Human Development:Old Age
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Gerontology is the multidisciplinary study of the aging process and older adults, concerning physical, mental, and social changes between maturity and death. Geriatrics specifically studies health and diseases in later life, aiming to promote health and prevent/treat diseases and disabilities in elderly. The aging process involves cumulative changes in organs and tissues over time due to genetic and environmental factors, leading to decreased function. Key factors include non-functional cell buildup, DNA damage triggering cell death, and reduced antioxidant defenses. Maintaining good nutrition through a moderate diet, social interaction, daily exercise, and relaxation can help elderly attain longer, healthier lives.
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16 Older Adulthood
Older adulthood can be divided into three periods: young-old (60-69), middle-aged-old (70-79), and old-old (80-89). Physically, the body undergoes declines in most major systems as a result of earlier life events and lifestyle choices. Mentally, cognition and reaction time slow although dementia is not normal aging. Personality development focuses on adjusting to retirement, family/social roles, and government policies around increasing lifespans.
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Adulthood Human Growth and Development
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Early adulthood
R.Purushothaman
Master of social work
Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College Trichy 6200005 TamilNadu, India.
14 Middle Adulthood
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Late Adulthood
Late adulthood begins around age 65. According to Erik Erikson, this stage involves finding integrity and meaning in life rather than despair. Four main changes occur in the brain: reduction of brain weight and gray matter, decline in dendrite density, and slower synaptic speed. Vision changes include presbyopia, reduced field, and increased risks of cataracts and macular degeneration. Sleep patterns shift and REM sleep decreases while eating habits become more rigid. Relationships provide social support and intimacy. Life reviews and reminiscence help achieve integrity by reflecting on life experiences and choices.
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Middle adulthood spans from about ages 40 to 65. During this period, individuals experience physical decline but also reach their peak career satisfaction and responsibility. They make important choices about generativity as physical signs of aging emerge. Cognitively, crystallized intelligence increases while fluid intelligence decreases. Erikson's theory of generativity vs. stagnation applies as adults aim to leave a legacy. Personality remains stable through traits like the big five. Family relationships, including with partners, children, parents and siblings, are most important sources of support. The "sandwich generation" concept of caring for young and old is largely a myth for most.
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3) Personality theories focus on stability of traits over the lifespan as well as changes in goals, values, and coping styles. Core personality remains stable in aging while priorities and coping strategies may subtly change.
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Middle adulthood, typically ages 35-60, involves developmental themes of life review, identity changes, and adapting to physical and social changes as children leave home and careers are established. This life stage presents both strengths like relationships and wisdom but also hazards like health issues, career dissatisfaction, and family challenges as roles adjust. Theories view this period as focused on generativity through work and community versus potential risks of stagnation.
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16 Older Adulthood
Older adulthood can be divided into three periods: young-old (60-69), middle-aged-old (70-79), and old-old (80-89). Physically, the body undergoes declines in most major systems as a result of earlier life events and lifestyle choices. Mentally, cognition and reaction time slow although dementia is not normal aging. Personality development focuses on adjusting to retirement, family/social roles, and government policies around increasing lifespans.
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This document discusses the many adjustments that individuals face during middle age across vocational, marital, family, and social domains. It outlines factors that influence vocational satisfaction and changes like declining opportunities. Marital adjustments include adapting to empty nests and changes in roles and relationships with spouses. Other challenges include caring for aging parents or losing a spouse, as well as adjustments to new stages like grandparenthood, retirement, and old age. The document provides an extensive overview of the hazards and problems that can arise during middle age and strategies for successful navigation of this life stage.
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Early and middle adulthood involve significant physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes. In early adulthood, individuals focus on developing relationships, careers, and identity. Physical health is usually at its peak. In middle adulthood, priorities shift to parenting and career goals while physical decline begins. Health risks increase so preventative care is important. Successfully navigating developmental tasks such as intimacy vs isolation and generativity vs stagnation is key to well-being. Late adulthood involves further physical and cognitive changes along with socioemotional adjustments. The aging process, death of loved ones, and changes in roles present challenges but can be positively addressed.
Early adulthood
R.Purushothaman
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Adult nutrition and mangament of nutritional disorders in adult
This document discusses nutrition and management in aging adults. It covers the following key points:
1. Nutritional needs change as adults age, with caloric requirements generally decreasing with each passing decade. Adults progress through early, middle, older, and oldest stages.
2. Common health conditions in aging adults include heart disease, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and prostate cancer. Nutrition can help prevent and manage these conditions.
3. A comprehensive nutrition assessment evaluates an older adult's dietary intake, nutritional status, risk for malnutrition, and any factors impacting eating like physical and cognitive limitations. Regular screening is important to identify and address nutritional deficiencies or health risks.
The Loneliness Factor
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34c-Geriatric health.pdf
Geriatric health deals with the health of the aged. It focuses on promoting health and preventing/treating diseases in older adults. Key points covered include:
- Defining geriatrics, aging, and related terms
- Statistics on the aging population worldwide and in Bangladesh
- Common health problems faced by the elderly like chronic diseases, disabilities, and psychological issues
- The importance of lifestyle, family/community/national support, and integrated care approaches for healthy aging
- Challenges providing care for the elderly from health, economic, social, and ethical perspectives.
