This document discusses qualitative research methods. It explains that qualitative research focuses more on qualities than quantities and aims to elaborate on market phenomena without relying on numerical data. Some common qualitative research techniques discussed include focus groups, interviews, observation, collages, word association tests, and thematic apperception tests. Specific methods like phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies are also outlined.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
Methods of data collection (research methodology)Muhammed Konari
Included all types of data collection.Includes primary data collection and secondary data collection. Described each and every classification of Data collections which are included in KTU Kerala.
This presentation is about Quantitative Research, its types and important aspects including advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and definitions.
Research methodology Notes for B.com,BBA,MBA_Madurai Kamaraj University and f...Manoj Kumar
This PPT is designed to introduce students to the basic concepts of business research methods. This ppt material focuses on the research process in management research. It also focuses on the importance of selection of an appropriate research methods .It is concerned with understanding and application of the variety of research methods, This ppt is structured to cover f: a) nature of research, research design and planning; b) quantitative research design and data collection; d) data interpretation and analysis; and e) writing up research report. The module helps the student to critically examine issues of the selection of an appropriate research method and basic understanding of other research process
This PPt helps you to understand the Re search Methodlogy concepts like Introduction of Research, Research Problem, Literature review
Research types and process, Variables & Hypothesis
Data Collection Methods
Sampling Methods & Process
Scales & Scaling Technique
Data Processing
Analysis & Interpretation
Report Writing
For Unit wise notes use the below links
Unit-I
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodology-unitiresearch-and-its-various-process
Unit-II
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodology-unit-iidata-collection
Unit-iii
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitiiisampling
Unit-IV
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitivmeasurement-and-data-preperationfor-bbabcommba-and-for-other-ug-and-pg-students
Unit-V
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitvreseach-report-for-bcom-bba-mba-and-other-ug-and-pg-courses
It describes the types of research, differences between quantitative and qualitative research and gives an introduction to Participatory Rural Appraisal tools
This ppt contains important types of research used in research. Which covers Basic or Fundamental Research
Applied Research
Descriptive Research
Analytical Research
Quantitative Research:
Qualitative Research
Conceptual research
Empirical research
Exploratory Research
Subscribe to Vision Academy
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Methods and Tools for Data Collection - Probability and StatisticZyron Jacob Bitara
Primary data is the process of gathering data through surveys, interviews, or experiments.
Method refers to a data collection mode or method while, “tool” is the instrument used to carry out the method
Experimentation is used to study the changes of variable to another variable.
Independent, is what you change. Dependent is what you observe and measure and Controlled, factors that keep the same.
Interviewing is a two-way systematic conversation between an investigator and informant. It involves not only talking but studying the non-verbal responses of the respondents.
Projective techniques are normally used during individual or small group interviews. Generally, these techniques can be divided into three major categories: Visual projective, Verbal projective, and Expressive techniques.
Sociometry is finding, describing, and assessing social status, structure, and development by measuring the level of acceptance or rejection among a group of individuals.
Questionnaire Method is a set of standardized questions, often called items, which follow a fixed scheme
This presentation is about Quantitative Research, its types and important aspects including advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and definitions.
Research methodology Notes for B.com,BBA,MBA_Madurai Kamaraj University and f...Manoj Kumar
This PPT is designed to introduce students to the basic concepts of business research methods. This ppt material focuses on the research process in management research. It also focuses on the importance of selection of an appropriate research methods .It is concerned with understanding and application of the variety of research methods, This ppt is structured to cover f: a) nature of research, research design and planning; b) quantitative research design and data collection; d) data interpretation and analysis; and e) writing up research report. The module helps the student to critically examine issues of the selection of an appropriate research method and basic understanding of other research process
This PPt helps you to understand the Re search Methodlogy concepts like Introduction of Research, Research Problem, Literature review
Research types and process, Variables & Hypothesis
Data Collection Methods
Sampling Methods & Process
Scales & Scaling Technique
Data Processing
Analysis & Interpretation
Report Writing
For Unit wise notes use the below links
Unit-I
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodology-unitiresearch-and-its-various-process
Unit-II
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodology-unit-iidata-collection
Unit-iii
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitiiisampling
Unit-IV
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitivmeasurement-and-data-preperationfor-bbabcommba-and-for-other-ug-and-pg-students
Unit-V
https://www2.slideshare.net/ManojKumar730/research-methodlogy-unitvreseach-report-for-bcom-bba-mba-and-other-ug-and-pg-courses
It describes the types of research, differences between quantitative and qualitative research and gives an introduction to Participatory Rural Appraisal tools
This ppt contains important types of research used in research. Which covers Basic or Fundamental Research
Applied Research
Descriptive Research
Analytical Research
Quantitative Research:
Qualitative Research
Conceptual research
Empirical research
Exploratory Research
Subscribe to Vision Academy
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Methods and Tools for Data Collection - Probability and StatisticZyron Jacob Bitara
Primary data is the process of gathering data through surveys, interviews, or experiments.
