads to the passing of mucus and blood in one’s stool; damages the body’s immune cells and leads to muscle spasms of the intestinal muscles
- 10. Necator americanus (hookworm). – Theworms are about 1/2 inch long. – Produces anemia – treatment consists of iron replacement – Adults, especially agricultural workers, are at equal or higher risk of exposure than children – Flesh eating staph infection
- 12. Tapeworm – Caused byeating raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with tapeworms – Grow in the intestines – Segmented – Eggs also be spread by infected individuals with poor hygiene – No major symptoms, but abdominal pain may occur. – Can be diagnosed by passing segments through stool
- 14. Pinworm – Very small –The most common intestinal worm infection – Most common in school-age children – Spread by direct contact – Symptoms: 1.intense itching 2. difficulty sleeping – Treatment: – antivirus medication – intense cleaning to kill eggs – They can also be spread by touching bedding, food, or other items contaminated with the eggs.
- 16. Effects on health –Malnutrition – Impaired Growth – Mental Retardation – Death
- 17. Treatment – Fiber-rich Ingredients –TakingAntibiotics – Daily multivitamins – Albendazole ( what we prescribe at clinics)
- 18. Prevention Techniques – Washall fruits and vegetables in clean water before eating – Wear shoes or slippers – Water from septic tanks or other potentially contaminated sources should not be used for watering vegetables. – Using a latrine, rather than in the bush or around the home or school. – Young children should be taught to use chamber pots, which can then be emptied into a latrine. – Children should be taught to wash their hands after using the latrine, after playing in dirty soil, after farming or gardening and before preparing or eating food.
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