Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data through methods like interviews and observations to understand behaviors, feelings, and motivations. It aims to provide a detailed description of the research topic through an open-ended and interactive inquiry approach. The researcher is the primary instrument of data collection and analysis, seeking to holistically understand the human experience from the participant's perspective through themes and rich descriptions.

4. “Qualitative Research is
collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting data by observing
what people do and say.”
Also called Exploratory &
Subjective research.
Nature of QR is open-ended
It involves use & collection
of variety of Empirical material
such as Interview ,life story etc.

5.  Qualitative research uses very different methods of
collecting information, including individual, in-depth
interviews and focus groups.
 Refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions,
characteristics, symbols, and descriptions of things.
 It is Inquiry approach.
 It involves What people think OR How they
feel…………Feelings & impressions.

7.  The primary aim of a Qualitative Research is to
provide a complete, detailed description of the
research topic.
 Is used to gain an understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides
insights into the problem.
 Qualitative researchers
aim to gather an in-depth
understanding of human
behavior and the reasons that
govern such behavior.

8.  Researcher is the primary instrument for data
collection and analysis.
 Involves fieldwork.
 Qualitative findings are in the form of themes,
categories, concepts or tentative hypotheses or
theories.
 The product of a qualitative study is richly
descriptive.
 The focus is on understanding human experience
rather than explaining and predicting behaviour.

9.  Emphasizes the holistic perspective
 Participant perspectives are important.
 Interplay or dialogue between
researchers and participants
 Data is in the form of rich
verbal descriptions
 The data collection is highly
interactive

10.  A doctoral student collecting data by visits a third grade classroom where
two children labeled are regular members.
 She goes there several days per week staying approximately four hours
each time.
 She tries to remain as unobtrusive as possible observing the natural class
environment and activities as they occur.
 When she leaves each day she goes to her home computer and writes
detailed notes of everything she has seen and heard.
 she begins conducting recorded interviews with the teacher and other
school staff.
 She even interviews some of the parents of children in the classroom. she
asks general questions, leaving room for the respondents to raise issues
and to freely express themselves.
 In conjunction with this interview information she gathers various
official documents, student evaluations, and other information related to
the class.

11. Types
Historiograp
hy
Ground
Theory
Phenomenology
Ethnography

12.  Qualitative methods are often part of survey
methodology, including telephone surveys and consumer
satisfaction surveys.
 Strengths and weaknesses of products/brands
 New product idea generation and development
 Studying emotions and attitudes on societal and public
affairs issues.
 Qualitative research is used to gain insight into people's
attitudes, behaviours, value systems, concerns, motivations,
aspirations, culture or lifestyles.
 Is used in many disciplines, such as in the social sciences, in
health care and the economy.

13.  Uses subjective information and participant
observation to describe the context, or natural setting
 Produces more in-depth, comprehensive information.
 The data in qualitative research depends on human
experience and this is more compelling and powerful
 Data Is usually gathered from few individuals.
 The direction and framework of research can be
revised quickly as soon as fresh information and
findings emerge.

14.  The very subjectivity of the inquiry leads to difficulties
in establishing validity of the approaches and
information.
 The presence of researcher in the process of data
gathering is unavoidable.
 Findings can be time consuming and difficult to in
attendance in visual ways.
 Its scope is limited due to the in-depth, comprehensive
data gathering approaches required.

15.  Bailey C, Froggatt K, Field D, Krishnasamy M. The
nursing contribution to qualitative research in
palliative care 1990-1999: a critical evaluation. 2002
Oct;40(1):48-60.
 Strauss, Corbin. Basics of Qualitative Research:
Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage,
Newbury Park, 1990.
 Creswell, J.W.Research design. Qualitative,
quantitative and mixed methods
approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003.