UNIT-Geriatric Ageing Process and Changes PPT.pptx
Aging is a gradual, continuous process of natural change that begins in early adulthood. During early middle age, many bodily functions begin to gradually decline. People do not become old or elderly at any specific age. Traditionally, age 65 has been designated as the beginning of old age.
Psych 41 (Chapter 20)Pdf
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1) Good nutrition and physical activity can increase longevity and quality of life for the elderly by supporting health and preventing or delaying disease.
2) The elderly have changing nutritional needs due to physiological factors like loss of muscle mass and changes to sensory abilities.
3) Proper hydration, protein intake, and vitamins/minerals like vitamin D are especially important for health and disease prevention in the elderly.
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Logic and Law
A journal which discusses the relationship of logic to law; gives reference to previous researches related and provides logical questions which can be a guide for further explorations.
Basic Concepts of Logic
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in logic, including:
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This document provides an overview of logic and legal reasoning, specifically focusing on the proper use of syllogisms in legal arguments. It explains that a valid legal argument must follow the form of a logic syllogism, consisting of a major premise stating a legal rule, a minor premise making a factual statement, and a conclusion connecting the law to the facts. The document also discusses logical fallacies that weaken arguments, specifically "fallacies of relevance" where premises fail to support the conclusion and "fallacies of ambiguity" where terms shift meaning. It provides examples of common fallacies like appealing to inappropriate authority and having disconnected premises to avoid in legal writing.
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What Absolute Community of Property Is (Family Code)
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Hazardous Effects of Cosmetics on Health
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Water pollution has various categories and types that can negatively impact the environment. While the document does not go into detail about specific categories, types, or effects of water pollution, it appears to be discussing the different aspects of water pollution at a high level.
Mining and Asbestos Exposure
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
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7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
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12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Human Development:Old Age
- 1. Human Development OLD AGE AND DEATH
- 2. What is AGING? • Aging is a continuous, complex, and dynamic process that begins with birth and ends with death • unless we die, each of us will grow old and experience the effects of aging
- 3. The Aging Process • cumulative changes in an organism, organ, tissue or cell leading to a decrease in functional capacity • associated with degenerative changes in the skin, bones, heart, blood vessels, lungs, nerves, and other organs and tissues • governed by genes that bring out an overall change in the physical make up of the body
- 4. Factors affecting Aging 1. Body creates non-functional cells leading to more rapid deterioration 2. Cellular damage that causes the shortening of DNA, triggers a process called apoptosis also known as programmed cell death 3. Cellular down regulation of our natural oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase making antioxidants defenses less efficient as we age
- 5. Gerontology the study of aging processes and individuals as they grow from middle age through later life and older adults • it is a “Multidisciplinary” field, concerning the physical, mental, and social aspects of life • concerned with the changes that occur between maturity and death and with the factors that influence these changes •
- 6. Geriatrics • the study of health and disease in later life • deals with prevention and treatment of diseases once assumed to be inevitable in the elderly • aims to promote health and to prevent and to treat diseases and disabilities in older adults
- 7. Trends in the Longevity of Life Life • Healthy Nutrition Tips -Studies about the healthiest and longest-living elderly show that these individuals have moderate diets comprised of mainly fresh vegetables and herbs, along with whole grains and small amounts of meats and fats. This is an obvious nutrition ideal for many, but for seniors, changing nutritional needs make it even more important to choose healthy foods.
- 8. • Many elderly individuals take medications that can affect nutrient intake. It's a good idea for all seniors to talk with their doctors about diet once a year. A doctor can help seniors to sort out which medications may deplete vitamins or lesson nutrient absorption. • An often overlooked point when it comes to proper senior nutrition is company while dining. Elderly individuals who always eat alone often eat quickly and more irregularly than seniors who eat with friends and family.
- 9. • Family and Community Interaction - Improving daily life for seniors can be as easy as inclusion. A common variable among long-living seniors is that all of these seniors live in areas that consider family and community important. Integration of the generations, frequent get-togethers with friends, and inclusion in community events make people feel needed, wanted, and cared for
- 10. • Daily Exercise and Relaxation -Seniors can reap many benefits from staying active and by learning relaxation techniques. Regular exercise can be as easy as a daily 10-minute walk. Although increasing the time spent exercising daily will also increase the benefits. Just like any other individual, seniors should always check with their doctors before staring a new exercise routine
- 11. • Daily Exercise and Relaxation -Some of the benefits of regular exercise for seniors include: Greater flexibility and endurance. Greater lean body mass. A better sense of balance, fewer falls, and broken bones
- 12. Questions 1. Differentiate Gerontology from Geriatrics (5pts) 2. Give the different signs and symptoms of aging (5pts) 3. What are the things to be consider in attaining longer, healthier lives? (5pts)
- 13. Thank You Prepared by: Ariadne Cara Santos