Method refers to a data collection mode or method while, “tool” is the instrument used to carry out the method
Experimentation is used to study the changes of variable to another variable.
Independent, is what you change. Dependent is what you observe and measure and Controlled, factors that keep the same.
Interviewing is a two-way systematic conversation between an investigator and informant. It involves not only talking but studying the non-verbal responses of the respondents.
Projective techniques are normally used during individual or small group interviews. Generally, these techniques can be divided into three major categories: Visual projective, Verbal projective, and Expressive techniques.
Sociometry is finding, describing, and assessing social status, structure, and development by measuring the level of acceptance or rejection among a group of individuals.
Questionnaire Method is a set of standardized questions, often called items, which follow a fixed scheme
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Describe different types of data collection techniques
Demonstrate dimensions , type of observations and how to prepare and conduct observation
Understand the practical communication skills for interviews to ask good questions , probe and follow up questions .
Able to prepare for interview
Understand the characteristics and uses of focus group discussions
Conduct focus group discussions
Exploratory research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Exploratory research is research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. It often occurs before we know enough to make conceptual distinctions or posit an explanatory relationship. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
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2. Qualitative Research
It is done when researcher is interested more in qualities
than quantities
It elaborates a market phenomena without depending on
numerical data
8. 1. Phenomenology
• A phenomenological approach to study
human experiences based on the idea that
human experience itself.
• It's the study of human experiences that one
shares as a story. Recorded as audio or video
and later interpreted by a researcher.
• Researcher can become the member of group
and than experience himself or herself and ask
questions from group members.
9. 2. Ethnography
• The scientific description of people and
culture with their customs, habits and mutual
differences.
• It's a way of study in which researchers
become highly active within that culture.
10. 3. Grounded Theory
• Grounded theory is a systematic methodology
involving the construction of theories through
methodical gathering and analyzing data.
11. 4. Case Studies
• It is a documented history of a particular
person, group or event.
• A case study is a research strategy and an
empirical inquiry that investigates a
phenomenon within its real life context.
12. COMMON TECHNIQUES USED IN
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Focus group
Interview
Depth interview
Conversations
Semi-Structured interviews
Social Networking
Free-Association /
Sentence
Completion
Observation
Collages
Thematic Apperception
/ Cartoon Tests
14. • Focus group interview is a tool for
qualitative market research where a
group of people are selected and
asked about their opinion or
perceptions about a particular topic.
Focus group Interview
15. Advantages of focus group interview :
• It is a tool for acquiring feedback about
products or topics
• It provides information about various aspects
of a product that is yet to be launched in the
market so that the product can be modified
• Easy to conduct, low cost and less time to get
results.
17. Depth Interview
• Depth or in-depth interview is a qualitative
research technique which is used to conduct
intensive individual interviews where numbers
of respondents are less and research is
focused on a specific product, technique,
situation or objective
18. Advantages of In-depth interviews
• Comparatively much more detailed
information than other data collection
methods like surveys and focused group
discussions.
• Provide much more relaxed information to
collect information- people feel more
comfortable in having a personal
conversations rather than filling surveys.
19. Conversations
• A talk, especially an informal one, between
two or more people, in which news and ideas
are exchange.
21. Semi-Structured Interview
• A semi-structured interview is a meeting in
which the interviewer does not strictly follow
a formalized list of questions. They will ask
more open-ended questions, allowing for a
discussion with the interviewee rather than a
straightforward question and answer format.
22. Opinion is taken from society. If the image of
the product is negative then a strategy is
developed to turn it into positive opinion
23.
24. WORD ASSOCIATION TEST
• Generally, a list of words (stimuli) is given to
subjects(either in writing or in oral form). The
subjects are asked to respond with the first
word that comes into their mind(responses).
26. OBSERVATION
• DEFINITION:
As a means of gathering information for research,
may be defined as perceiving data through the
senses: sight, hearing, tastes, touch and smell
C:UsersX1 CarbonDesktop(25) Art of Observation -
YouTube.html
31. THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST
• Researchers provide an confusing picture and
respondent tell about the story
• Allows to get at sensitive issue flexible.
• Example: Explain the given picture in your
own words.
32.
33.
34. Exploratory Research
• Exploratory research is research conducted
for a problem that has not been studied more
clearly, intended to establish priorities,
develop operational definitions and improve
the final research design.
