The document discusses different types of facility layouts used in manufacturing. It describes process layouts, product layouts, group technology layouts, fixed position layouts, and hybrid layouts. For each layout type, it provides details on when they are appropriate to use, advantages, and disadvantages. Additional topics covered include factors affecting layout selection, computer models for developing layouts, and considerations for service facility layouts.

1. Facility Layout

2. Production Layout Formats
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Work centre
Assembly Line
Manufacturing Cell
Project Layout

3. Facility Layout
• A layout is the physical configuration of departments,
workstations, and equipments in the conversion
process. it is arrangement of physical resources used
to create the product. Success of operations depends
on the physical layouts of the facilities. Flow of raw
material. Productivity and human relationship are all
affected by the arrangements of the conversion
facilities. Plant layout involves:
– planning and arranging facilities in new plant
– improvements in existing layout to introduce new
methods.

4. Factors Affecting Layout
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Material
Product
Machinery
Labour
Location
Management policies
Type of industry

5. Types of Layouts
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Process layout
Product layout
Grouping technology layout
Fixed position layout
Hybrid layout

6. Process Layout
• Appropriate for intermittent operations where work flow
is not consistent for all output.
• Variable workflow occurs when variety of products or
variation of single product are produced.
• Also called as functional layout or job-shop layout.
• Similar equipments are grouped and located at one place
like lathe, drilling machines etc.
• Workers should be highly skilled.
• Intensive job instructions should be given
• Technical supervision required.
• Quick to change and adapt to the unique batches of the
products.

7. Process Layout Advantages
• Greater Flexibility
• Better and more efficient supervision
possible through specialization
• Breakdowns can be taken
care by shifting the job to another machine
• Capacity of different product line can be
expanded easily.
• Better utilisation of men and machine

8. Process Layout Disadvantages
• More work in progress
• More floor space
• More distances travelled by the product.

9. Product Layout
• Appropriate for producing one standardized
product, usually in large volume.
• Also called as flow –shop layout or straight
line layouts.
• Machines are arranged according to the
progressive steps by which the product is
made.
• Examples: Chemical, paper, rubber,
refineries, cement industry.

10. Product Layout Advantages
• Advantages:
• ii)Mechanization of materials is possible
andmaterial handling cost can be
reduced.iii)It requires less floor area.iv)It facil
itates better production
controlv)Production bottlenecks are avoided.
• Disadvantages

11. Product Layout Disadvantages
• Expansion of production line is difficult
• There is difficulty in supervising
• Breakdown of equipment disrupts the
production.

12. Product Layout in Machining Piston
Casting
Rough turning
Lathe
Pinhole Boring
Machine
Circlip Grooving
Machine
Cam Turning Lathe
Grooving
Machine
Inspection
Packing

13. Group Technology Layout
• Grouping technology or cellular manufacturing
layout is made for a single part family i.e. parts
with common characteristics.
• Dissimilar machines are grouped into cells and
each cell functions like product layout.
• Reduces material handling cost and simplifies
machine changeovers.
• Reduces in-process inventory and automate the
production.
• Reduces flexibility.

14. Fixed Position Layout
• When due to size , shape and other characteristic
constraints, the products can not be moved, the
machine and operators move around the
product.
• Example -construction of a building, assembly of
an aircraft or ship.
• Less investment is required in this layout and less
transport cost as bulky materials are not moved.
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15. Hybrid Layout
• No single layout like process, product of fixed
position layout is used in strict meaning.
• Combination of these layouts are used.
• Called a hybrid or combined layout.
• Example, in process layout, one section may
use product layout like parts may follow
process layout and assembly as product
layout. (Used in aircraft manufacturing)

16. Computer Models - CRAFT
• Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique
(CRAFT) is one such program which can handle up to 40
work centres.
• The model considers various type of layouts and different
material handling methods that a firm can use among the
work centres.
• The analyst provides initial layout, a matrix identifying the
number of loads moved among work centres and matrix
identifying the cost of transportation.
• After calculating the initial effectiveness, the CRAFT
exchanges the location of pairs or triplets of work centres
and by many iteration and evaluation final solutions
printed out.

17. Developing Cellular manufacturing
Layout
• Major problems
– Developing and classification a coding scheme for
items of different shape, sizes, materials etc.
– Grouping parts in families to form cell groups on
the basis of processing requirements and routings
– Creating physical layouts for positioning cells
relative to each other

18. Service Facility Layouts
• Service facilities exist to bring together customer and
organisation's services.
• Features like easy entrance, well organized parking
lots, well marked entries and exits, powered doors,
escalators and lobbies for customers, create a
convenience to customer and increase the business.
• The layouts depend on degree of customer contacts.
• One case, it may be designed around the customer
and other around the technology, process materials
and production efficiency.
• Example: Banks designed around customer and
hospitals around the technology.