The document discusses the transition from Euro IV to Euro VI emission standards for diesel vehicles in India. It outlines the key technologies needed, including diesel particulate filters and selective catalytic reduction, to significantly reduce particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions. Implementing these advanced technologies by 2020 to meet Euro VI standards will be a major challenge for automakers and will increase vehicle production costs considerably. The document also notes that India does not currently have limits on carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles.

1. EURO VI TECHNOLOGIES AND
ITS IMPLEMENTATION
A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
BY
SHIRIL SAJU
B120217ME
MEB- S8
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2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
GOVERNMENT DECISION
EMISSION REGULATIONS
TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRED
DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
CONCLUSION
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3. INTRODUCTION
Emission norms- standards by government to regulate emission
Bharat stage (BS) vs EURO emission standards- can use interchangeably
Implementation- EURO leads BS by two stages
Current scenario in India- BS VI in 33cities for 4wheelers and in NCR for 2wheelers
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5. China is already in the stage of Euro V equivalent emission standard
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7. GOVERNMENT DECISION
Will skip BS V to implement BS VI by 2020
Major technical challenge will be for 4wheelers and heavy duty vehicles- and they
will be implementing similar technologies
For 2wheelers/3wheelers
 No clarification about BS VI implementation
 No confirmation about the technologies to be implemented
 From current BS III state to BS VI and then to BS VI in this short time will
be challenging
 BS IV will require stricter evaporative emission controls and catalytic
converters in some models- Himalayan will not be available in Delhi
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8. EMISSION REGULATIONS TO REACH EURO VI
Major concern when moving from EURO IV to EURO VI - Diesel NOx and Diesel PM
WHY?
 SI engines are inherently cleaner due
to homogenous combustion
 PM production from SI is negligible/
gasoline particulate filter may need
 NOx from SI is under control
What about CO, CO2 and HC?
 CO and HC regulations don’t change
 No regulations for CO2 currently
An indicative table about regulation-for passenger cars
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9. TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRED
For EURO V- DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER (DPF)
WHAT IS IT ?
Cylindrical object attached with engine to remove PM
Temperatures around 600 degrees required
WHY A PROBLEM ?
Bonnet will need to be elongated
Problem for sub-4m cars
Maintenance increases
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11. TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRED
For EURO VI- SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)
WHAT IS IT ?
 SCR reduces oxides of nitrogen by injecting a solution called Adblue (aqueous urea)
 Adblue by hydrolysis is converted to ammonia which reduces oxides
WHY A PROBLEM ?
 Need of Adblue availability
 Need of Adblue tank and its
safety
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12. TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRED
IS SCR SUFFICIENT TO REGULATE NOx LEVEL?
NO, in general
EGR will be used in conjunction
HOW IT WORKS?
Factors which promote NOx production- Temperature and Oxygen
content
EGR reduces average engine temperature- Specific heat of exhaust
is higher- cooled EGR boosts this effect
EGR reduces excess oxygen in cylinder
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13. DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER (DPF)
HOW IT WORKS?
 Particulate Matter (PM) will be collected on the walls of the DPF
 The collected PM will be then oxidized to leave only a tiny ash residue-
REGENERATION- otherwise block will occur
REGENERATION
PASSIVE REGENERATION
ACTIVE REGENERATION
FORCED REGENERATION (repair mode)
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14. PASSIVE REGENERATION
 When operating conditions maintain sufficient exhaust temperature (>600degrees),
therefore enabling continuous oxidation of the PM.
 Does not affect engine performance and hence preferred
 When exhaust temperature is not enough- active regeneration
ACTIVE REGENERATION (usually only for <1% of operating time)
 When soot load reaches >45%
 Controlled by ECU- measure back pressure and/or temperature
 Small amount of fuel injected upstream to the DPF
 Chemical reaction over the DOC raises exhaust gas temperature
 Results in increased fuel consumption
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15. PROMOTING PASSIVE REGENERATION
 Exhaust temperature required for oxidation of PM can be reduced to around
400degrees
 Possibilities a) Fuel-borne catalyst like cerium oxide
b) Combining catalytic converters to DPF with the use of precious
metal catalysts- oxidation of CO/NO will release energy
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16. SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
 SCR can reduce NOx emissions up to 90 percent while simultaneously
reducing HC and CO emissions by 50-90 percent and PM emissions by 30-50
percent
 In conjunction with DPF will result in greater reduction of PM
WHY THE NAME SCR?
 System ‘selectively reduces’ NOx in exhaust, using anyone of the following
ammonia based systems
 Pure anhydrous ammonia- toxic
 Aqueous urea (hydrolyzed to form oxidizing ammonia)- Diesel Exhaust
Fluid (DEF)/ Adblue solution- best suitable
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17. HOW IT WORKS?
 Process 1- Injection of urea solution
 Process 2- Hydrolysis of urea solution to form ammonia
 Process 3- Reduction of NOx in SCR catalyst- ceramic substrate+tungsten
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19. WHAT ABOUT CARBON DIOXIDE?
India is the 3rd largest emitter of CO2. 8.5% by road transportation.
India doesn’t have any CO2/ efficiency standards
Regulating CO2= Increasing fuel efficiency.
India’s Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has put forward a proposal mandating a
15 percent reduction in fuel consumption. HOW?
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20. CONCLUSION
Implementation of EURO6 in India by 2020 will be a big challenge for the
automobile manufactures since it involves advanced technologies and needs a
lot of testing time
Even though we are planning to skip EURO5, during testing there is a need to
test DPF and SCR separately for enough operating time.
DPF and SCR are promising technologies to keep emission levels under euro6
standards.
Inclusion of these technologies will increase the cost of production of vehicles
considerably
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21. REFERENCE
[3]http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/simply-put-what-needs-to-
be-done-to-upgrade-from-bs-iv/
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Stage_emission_standards#Mo
tor_vehicles
[5]http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php
[1]Estimation of automobile emissions and control strategies in India Science of The
Total Environment, Volume 408, Issue 8, Pages 1800-1811_K.S. Nesamani
[2]Indian emission regulations_2011_ARAI Pune
[4]https://dieselnet.com/
[6]http://aqicn.org/map/world/
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